scholarly journals Occurrence of Genes Encoding Virulence Factors in Bordetella Bronchiseptica Strains Isolated from Infected and Healthy Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stępniewska ◽  
Iwona Markowska-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine genotypic profiles of Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bbr) strains, based on the occurrence of genes encoding virulence factors, such as flagella (fla), dermonecrotoxin (dnt), and exogenous ferric siderophore receptor (bfrZ), using PCR. 209 tested Bbr strains were obtained from Polish swine herds with different health status (with progressive atrophic rhinitis - PAR, suspected for PAR, and unknown). In total, seven different Bbr genotypes were determined. In 39.2% of Bbr isolates all three genes were present. In 41.1% of the isolates only two genes were detected. The most common genotype dnt+bfrZ-fla+ was present in 60 (28.5%) Bbr strains, 65% of them were obtained from farms with PAR. Twenty five (12%) Bbr isolates were identified as dnt-bfrZ+fla+ genotype and, as above, they were more frequently isolated from clinical cases of disease (84%). Among 31 (14.8%) strains only fla gene was evident, and in nine (4.3%) only dnt gene was present. There were no Bbr strains with bfrZ gene only. These results confirm the heterogenicity among Bbr strains.

Genomic plasticity and antibody response of Bordetella bronchiseptica strain HT200, a natural variant from a thermal spring

2021 ◽  
Vol 368 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhasketan Badhai ◽  
Subrata K Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Natural Variant

ABSTRACT Classical Bordetella species are primarily isolated from animals and humans causing asymptomatic infection to lethal pneumonia. However, isolation of these bacteria from any extra-host environmental niche has not been reported so far. Here, we have characterized the genomic plasticity and antibody response of Bordetella bronchiseptica strain HT200, isolated from a thermal spring. Genomic ANI value and SNPs-based phylogenetic tree suggest a divergent evolution of strain HT200 from a human-adapted lineage of B. bronchiseptica. Growth and survivability assay showed strain HT200 retained viability for more than 5 weeks in the filter-sterilized spring water. In addition, genes or loci encoding the Bordetella virulence factors such as DNT, ACT and LPS O-antigen were absent in strain HT200, while genes encoding other virulence factors were highly divergent. Phenotypically, strain HT200 was non-hemolytic and showed weak hemagglutination activity, but was able to colonize in the respiratory organs of mice. Further, both infection and vaccination with strain HT200 induced protective antibody response in mouse against challenge infection with virulent B. bronchiseptica strain RB50. In addition, genome of strain HT200 (DSM 26023) showed presence of accessory genes and operons encoding predicted metabolic functions pertinent to the ecological conditions of the thermal spring.

scholarly journals Molecular Fingerprinting of Pasteurella Multocida Associated with Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis in Swine Herds

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Gardner ◽  
Rick Kasten ◽  
Graeme J. Eamens ◽  
Kurt P. Snipes ◽  
Randall J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Type A ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Type D ◽  
Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Swine Herds

Ninety-six nasal isolates of Pasteurella multocida from swine herds with progressive atrophic rhinitis were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of whole-cell DNA, ribotyping, and plasmid analysis. For REA, bacterial DNA was digested with SmaI and electrophoresed in 0.7% agarose, and fragments were visualized with UV light. For ribotyping, EcoRI-digested and electrophoresed restriction fragments of whole-cell DNA were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, hybridized with γ-32P-labeled Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA, and visualized by autoradiography. Phenotypes of isolates were toxigenic capsular type D ( n = 51), nontoxigenic type D ( n = 28), nontoxigenic type A ( n = 16), and toxigenic type A ( n = 1). Plasmids of various sizes were evident in 92.2% and 17.9% of toxigenic and nontoxigenic D strains, respectively, but were absent from all type A strains. Among the 4 phenotypes, there were 17 REA profiles and 6 ribotypes. For 3 of 17 REA patterns, multiple ribotypes were evident, and several REA types were evident in 5 of 6 ribotypes. Thirty-seven isolates of toxigenic capsular type D from Australian herds were either SmaI type B or C and ribotype 2, whereas 14 toxigenic D isolates from the USA and other countries were more heterogeneous (7 REA types and 6 ribotypes). The fingerprinting results provided evidence in support of the hypothesis of a single source infection in Australia associated with the introduction of breeding pigs from overseas.

scholarly journals Acute health problems in industrial production of swine and possible solutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Gagrcin ◽  
Milijana Simic ◽  
Radoslav Dosen ◽  
Vojin Ivetic
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Swine Herds

The main characteristic of swine herds in the territory of the Republic of Serbia is an unsatisfactory health status accompanied by increased incidence of contagious parasitic, genetic and other disorders. All this is a consequence of long-term unfavorable production conditions (maintenance of animals, diet, treatment, prevention, etc), which to a large extent altered the course and outcome of the mentioned diseases, and which had direct impact on the parameters which determine the health status of animals in a population. The health status of swine populations in our country are mostly determined by the presence of swine plague, but also diseases of pluricausal character, such as coli in fections, actinobdjcillosis, atrophic rhinitis dysentery, and others. One must also not forget the presence of diseases which can be maintained in herds for a long time as enzootic diseases (Aujeszkyi, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, etc). Among parasitic diseases trichinellosis deserves special attention since it endangers the health of humans more and more every day. Most of the mentioned diseases are exhibited in very different clinical forms, so that their timely detection is very difficult and their control complex. That is why swine production in our country is characterized by a low percentage of fertilization, small number of live and large number of still-born piglets, and a high level of mortality in all categories. A logical consequence of this is a small number of produced porkers per sow, mostly of poor quality. In conditions where there are many diseases of different etiology, their control is complex and consequences always connected to a reduction or complete annulment of the expected benefits from an animal of high genetic potential veterinary-medical protection must cede its place to health protection as a technology which is based on a policy of disease prevention. This implies the establishment and maintenance of a high health status in swine herds with a clear definition of special criteria for elite, reproductive and production herds. The mentioned concept requires a well-prepared, organized and equipped veterinary service, in which relations are adequately coordinated and tasks are well distributed among experts on farms, in specialized institutions, faculties, and inspection services.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of MgrA and Its Effect on Expression of the NorA and NorB Efflux Pumps of Staphylococcus aureus

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (10) ◽  
pp. 2525-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Que Chi Truong-Bolduc ◽  
David C. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Efflux Transporters ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Gel Shift

ABSTRACT MgrA is a global regulator in Staphylococcus aureus that controls the expression of diverse genes encoding virulence factors and multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux transporters. We identified pknB, which encodes the (Ser/Thr) kinase PknB, in the S. aureus genome. PknB was able to autophosphorylate as well as phosphorylate purified MgrA. We demonstrated that rsbU, which encodes a Ser/Thr phosphatase and is involved in the activation of the SigB regulon, was able to dephosphorylate MgrA-P but not PknB-P. Serines 110 and 113 of MgrA were found to be phosphorylated, and Ala substitutions at these positions resulted in reductions in the level of phosphorylation of MgrA. DNA gel shift binding assays using norA and norB promoters showed that MgrA-P was able to bind the norB promoter but not the norA promoter, a pattern which was the reverse of that for unphosphorylated MgrA. The double mutant MgrAS110A-S113A bound to the norA promoter but not the norB promoter. The double mutant led to a 2-fold decrease in norA transcripts and a 2-fold decrease in the MICs of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in strain RN6390. Thus, phosphorylation of MgrA results in loss of binding to the norA promoter, but with a gain of the ability to bind the norB promoter. Loss of the ability to phosphorylate MgrA by Ala substitution resulted in increased repression of norA expression and in reductions in susceptibilities to NorA substrates.

scholarly journals Occurrence ofBordetellaInfection in Pigs in Northern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Bhoj R. Singh ◽  
Monika Bhardwaj ◽  
Vidya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Almost All

Bordetella bronchisepticainfection causing atrophic rhinitis in pigs is reported from almost all countries. In the present study, occurrence ofBordetellainfection in apparently healthy pigs was determined in 392 pigs sampled to collect 358 serum samples and 316 nasal swabs from Northern India by conventional bacterioscopy, detection of antigen with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), and detection of antibodies with microagglutination test (MAT) and enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA).Bordetella bronchisepticacould be isolated from six (1.92%) nasal swabs. Although isolates varied significantly in their antimicrobial sensitivity, they had similar plasmid profile. The genus specific and species specific amplicons were detected from 8.2% and 4.4% nasal swabs using mPCR withalcgene (genus specific) andflagene andfim2 gene (species specific) primers, respectively. Observations revealed that there may be other bordetellae infecting pigs because about 50% of the samples positive using mPCR for genus specific amplicons failed to confirm presence ofB. bronchiseptica. Of the pig sera tested with MAT and ELISA forBordetellaantibodies, 67.6% and 86.3% samples, respectively, were positive. For antigen detection mPCR was more sensitive than conventional bacterioscopy while for detection of antibodies neither of the two tests (MAT and ELISA) had specificity in relation to antigen detection. Study indicated high prevalence of infection in swine herds in Northern India.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Yasser M. Ismail ◽  
Sahar M. Fayed ◽  
Fatma M. Elesawy ◽  
Nora Z Abd El-Halim ◽  
Ola S. El-Shimi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Genes Encoding

Background: The biggest concern for a burn team is a nosocomial infection in burn patients, which is a significant health issue. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an extremely troublesome drug-resistant bacterium in the world today. We are now faced with rising P. aeruginosa pan-drug-resistant clones in hospital settings. Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of different virulence factors generated by P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections, together with its antimicrobial susceptibility. Methodology: The isolates reported as P. aeruginosa were further tested for the presence of various phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors including (Biofilm formation, lipase, protease, gelatinase, DNase, bile esculin hydrolysis & hemolysin). Also, genes encoding (nan 1 and Exo A) were investigated by PCR using specific primers. All the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: The study reported that toxins and enzymes were expressed by the tested strains in varying proportions; (92.0%) were producing β-hemolysin, lipase (86%), and protease (86%). The formation of biofilm was observed in 84%. Exo A (70%) was the main virulence gene found in the tested strains. Nan 1 gene was identified in 30% of the samples. 82% of MDRPA isolates were found. There is indeed a relationship between biofilm production and drug resistance, as well as the presence of virulence genes (nan 1 and Exo A) were associated with certain patients and burn wounds characteristics as burn size, burn wound depth, length of hospital stays, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Correlation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence profiles with burn wounds and patient-related data can be useful in establishing of an appropriate preventive protocol for hospitalized patients with P. aeruginosa burn serious infections. The targeting of these bacterial virulence arsenals is also a promising approach to developing alternative drugs, which act by attenuating the aggressiveness of the pathogen and reducing its potential to cause vigorous infection.

scholarly journals A New Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for Detection of Phages, ICEs and Virulence Factors Encoded by Streptococcus pyogenes

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA L. BOREK ◽  
JOANNA WILEMSKA ◽  
RADOSŁAW IZDEBSKI ◽  
WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ ◽  
IZABELA SITKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a human pathogen that causes diseases of various intensity, from mild strep throat to life threatening invasive infections and postinfectional sequelae. S. pyogenes encodes multiple, often phage encoded, virulence factors and their presence is related to severity of the disease. Acquisition of mobile genetic elements, carrying virulence factors, as phages or ICEs (integrative and cojugative elements) has been shown previously to promote selection of virulent clones. We designed the system of eight low volume multi- and one singleplex PCR reactions to detect genes encoding twenty virulence factors (spd3, sdc, sdaB, sdaD, speB, spyCEP, scpA, mac, sic, speL, K, M, C, I, A, H, G, J, smeZ and ssa) and twenty one phage and ICE integration sites described so far for S. pyogenes. Classification of strains based on the phage and virulence factors absence or presence, correlates with PFGE MLST and emm typing results. We developed a novel, fast and cost effective system that can be used to detect GAS virulence factors. Moreover, this system may become an alternative and effective system to differentiate between GAS strains.

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