scholarly journals Formalization of Evidence: A Comparative Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Degree Of Belief ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
The One ◽  
New Evidence

Formalization of Evidence: A Comparative StudyThis article analyzes and compares several approaches of formalizing the notion of evidence in the context of general-purpose reasoning system. In each of these approaches, the notion of evidence is defined, and the evidence-based degree of belief is represented by a binary value, a number (such as a probability), or two numbers (such as an interval). The binary approaches provide simple ways to represent conclusive evidence, but cannot properly handle inconclusive evidence. The one-number approaches naturally represent inconclusive evidence as a degree of belief, but lack the information needed to revise this degree. It is argued that for systems opening to new evidence, each belief should at least have two numbers attached to indicate its evidential support. A few such approaches are discussed, including the approach used in NARS, which is designed according to the considerations of general-purpose intelligent systems, and provides novel solutions to several traditional problems on evidence.

A cognitive strategy for structuring space

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Vinod Goel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
World Model ◽  
Specific Strategy ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Reasoning Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Work

A spatial reasoning system must be able to represent and manipulate the location of objects in its world model. There are two general schemes for doing this—absolute symbolic schemes based on an independent coordinate system, and relative schemes which reference objects in relation to other objects of known location. This paper is concerned strictly with the latter.Given a relative scheme, there are several possible strategies for segmenting space. Two such strategies are identified and discussed. The first, called the situation-specific strategy is the one currently being explored and employed in most spatial reasoning systems. The second, here referred to as the general-purpose or cognitive strategy is the one used by the human cognitive system. It is suggested that while both strategies have outstanding strengths and weakness, the latter holds greater potential for achieving maximal coverage with minimal resources. The paper then proceeds to describe the structure of cognitive models of locative space and to specify how such models can be built from 3-D geometric models.This description is based on a cognitively motivated implementation called SEE-TELL. SEE-TELL takes as its input a 3-D geometric model and outputs a proposition of the form locative (referent, relatum). The function which maps the input to the output is a two part heuristic procedure. The first part determines the referent and relatum and the second part assigns the locative predicate. The system can assign the predicates on, right-of/left-of, and front-of/back-of. On and right-of/left-of are, respectively, illustrative of invariant and variant locatives. Front-of/back-of allows for a conflict between an ego/observer and a canonical object. These three situations are thought to cover the different classes of problems that can arise in assigning any locative.The paper concludes by summarizing the findings, identifying the shortcomings and limitations, and making suggestions for future work.

PENGARUH LATIHAN RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) AKTIF ASSITIF TERHADAP RENTANG GERAK SENDI PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI IMMOBILISASI FISIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Niken Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
Motion Exercise ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Active Training

Background: Elderly is the final stage of the human life cycle, that is part of the inevitable life process and will be experienced by every individual. At this stage the individual undergoes many changes both physically and mentally, especially setbacks in various functions and abilities he once had. Preliminary study in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Budhi Luhur Units there are 16 elderly who experience physical immobilization. In the social house has done various activities for the elderly are still active, but the elderly who experienced muscle weakness is not able to follow the exercise, so it needs to do ROM (Range Of Motion) exercise.   Objective: The general purpose of this research is to know the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Active Assitif training to increase the range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House of Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta unit Budhi Luhur.   Methode: This study was included in the type of pre-experiment, using the One Group Pretest Posttest design in which the range of motion of the joints before (pretest) and posttest (ROM) was performed  ROM. Subjects in this study were all elderly with impaired physical mobility in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur a number of 14 elderly people. Data analysis in this research use paired sample t-test statistic  Result: The result of this research shows that there is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.  Conclusion: There is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.

Liturgical Poetry in the Late Antique Near East

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophir Münz-Manor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Biblical Poetry ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
The One

The article presents a contemporary view of the study of piyyut, demonstrating that Jewish poetry of late antiquity (in Hebrew and Aramaic) was closely related to Christian liturgical poetry (both Syriac and Greek) and Samaritan liturgy. These relations were expressed primarily by common poetic and prosodic characteristics, derived on the one hand from ancient Semitic poetry (mainly biblical poetry), and on the other from innovations of the period. The significant connections of content between the different genres of poetry reveal the importance of comparative study. Thus the poetry composed in late antiquity provides additional evidence for the lively cultural dialogue that took place at that time.

Research on highly parallel embedded control system design and implementation method

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Masato Edahiro ◽  
Masaki Gondo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Architecture ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Powertrain Control ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Hardware Description ◽  
Many Core

The pace of technology's advancements is ever-increasing and intelligent systems, such as those found in robots and vehicles, have become larger and more complex. These intelligent systems have a heterogeneous structure, comprising a mixture of modules such as artificial intelligence (AI) and powertrain control modules that facilitate large-scale numerical calculation and real-time periodic processing functions. Information technology expert Professor Masato Edahiro, from the Graduate School of Informatics at the Nagoya University in Japan, explains that concurrent advances in semiconductor research have led to the miniaturisation of semiconductors, allowing a greater number of processors to be mounted on a single chip, increasing potential processing power. 'In addition to general-purpose processors such as CPUs, a mixture of multiple types of accelerators such as GPGPU and FPGA has evolved, producing a more complex and heterogeneous computer architecture,' he says. Edahiro and his partners have been working on the eMBP, a model-based parallelizer (MBP) that offers a mapping system as an efficient way of automatically generating parallel code for multi- and many-core systems. This ensures that once the hardware description is written, eMBP can bridge the gap between software and hardware to ensure that not only is an efficient ecosystem achieved for hardware vendors, but the need for different software vendors to adapt code for their particular platforms is also eliminated.

scholarly journals General Environment Description Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Zatwarnicki ◽  
Waldemar Pokuta ◽  
Anna Bryniarska ◽  
Anna Zatwarnicka ◽  
Andrzej Metelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Fields ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Description Language ◽  
It Systems ◽  
New Research ◽  
Future Work

Artificial intelligence has been developed since the beginning of IT systems. Today there are many AI techniques that are successfully applied. Most of the AI field is, however, concerned with the so-called “narrow AI” demonstrating intelligence only in specialized areas. There is a need to work on general AI solutions that would constitute a framework enabling the integration of already developed narrow solutions and contribute to solving general problems. In this work, we present a new language that potentially can become a base for building intelligent systems of general purpose in the future. This language is called the General Environment Description Language (GEDL). We present the motivation for our research based on the other works in the field. Furthermore, there is an overall description of the idea and basic definitions of elements of the language. We also present an example of the GEDL language usage in the JSON notation. The example shows how to store the knowledge and define the problem to be solved, and the solution to the problem itself. In the end, we present potential fields of application and future work. This article is an introduction to new research in the field of Artificial General Intelligence.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Uses of Honeybee Products in Lithuania: The First Analysis of Archival Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivile Pranskuniene ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene ◽  
Zenona Simaitiene ◽  
Andrius Pranskunas ◽  
Tauras Mekas
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Standardization Methods ◽  
Different Parts

Lithuania has old ethnomedicine traditions, consisting of many recipes with herbal, animal, and mineral original ingredients. All these findings were mostly collected in Lithuanian language, often in local community’s dialects, and stored only in archives. We analyzed archival sources about honeybee and its products used for medicinal purposes dated from 1886 till 1992 in different parts of Lithuania. We systematized and presented the most important information about bees and their products: indication for usage, ingredients used in the recipe, their preparation techniques, and application for therapeutic purposes. Researchers in Lithuania are now looking for new evidence based indications and preparation and standardization methods of bee products. Archival sources are a foundation for studies in Lithuania. The results can be integrated into scientifically approved folk medicine practices into today’s healthcare.

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