scholarly journals Relationship Between Postpartum Disorders And Pregnancy Losses and Subsequent Fertility of Dairy Cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Janusz Zbylut ◽  
Marek Gehrke ◽  
Edward Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Foetal Loss ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Postpartum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract The aim of the study was to find the relationship between some postpartum disorders and pregnancy losses (PL), and the influence of PL on further fertility of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. The 1,056 pregnancies and 906 calving intervals (CI) of 378 cows during the nine-year observation period were analysed. The average milk yield during this period increased from 7,500 to 10,500 kg/305 d of lactation. All cows up to 4 weeks after calving were gynecologically examined and cases of genital tract disorders were recorded and treated. Artificial inseminations (AI) were made using commercial frozen/thawed semen. In cows with silent ovulation, oestrus was induced by injection of PGF2α or programmes using PGF2α and GnRH, or hCG were applied. Pregnancy was diagnosed with the use of ultrasonography or foetal membrane slip only from 30 and 42 d after service, respectively, and re-diagnosed between 70 and 90 d after AI. The cases of „early foetal loss” up to 90 d and „mid-to-late PL” between 91 and 260 d after AI were recorded. Endometritis was noted in 31.8%, ovarian cysts in 8.5%, whereas ovarian inactivity in 4.6% of cows. Early PL was observed in 5.2%, whereas mid-to-late PL in 6.8% of cows (total 12%). From all analysed factors, the influence of delayed or periodical lack of ovarian activity was significant with regard to early PL (P=0.029). The probability of early PL increased when besides the diagnosis of ovarian inactivity, AI was made following an induced oestrus (P=0.003). CI for cows, which did not lost pregnancy amounted 442.9 d. The early, mid-to-late and multiple PL extended the CI to 579.6, 661.1 and 657.7 d, respectively (P<0.05). Concurrently, CI for cows with “early foetal loss” was significantly shorter comparing to cows with “mid-to-late foetal loss” (579.6 d vs.661.1 d; P<0.05). On average 2.6 inseminations for one pregnancy were needed, and each PL increased the AI index. Significant differences were stated after early and multiple foetal losses (5.2 and 5.1 vs. 2.6; P<0.05).

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Consequences of Retained Placenta for Uterine Health, Reproduction and Milk Yield in Dairy Cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Könyves ◽  
Ottó Szenci ◽  
Viktor Jurkovich ◽  
Lászlóné Tegzes ◽  
Attila Tirián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration

The objective of the study was to determine the value of metabolic indicators characterising the energy and acid-base metabolism of dairy cows for predicting the risk of retained placenta (RP). The connection between RP and different factors analysed, and the effect of RP on the development of puerperal metritis (PM) as well as on reproduction and milk production was studied. A total of 105 Holstein-Friesian cows were included and sampled between days -14–0 prepartum and then on days 4, 10–14, 28–35, 56–63 and 84–91 postpartum, for metabolic tests. From day 4, at times coinciding with the days of metabolic sampling, uterine involution and metritis were monitored by clinical examination, and from days 28–35 ovarian activity was monitored by ultrasonography. On days -14–0, the plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration showed a positive Odds Ratio (OR) 102.1, P < 0.05; while urinary net acid-base excretion (NABE) exhibited a negative correlation (OR 0.99; P < 0.05) with the odds of RP. NEFA and NABE were negatively correlated (Pearson’s coefficient: -0.24; P < 0.05). Ketonuria of grade ≥ 2+ increased the probability of RP (OR: Infinite; P < 0.05). On day -14–0 prepartum, elevated plasma NEFA concentration, decreasing urinary NABE and grade ≥ 2+ ketonuria indicates a higher risk of RP. The odds of RP were not influenced by parity, sex and viability of the calf, and the calving assistance. RP increased the risk of PM (OR: 27.3; P < 0.0001). The RP alone did not exert an influence on the metabolic status, reproductive performance or milk production of cows.

scholarly journals Ovarian activity in Fleckvieh, Brown Swiss and two strains of Holstein-Friesian cows in pasture-based, seasonal calving dairy systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Piccand ◽  
Susanne Meier ◽  
Erwan Cutullic ◽  
Sara Weilenmann ◽  
Peter Thomet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score

The objectives of the study were to compare the ovarian activity of Holstein-Friesian (CH HF), Fleckvieh (CH FV) and Brown Swiss (CH BS) dairy cows of Swiss origin with that of Holstein-Friesian (NZ HF) dairy cows of New Zealand origin, the latter being used as a reference for reproductive performance in pasture-based seasonal calving systems. Fifty, second-lactation NZ HF cows were each paired with a second-lactation Swiss cow (17, 15 and 18 CH HF, CH FV and CH BS respectively) in 13 pasture-based, seasonal-calving commercial dairy farms in Switzerland. Ovarian activity was monitored by progesterone profiling from calving to first breeding service. CH BS cows produced less energy-corrected milk (mean 22·8 kg/d) than the other breeds (26·0–26·5 kg/d) during the first 100 d of lactation. CH HF cows had the lowest body condition score (BCS) at calving and the greatest BCS loss from calving to 30 d post partum. Commencement of luteal activity (CLA) was later for NZ HF than for CH FV (51·5 v. 29·2 d; P <0·01), with CH HF and CH BS intermediate (43 d). On average, NZ HF and CH HF cows had one oestrous cycle before the onset of the seasonal breeding period; this was less (P<0·01) than either CH FV (1·7) or CH BS (1·6). There was a low prevalence of luteal persistency (3%) among the studied cows. First and second oestrous cycle inter-ovulatory intervals did not differ between breeds (20·5–22·6 d). The luteal phase length of CH BS during the second cycle was shorter (10·6 d) than that of the other breeds (13·8–16·0 d), but the inter-luteal interval was longer (9·8 d v. 7·0–8·0 d). The results suggest that the Swiss breeds investigated have a shorter interval from calving to CLA than NZ HF cows.

METABOLIC PROFILE OF DAIRY COWS BLOOD IN DYNAMICS OF PUERPERIUM DURING RESTORATION AND DEPRESSION OF OVULATORY OVARIAN FUNCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A. M. Sineva ◽  
A. V. Lysenko ◽  
A. G. Nezhdanov ◽  
V. A. Safonov ◽  
V. A. Lukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The decrease in fertility of highly productive dairy cows associated with postpartum ovarian depression is becoming one of the significant problems of modern dairy cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the state of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Holstein-Friesian cows in the dynamics of postpartum period with the restoration and depression of ovarian ovulatory function against the background of their adequate feeding. The experiment included 16 fresh cows with an average annual dairy productivity of 9.5 ths kg. The blood for the study was obtained from the caudal vein on the 6th, 12th, 40th and 68th days after calving. Blood serum content of total protein and its fractions, urea, creatinine, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose was determined. The state of genitals was evaluated by transrectal palpation and ultrasound scanning, as well as by blood concentration of progesterone and estradiol. It has been shown that the formation of postpartum ovarian dysfunction in cows occurs against the background of low blood content of glucose, globulin protein fractions and increased creatinine content. The threshold serum concentration of glucose during the first two weeks after calving, at which ovarian dysfunction and a decrease in animal fertility should be predicted, is less than 2,2 mmol/L. There was expressed a judgment on the appropriateness of further researches to identify the relationship of the metabolic status of animals with the typological features of their higher nervous activity.

Relationships between energy balance and post-partum ovarian activity and fertility in first lactation dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Senatore ◽  
W. R. Butler ◽  
P. A. Oltenacu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Subsequent Fertility

AbstractForty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were monitored from calving through 100 days in milk to evaluate the effect of energy balance in the early post-partum period on subsequent fertility. The post-partum interval to first ovulation (R2 = 0·41; P < 0·005) was lengthened by greater negative energy balance, and reduced by greater body weight at parturition or decreased body-weight loss during the experimental period. Luteal activity (R2 = 0·58; P < 0·0001), measured by plasma progesterone area under curve, was increased in the first cycle post partum by a shorter interval to first ovulation, improved energy balance during the 1st week of lactation and by decreased body-weight loss. Pregnancy status following first artificial insemination was related positively to the number of ovulations before insemination, improved energy balance during the 1st month post partum, fewer days to first ovulation and greater body weight at calving. These data suggest that energy balance and body weight are important in determining the post-partum interval to first ovulation and the subsequent fertility of first lactation dairy cotes.

scholarly journals The relationship between milk metabolome and methane emission of Holstein Friesian dairy cows: Metabolic interpretation and prediction potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 2110-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. van Gastelen ◽  
E.C. Antunes-Fernandes ◽  
K.A. Hettinga ◽  
J. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Uterine Involution and Ovarian Activity in Postpartum Holstein Dairy Cows. A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Elmetwally
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Following parturition in the cow, there is a significant period of sexual quiescence of variable length. This period of reproductive quiescence was found to be longer in suckling or intensively milked animals.This acyclic period is generally considered as the postpartum anoestrous period. The postpartum period constitutes an important period in the reproductive life of dairy cows because of its enormous influence upon subsequent fertility. The entire postpartum period, puerperium, is defined as the period from parturition until the genital organs return to its normal physiological and histological condition, as in normal non-gravid state. They added that any extension of the puerperium in cows might have a detrimental effect on the reproductive performance of the individual animal. Thus, the main determinant of this period is essentially dependent on the resumption of normal ovarian cycles, the manifestation of estrus behaviour and conception following insemination.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLINICAL DISEASE, PRODUCTION AND CULLING OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. MARTIN ◽  
S. A. AZIZ ◽  
W. C. D. SANDALS ◽  
R. A. CURTIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Friesian Cows

A study of the association between disease occurrence, level of production and culling in 18 southern Ontario purebred Holstein-Friesian herds was conducted. The rate of culling increased by approximately 3% per year of age (P < 0.05). Culled cows had lower milk production, were milked longer and had longer calving intervals in the lactation completed prior to culling, than their herdmates (P < 0.05). After control for age effects, the associations between production level and culling were not significant. Culled cows had a lower rate of ketosis and higher rates of foot problems and dystocia in the last completed lactation than nonculled cows. Culled cows had higher rates of nonparturition-related metritis and lower rates of ovarian cystic disease than nonculled cows. Despite the differences in disease occurrence and level of production between culled and nonculled cows, clinical disease(s) observed by veterinarians and poor production explained only a small proportion of culling in dairy cows. Key words: Association, culling, disease, production, Holstein-Friesian

scholarly journals Prediction of daily milk production from the linear body and udder morphometry in Holstein Friesian dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Soeharsono Soeharsono ◽  
Sri Mulyati ◽  
Suzanita Utama ◽  
Wurlina Wurlina ◽  
Pudji Srianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Body ◽  
Daily Milk

Aim: This study aimed to develop equations to predict daily milk production (DMP) based on linear body and udder morphometry of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted on 174 lactating HF dairy cows reared by farmers at different locations under similar conditions. The age, parity, and body condition score of experimental animals were limited to 0.25 of the standard deviation value above or below the average. The average DMP was based on farmers' records. Morphometry components, i.e., body length (BL); chest circumference (CC); front udder height (FUH), rear udder height (RUH); and udder circumference (UC) were directly measured using a tape; meanwhile, body weight (BW) was estimated using the Indonesia Winter formula. The relationship variables of morphometry components (body and udder morphometry) and BW on DMP were analyzed by regression. Results: The result showed no correlation (p>0.05) between CC and BW on DMP. Meanwhile, DMP obtained linear regression (p<0.05) with the mathematical equation: 1.30+0.11*BL; 13.90+0.41*FUH; 11.02+0.18*RUH; and 3.87+0.16*UC. Conclusion: This study shows that the DMP of dairy cows could be predicted based on their BL and udder morphometry.

scholarly journals The effect of heat stress on time spent lying by cows in a housing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract Dairy cows are exposed to heat stress, the risk of which is increasing due to climate change. This could result in significant changes in the cows’ lying time behaviour. The presented study shows the relationship between heat stress determined with the use of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and the daily lying time of 40 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Based on the calculated value of THI, two periods were specified, a neutral period (with a maximum daily THI value below 68) and warm period (with minimal daily THI value above 73). The obtained results were processed using analysis of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient with significance at P<0.05. The results showed a decrease in daily total lying time between the neutral and warm periods from 11.3 to 9.4 h/d. During the warm period, the correlation between cows’ lying time and increased THI shows that the relationship is significant inversely proportional, but in the neutral period that correlation was not significant. A decrease in the percentage of the lying cows and average lying time per hour was also noticeable between the daytime and night-time in warm periods, which was 2 times less than in the neutral period.

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