scholarly journals Transfer of Metals in Food Chain: An Example with Copper and Lettuce

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Zane Vincevica-Gaile ◽  
Maris Klavins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soil Organics

Abstract Present study investigated the possible transfer of metals in the food chain (from soil to edible plants). The experiment was done with lettuce Lactuca sativa grown in different types of soil contaminated with copper (Cu2+) in various concentrations, with or without addition of humic substances. The highest content of copper was detected in lettuce samples grown in soils with lower levels of organic matter, thus indicating the importance of soil organics in metal transfer routes and accumulation rates in plants. It was found that copper accumulation in lettuce grown in contaminated soils can be significantly reduced by the addition of humic substances.

scholarly journals Flushing of Soils Highly Contaminated with Cd Using Various Washing Agents Derived from Sewage Sludge

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Klik ◽  
Dorota Kulikowska ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

The suitability of sewage-sludge derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter DOM; humic-like substances HLS; soluble humic substances SHS), was assessed for removing Cd from highly contaminated (300 mg/kg) sandy clay loam and clay. The soils were remediated via column flushing at two flow rates, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/min. The stability of the flow velocity (FV) depended on the type of SS_WA and decreased in the following order: DOM > HLS > SHS. Cd was most effectively removed during the first hours of flushing, and the process proceeded with a first-order kinetics. The overall process efficiency was higher at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min than at 0.5 mL/min and ranged from 65.7 (SHS) to 75.5% (DOM) for the sandy clay loam and from 64.7% (SHS) to 67.8% (DOM) for the clay. However, all SS_WAs at both flow rates removed the most mobile Cd fraction (F1) with an efficiency above 90%. Flushing improved soil characteristics in terms of the content of organic matter, humic substances and nutrients. Among all SS_WAs, DOM was the most suitable for remediation of highly Cd-contaminated soils due to high efficiency of Cd removal, the high stability of its FV during flushing and the simple manner of DOM recovery from sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soil Organic Matter Individual Fractions (Fulvic Acids, Humic Acids, and Humins) by Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Techniques in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Guillaume Debaene ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The objective of this paper was to investigate the molecular characterization of soil organic matter fractions (humic substances (HS): fulvic acids-FAs, humic acids-HAs, and humins-HNs), which are the most reactive soil components. A wide spectrum of spectroscopic (UV–VIS and VIS–nearIR), as well as electrochemical (zeta potential, particle size diameter, and polydispersity index), methods were applied to find the relevant differences in the behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties of HS fractions derived from various soils. Soil material (n = 30) used for the study were sampled from the surface layer (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils. FAs and HAs were isolated by sequential extraction in alkaline and acidic solutions, according to the International Humic Substances Society method, while HNs was determined in the soil residue (after FAs and HAs extraction) by mineral fraction digestion using a 0.1M HCL/0.3M HF mixture and DMSO. Our study showed that significant differences in the molecular structures of FAs, Has, and HNs occurred. Optical analysis confirmed the lower molecular weight of FAs with high amount of lignin-like compounds and the higher weighted aliphatic–aromatic structure of HAs. The HNs were characterized by a very pronounced and strong condensed structure associated with the highest molecular weight. HAs and HNs molecules exhibited an abundance of acidic, phenolic, and amine functional groups at the aromatic ring and aliphatic chains, while FAs mainly showed the presence of methyl, methylene, ethenyl, and carboxyl reactive groups. HS was characterized by high polydispersity related with their structure. FAs were characterized by ellipsoidal shape as being associated to the long aliphatic chains, while HAs and HNs revealed a smaller particle diameter and a more spherical shape caused by the higher intermolecular forcing between the particles. The observed trends directly indicate that individual HS fractions differ in behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties, which reflects their binding potential to other molecules depending on soil properties resulting from their type. The determined properties of individual HS fractions are presented as averaged characteristics over the examined soils with different physico-chemical properties.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

scholarly journals Using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) biomass and humic substances to produce urea-based multi-coated slow release fertilizer

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Amanda A. Silva ◽  
Osmir Fabiano L. de Macedo ◽  
Graziele C. Cunha ◽  
Rhayza Victoria Matos Oliveira ◽  
Luciane P. C. Romão
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Atmosphere System

AbstractUrea-based multi-coated slow release fertilizer was produced using water hyacinth, humic substances, and chitosan, with water rich in natural organic matter as a solvent. Elemental analysis showed that the nitrogen content of the fertilizer (FERT) was around 20%. Swelling tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the water hyacinth crosslinker, which reduced the water permeability of the material. Leaching tests showed that FERT released a very low concentration of ammonium (0.82 mg L−1), compared to the amount released from urea (43.1 mg L−1). No nitrate leaching was observed for FERT, while urea leached 13.1 mg L−1 of nitrate. In water and soil, FERT showed maximum releases after 30 and 40 days, respectively, while urea reached maxima in just 2 and 5 days, respectively. The results demonstrated the promising ability of FERT to reduce nitrogen losses, as well as to minimize environmental impacts in the soil–plant-atmosphere system and to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization. Graphic abstract

Soil Augmentation by Humus: Replenishing lost soils and supplementing new ones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemlata Bagla ◽  
Asma Khan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Growth Phenomenon

<p>Earth’s regolith consists of a vital component that is lacking on other planets ­­– the pedosphere or soil body – that is rich in organic matter, soil fauna, minerals, water, gases, that together support life and is thus essential for plant growth. In stark contrast to our blue planet, Martian regolith is devoid of organic matter and contains crushed volcanic rocks, with high mineral content and toxic chemicals like perchlorates. Nevertheless, Martian and Lunar regolith simulants formulated by NASA, have been experimented for crop growth by addition of organic matter suitable to bind xenobiotics and provide ample nutrients, as an essential step towards expanding our horizon in the extensive field of soil sciences.</p><p>Soil is an ecosystem as a whole and acts as a modifier of planet Earth’s atmosphere. The organic matter present in it originates mainly from plant metabolites with the onset of senescence and humification. Humic substances thus formed in the pedosphere exhibit exceptional characteristics for soil conditioning. Besides providing nutrients and aeration to the soil, they interact and bind with toxic heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, industrial dyes, and other xenobiotics that may be present as pollutants in the ecosystem, thus acting as natural sieves. As top soils have maximum organic matter, essential for plant growth, phenomenon like soil erosion leave the soils devoid of humic substances. Another major reason for soil degradation is excessive salinity, leading to osmotic and ionic stress in plants, eventually reducing their growth. Addition of humic acid in soils provides protection against high saline stress and minimizes yield losses. In India, one of the leading agrarian countries, it is a common practice to enrich soils with manure, which is an inexpensive form of humus-boost for the crops. Such practices aid the cyclic flow of organic matter in the environment, against the background of widespread soil degradation.</p><p>Another global form of soil degradation is radioactive contamination of soils which occurs mainly due to nuclear accidents and improper practices of radioactive waste disposal. In order to explore such interactions with humic acid following Green technique, batch biosorption studies were performed over a range of parameters, with radionuclides Cs and Sr that are found in low level radioactive wastes. Biosorption percentages of 91±2% and 84±1% were obtained for Cs and Sr respectively. The technique is chemical-free and emphasizes the ‘nature for nature’ outlook of solving environmental problems. Humic acid and its various forms thus act as traps for radionuclides and work as excellent restorative soil stimulants that supplement depleted soils, boost plant growth, and play a vital role in sustaining life on Earth.</p>

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