scholarly journals Properties of selected soils from the sub−arctic region of Labrador, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Ecological Land Classification ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
Soil Units

Abstract Atotal of 212 soil profiles were described and assessed for physical and chemical properties during July 2006 as part of an Ecological Land Classification study along the Churchill River in central Labrador. Two major soil types were found in the study area along the Churchill River: Podzols and Organic soils. Podzolic soils covered approximately 60% and Organic soils occurred in 24% of the study area. Approximately 15% of the study area was classified as rock and other unconsolidated material. Summary results and a sub−set of the following soil units (from 10 soil profiles) are presented here and were distin− guished according to the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC) (Soil Classifica− tion Working Group 1998): Orthic Humo−Ferric Podzol, Placic Ferro−Humic Podzol, Gleyed Humo−Ferric Podzol, Sombric Humo−Ferric Podzol, Gleyed Regosol and Orthic Luvic Gleysol. The basic properties of the soil units identified above included: (i) morpho− logical descriptions of soil profiles with differentiated horizons; (ii) field−texture tests were used to determine classes and physical properties of sands, silts, loams and occurrence of mottles; and (iii) a range of soil chemical composition of different horizons (e.g., pH, total organic carbon [TOC] and select metal concentrations) which indicated no anthropogenic contamination above background concentrations in the area.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Rendzina soils in Serbia and their WRB classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Svjetlana Radmanovic ◽  
Maja Gajic-Kvascev ◽  
Vesna Mrvic ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Units

According to the Serbian official soil classification system, Rendzina is a soil type with an A-AC-C-R profile, developed on parent rock containing more than 20% of calcareous material (except soils with an A-R profile on hard pure limestone or dolomite). Previous investigations have shown that 29 Rendzina soil profiles from Serbia belong to the reference soil groups (RSGs) of Leptosols, Regosols and Phaeozems according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB 2015). The present study addresses the correlations among three WRB RSGs in terms of soil texture, mean weight diameter (MWD), total N content, and humus fractional composition using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The objective is to better understand the mutual relationship between the classification soil units used in Serbia and the international WRB system. The results show that PCA cannot unequivocally distinguish between these three RSGs. Leptosols and Regosols are highly incoherent groups while the group of Phaeozems is highly coherent, leading to the conclusion that the physical and chemical properties of the soil profiles of Phaoeozems are specific. It is obvious that soil depth and color, which are the overriding factors in the differentiation of Rendzina soils into three WRB RSGs, had no significant effect on these properties. The results further show that soil properties such as texture, MWD, humus fractional composition, etc. cannot be used to correlate Rendzina soils from Serbia with WRB. Instead, careful correlation of individual soil profiles is needed based on quantitative soil data analysis as required by WRB.

scholarly journals Cryosolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tarnocai ◽  
James Bockheim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cryogenic Processes

Tarnocai, C. and Bockheim, J. G. 2011. Cryosolic soils of Canada: Genesis, distribution, and classification. Can. J. Soil. Sci. 91: 749–762. Cryosols are permafrost-affected soils whose genesis is dominated by cryogenic processes, resulting in unique macromorphologies, micromorphologies, thermal characteristics, and physical and chemical properties. In addition, these soils are carbon sinks, storing high amounts of organic carbon collected for thousands of years. In the Canadian soil classification, the Cryosolic Order includes mineral and organic soils that have both cryogenic properties and permafrost within 1 or 2 m of the soil surface. This soil order is divided into Turbic, Static and Organic great groups on the basis of the soil materials (mineral or organic), cryogenic properties and depth to permafrost. The great groups are subdivided into subgroups on the basis of soil development and the resulting diagnostic soil horizons. Cryosols are commonly associated with the presence of ground ice in the subsoil. This causes serious problems when areas containing these soils are used for agriculture and construction projects (such as roads, town sites and airstrips). Therefore, where Cryosols have high ice content, it is especially important either to avoid these activities or to use farming and construction methods that maintain the negative thermal balance.

scholarly journals Classificação dos solos da Planície do Delta do Parnaíba, PI (Soil classification of the Parnaíba Delta Plain, PI (1))

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Léya Rodrigues Cabral ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Carlos Roberto Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Andréa Maciel Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
The North ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

A diversidade natural dos solos reflete na paisagem a sua própria evolução, sendo estes resultados das interações entre os fatores de formação: material de origem, relevo, clima, organismos e tempo. Tais fatores, adjuntos aos processos pedogenéticos na evolução dos solos, definirão suas propriedades físicas e químicas, fundamentais para a caracterização dos solos. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem com o objetivo geral caracterizar e classificar os tipos de solos da planície do Delta do Parnaíba, localizada na região do Norte Piauiense, tendo como limite natural os rios Parnaíba e Igaraçu e o oceano Atlântico. Para a identificação e caracterização dos perfis de solos, foram realizadas atividades de campo, a fim de descrever e coletar os solos mais representativos na área de estudo. Foram descritos e coletados quinze perfis de solo por meio de trincheiras e tradagens, com extensões profundamente suficientes para avaliação das características morfológicas. Os critérios e procedimentos metodológicos seguiram a padronização adotada no Brasil. As análises físicas e químicas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Gênese e Classificação dos Solos da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Através dos resultados analisados foi possível classificar os solos de acordo com os níveis categóricos do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação dos solos. As principais ordens de solos encontradas na área de estudo foram os Neossolos, Planossolos, Gleissolos, Espodossolos, Cambissolos e os Vertissolos. Novas classificações foram sugeridas, devido a características significativas encontradas nos perfis de solos que não se enquadrarem no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos.  A B S T R A C TThe natural diversity of the soils reflects in the landscape its own evolution, being these results of the interactions between the factors of formation: material of origin, relief, climate, organisms and time. These factors, coupled with pedogenetic processes in soil evolution, will define their physical and chemical properties, fundamental for soil characterization. In this sense, this study has the general objective of characterizing and classifying the soil types of the Parnaíba Delta plains, located in the North Piauiense region, with the Parnaíba and Igaraçu rivers and the Atlantic Ocean as their natural limit. For the identification and characterization of soil profiles, field activities were carried out in order to describe and collect the most representative soils in the study area. Fifteen soil profiles were described and collected through trenches and traditions, with extensions deep enough to evaluate the morphological characteristics. The criteria and methodological procedures followed the standardization adopted in Brazil. Physical and chemical analyzes were performed at the Genesis and Soil Classification Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Through the analyzed results it was possible to classify the soils according to the categorical levels of the Brazilian Soil Classification System. The main orders of soils found in the study area were the Neosols, Planosols, Gleysols, Spodosols, Cambisols and Vertisols. New classifications were suggested, due to significant characteristics found in soil profiles that do not fit into the Brazilian Soil Classification System.Keywords: Soil classification; Parnaíba Delta: pedogenetic processes.

scholarly journals PALE SOILS ON CARBONATE-FREE DEPOSITS IN CENTRAL SIBERIA AND THEIR TAXONOMIC POSITION IN THE SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
D. E. Konyushkov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Physical Chemical

Based upon a comprehensive analysis of detailed descriptions of soil profiles and analytical data obtained by I. Sokolov, V. Zolnikov, L. Yelovskaya and other researchers, as well as upon data on the soil-forming factors, an attempt is made to determine the taxonomic level of pale undifferentiated neutral and slightly acid soils derived from carbonate-free deposits in the new classification system of Russian soils (versions 2004, 2008). The above group of soils is not uniform. According to their diagnostic morphological and physical-chemical properties the loamy permafrost-affected soils with ice-rich permafrost should be placed in the order of cryometamorphic or iron-metamorphic soils. The loamy sandy soils with dry permafrost may be placed in the same order. The soils with a shallow profile (< 30 cm) on hard parent rock should be qualified as members of the order of lithozems. The specific features of these soils make it possible to suggest new elements to the soil classification. A subtype of pale-metamorphized soils is offered to recognize the types of rzhavozems and raw-humus rzhavozems as the soils transitional to the pale soils. This suggestion is aimed at harmonization of a variety of ideas on the genesis, conditions for the development and nomenclature of soils, which permits us to give a more complete and reliable perception of the soil cover in the Central Siberian plateau.

Organic Soils of canada: Part 1. Wetland Organic soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kroetsch ◽  
Xiaoyuan Geng ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Daniel D. Saurette
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Tree Removal ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Control Section

Kroetsch, D. J., Geng, X., Chang, S. X. and Saurette, D. D. 2011. Organic soils of Canada:Part 1. Wetland Organic soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 807–822. In the Canadian System of Soil Classification, the Organic order represents those soils that have developed from materials that are comprised primarily of plant tissue remains and includes both wetland Organic soils and upland Organic soils. This review focuses on the first group; the latter group is discussed in Fox and Tarnocai (2011). Wetland Organic soils can be subdivided into three great groups: Fibrisol, Mesisol, and Humisol, reflecting the degree of decomposition of organic material and the vertical arrangement of different organic horizons and other horizons. Wetland Organic soils are present in all regions of Canada and are commonly referred to as (unfrozen) peatland soils. Unfrozen peatlands with Organic soils cover approximately 75 5568 km2 (8.4%) of the land area of Canada. The two primary processes of formation of wetland Organic soils are paludification and terrestrialization. The major taxonomic issues identified for the wetland Organic soils concerns the lack of taxonomic protocols for limnic materials within the soil control section. This is an issue for those soil profiles in which the middle tier is dominated by, if not entirely composed of, deposited limnic materials. Further work is required to determine if these issues should be expressed at the great group or subgroup level of classification. Our understanding of the effects of management practices such as cultivation, tree removal, drainage, and peat extraction on soil properties needs to be translated into models of soil development.

scholarly journals Soil Morphology, Physico-chemical Properties, Classification and Potential of Selected Soils in Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anne N. Karuma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Very High

Four soil profiles (Yala, Galana, Baringo and Bondo) that represent different ecology, physiography and pedological variability were described to study their morphology, soil physico-chemical characteristics and to classify them using two internationally known soil classification systems. Soil samples were taken from designated pedogenic horizons for physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory. These soils are deep to very deep (> 110 cm) and well-drained except in Galana which was imperfectly drained, with varying textures. In Bondo, the soils are moderately acid (pH 5.6 – 6). In Baringo, the soil profile is acidic (< 5.0) while in Galana moderately alkaline (pH 7.3 - 8.3) and Yala soils are moderate to strongly acid (5.1 - 5.7). The organic carbon (< 0.6%) and organic matter levels (1 – 2%) were low and decreased down the profiles in all. The soils have low to moderate fertility. The base saturation of the studied soils is rated as very high (> 80%) in Galana and Baringo and low (< 50%) in Yala and Bondo pedons. The soils are non-saline as indicated by the low values of electrical conductivity (< 1.7dS/m) in the pedons. The soils are non-sodic (ESP < 6%) in Bondo and Yala, however moderately sodic (ESP 11-15%) in Galana and Baringo. Ochric horizon was the main diagnostic epipedon while ferralic, argillic and cambic horizons were the diagnostic B horizons. According to USDA Soil Taxonomy, the soils were classified as Typic Haplustox (Yala), Typic Haplocalcids (Galana), Typic Eutrudepts (Baringo) and Plinthic Haplustults (Bondo) corresponding to Haplic Ferralsols, Luvic Calcisols, Haplic Cambisol and Cutanic Plinthic Acrisols in the WRB for Soil Resources. The general fertility of the soils of the areas is discussed highlighting their potentials and constraints.

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

scholarly journals Soil classification at Muaro Baru beach of Padang City using CPT data

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Rina Yuliet ◽  
Mas Mera ◽  
Krismon Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Soil Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Type

Many semi-empiric correlations have been developed to estimate geotechnical parameters based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data for various types of soils. This paper aims to classify soil types based on CPT data with several semi-empiric correlations and compare the results of some of these correlations. In this study, the field CPT and the laboratory test were carried out on soil from two closely spaced locations in the estuary area of Muaro Baru, Padang city. The CPT data was used to determine the soil type using several semi-empirical correlations, namely; friction ratios, Schertmann (1978), Robertson and Campanella (1983), and Robertson et al. (1986), then updated by Robertson in 2010. Soil Behaviour Type (SBT) is based on the cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (qs), and friction ratio (Rf). The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is also used to classify soils using sieve analysis. The results showed that from the several semi-empirical correlations obtained compatibility soil classification and soil profiles.

scholarly journals Classification and assessment of agricultural potential of the lower Niger floodplain soils of Atani, Southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
F.C. Okenmuo ◽  
C.O. Anochie ◽  
M.E. Ukabiala ◽  
C.L.A. Asadu ◽  
P.K. Kefas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Capability Evaluation

The soils of Atani floodplain in Anambra State of Nigeria contribute significantly to the food production of the State, hence the need to understand their behavior in order to enhance their management and productivity. Profile pits were sited along three physiographic units viz: levee crest, levee  slope and flood basin. Soil samples were collected from the profile horizons and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Characterization of the soils was based on their morphological, physical and chemical properties. Soil classification was carried out using the USDA Soil Taxonomy and correlated with FAO/IUSS World Reference Base. Its agricultural potential was assessed using the fertility capability classification. The soils were deep. Topsoil colour was dominantly blackish black (10YR 3/2). Mottles were pervasive; an indication of impeded drainage conditions. The soils were predominantly fine textured. Soil pH values ranged from 4.8 to 6.2. Exchangeable Calcium was low to moderate (2.6-8.2 cmol kg−1); Magnesium was moderate to high (1.6-6.8 cmol kg−1); Sodium was high to very high (1.0-2.5 cmol kg−1), while potassium was high (1.2-4.2 cmol kg−1). Cation  exchange capacity values ranged from 11.6 to 42.6 cmol kg−1. Total nitrogen was very low to low (0.14-1.12 g kg−1), while organic carbon was low to moderate (0.4-15.2 g kg−1). Available phosphorus was very low to high ranging from 0.93 to 31.71 mg kg−1 while base saturation ranged from 64 to 93%. The soils were classified as Typic Fluvaquents (Typic Fluvisols), Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) and Fluventic Endoaquepts (Endostagnic Cambisols) according to the USDA and FAO/IUSS. The fertility capability evaluation of the soils revealed that the pedons were Lgn in classification due to limitations in drainage. Key words: alluvium, cambic horizon, Inceptisols, lithologic discontinuity

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