scholarly journals Role of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources in Improving Wheat Crop Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmad ◽  
M. Afzal ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
A.U.H. Ahmad ◽  
M.I. Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Nutrient Sources

Abstract Effects of organic manures on grain yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Minthar-03 were studied at (RARI) Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahawalpur, Pakistan, during 2010-2011 seasons in chemistry division. The present study have six treatments i.e. control, NPK=150-120-60 kg/ha, control, NPK= 150-120-60 kg/acre, NPK+ poultry manure 50 kg /acre, NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre, NPK + city compost 300 kg/acre, NPK + humic acid 4 kg/acre. Combinations of NPK + PM 50 kg/ha having high plant height (102.53) while number of (343) tillers/m2 was obtained high in combination with NPK + city compost 300 kg/ha which was at par with combination (NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre) having plant height 100.90. spike length, number of grains /spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield t/ha was 13.35 cm, 61.85, 40.60 grams and 3.14 t/ha respectively obtained in treatment (NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre). While minimum amount of plant height (94.80), number of tillers/m2 (223), spike length (10.35 cm), number of grains/spike (43.43), 1000 grains weight (35.33g), grain yield t/ha (38.41) was found in control where no dose of organic and inorganic fertilizer were applied.

scholarly journals Effects of Mono-Ammonium Phosphate and K-Humate Applications on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency of Bread Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Yossif ◽  
Sait Gezgin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Basic Reaction ◽  
Dry Conditions

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency. Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P0 and P17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P35 application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P35 application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.

scholarly journals Ekmeklik Buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) Farklı Ekim Sıklıklarının Verim ve Verim Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Ali Cevat Sonmez ◽  
Murat Olgun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Spike Number

In wheat cultivation, sowing frequency is one of the crucial agronomic applications affecting grain yield. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of application of different sowing frequency (350, 500, 650 and 800 seeds m-2) for bread wheat cultivars (Alpu 01, Atay 85, Bezostaja 1, Harmankaya 99, Sönmez 01 and Sultan 95) on yield and yield components. Trials was carried out in Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute Eskişehir central campus fields during at 2012-13 and 2013-14 crop seasons in irrigated and rain fed conditions with 3 replications in randomized complete blocks design. In this study, the factors such as grain yield, number of spike per square meter, spike length, number of grain per spike, weight of grain per spike and harvest index were examined in terms of sowing frequency applications and cultivars in both conditions. As a result, the maximum grain yield was obtained from 650 seeds m-2 in rainfed conditions and this value was obtained from the application 500 seeds m-2 in irrigated conditions. Harmankaya_99 variety reached the highest values in terms of grain yield in both conditions and followed this by Alpu01 variety. In both conditions spike length, number of grain per spike, weight of grain per spike and harvest index parameters decreased inversely with increasing sowing frequency, while the number of spike number per square meter increased in direct proportion to increased sowing frequency. In rainfed conditions while there was a positive correlation between the grain yield with number of spike per square meter and harvest index, there was negative correlation among grain yield with spike length, number of grain per spike and weight of grain per spike. There was found significant positive correlation between grain yield with spike length and harvest index in irrigated conditions.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat Varieties as Influenced by Foliar Potassium under Drought Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shah ◽  
A.Z. Khan ◽  
M. Numan ◽  
W. Ahmad ◽  
M. Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

AbstractWater stress experienced by a wheat crop during growth is recognized to have accumulative effect stated as a decline in total biomass over well water potential. The yield and nutrient uptake performance of two wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) varieties (Pirsabak-2013 and Atta Habib) to foliar feeding of 2% potassium (K) at three various growth phases (Zadoks GS-22, Zadoks GS-60 and Zadoks GS-73) was explored under water restricted environment in a wire house trial at the Agriculture Research Station, Harichand, Charsadda. The target was to find out the preeminent K application stage for enhancement in the drought tolerance potential. Drought stress was generated by suppression of irrigation at the three growth phases and then K was sprayed with the carboxymethyl cellulose as a sticking agent, however Tween-20 was used as a surfactant for foliar spray. Data about several agronomic characters (plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant) of crop were documented via standard techniques. Moreover, at maturity, aboveground nitrogen, phosphorus, K, sodium and calcium uptakes by the crop were determined. The results point out that drought stress at all three acute growth phases unfavorably affected plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and nutrient uptake of the wheat plant. The exogenous K application under drought stress at all three acute growth phases boosted tolerance of wheat by decreasing noxious nutrient’s uptake and augmenting the yield and yield characters. In this concerns, both varieties exposed undeviating behavior. Extreme enhancement in all the documented yield parameters and nutrients uptake was attained when K was practiced at grain filling stage of both varieties.

scholarly journals Genotype x environment interaction analysis of Triticum aestivum L. for yield components

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
İ. Öztürk ◽  
K.Z. Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract. Genotypes performance changes due to environmental pressures or stresses and differences in their ability to adapt to the stress factors. Drought is the main abiotic stress factor affecting bread wheat yield and yield component. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Trakia Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne (Turkey), in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, and 15 wheat genotypes were planted in RCBD in a split-plot with three replications. The main plots were assigned to five moisture regimes, which included 3 drought stress environments, one non-stress and one non-treatment environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to determine genotypes environment interaction. Grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, spike number per square meter, kernel and spikelet number per spike, length of spike and plant height were investigated. PCA indicated that the first (46.31%) and second (25.32%) components justified 71.63% of variations in the investigated yield parameters of the genotypes. Based on GGE biplot results, Kate A-1 and Tekirdağ genotypes were determined as the most stable cultivars for grain yield. Mean values of the genotypes varied between 3830-6583 kg ha-1 for grain yield, 20170-25394 kg ha-1 for biological yield, 68.6-110.9cm for plant height, 30.2-38.3 for kernel number in spike, 328.8-486.6 for spike number per square meter and 6.57-9.17cm for spike length. Clusters I and II were more clearly separated. In the first group of clusters 6 genotypes are located including one line and five cultivars. In the second group of clusters 8 genotypes are located including five advanced lines and four cultivars.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic variability, heritability and correlation for some quantitative traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
FMA Haydar ◽  
MS Ahamed ◽  
AB Siddique ◽  
GM Uddin ◽  
KL Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variations

Seventeen genotypes of wheat were used in this study the results showed significant differences in respect of yield and other yield contributing characters. Highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were observed in plant height and lowest values were observed in spike length in both cases.Heritability estimated was found to be high in case of grain yield/plant and this was followed by 100 grain weight. Significant positive correlation was found in plant height with number of fertile tillers/plant and grain yield/plant, fertile tillers/plant with spike length, spike length with grain yield and grain yield with 100 grain weight. Negative correlation was found in plant height with 100 grain weight. Plant height, fertile tillers/plant, spike length and 100 grain weight appeared to be the effective criteria for improvement of yield of wheat. J. bio-sci. 28: 81-86, 2020

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Character Associations for Yield and Its Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Pooran Chand ◽  
Ravi Singh Thapa ◽  
Tejbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Late Sowing

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) an important self-pollinated and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) cereal crop belongs to the grass family Gramineae (Poaceae). With the gradual increase in human population, there is a substantial increase in the demands for food requirements. Hence, increasing the wheat production is an important goal to overcome the demand of food. The only alternative is to increase productivity by better crop management techniques and introduction of high yielding varieties. The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity in wheat genotypes for further selection and utilization in breeding programmes and identification of transgressive segregants for genetic improvement in wheat crop. Methods: In the field investigation during 2017-2019, forty genotypes were evaluated at research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kisan P.G. College, Simbhaoli, Hapur (U.P). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected competitive plants from each genotype in each replication and recorded data from each replication was subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied in both environments (early and late). Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant and grain yield in both environments. Plant height, days to 50% heading and grain yield in early sowing and for plant height, gluten content and grain yield exhibited high heritability estimates in late sowing. Biological yield and harvest index showed positive and significant association with grain yield under both environments. Biological yield and harvest index have positive and direct effect on grain yield in both environments. Forty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters in early sowing and six clusters in late sowing. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and IV in early sowing and between cluster III and II in Late sowing. Genotypes PBW-34 showed wide genetic diversity in both the environments (early and late sowing). Based on the divergence studies it is suggested that maximum heterosis and good recombinants could be obtained in crosses between the genotypes of clusters which showed highest inter cluster distance and these genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement programmes.

scholarly journals Effects non-digested and anaerobically digested farmyard manures on wheat crop cultivated in desert soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abdallah Ahmed Abubaker ◽  
Nazar Elnesairy ◽  
Sanussi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Desert Soil ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
And Control

Digesting animal manure anaerobically before applying it as fertilizer may be affected crop production differently compared to non-digested particularly in desert soils. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate three non-digested (NDM) and digested (DM) farmyard manures (cattle, poultry, and sheep) and their combinations with urea on the wheat crop cultivated in desert soil. Fertilizers were applied at rates corresponding to 50, 150 and 250 kg Tot N ha<sup>-1</sup>. During the growing period, seed germination percentage (SGP), plant height, plant tillering percentage (PTP) and deficiency symptoms were assessed. Furthermore, total biomass yield and relative yields of ear, straw and root fractions were measured at harvest. Results showed that high application of DM reduced SGP significantly (p&lt;0.05), especially at the combination with urea. PTP was higher in non-digested manure treatments of sheep and poultry than DM, and also higher in digested cattle manure treatments than NDM, while it was zero in all urea treatments and control. Deficiency symptoms were seen in the treatments of low application rate as well as in all urea treatments and control. Plant height and biomass yield generally increased in NDM and DM treatments compared with urea treatments and the control. Beneficial of DM was seen in cattle and poultry manure treatments where they significantly (p&lt;0.05) yielded higher root, ears, and total biomass compared to NDM. However, non-digested sheep and poultry manure yielded higher straw biomass than DM. The combination of non-digested and digested manure with urea gave the maximum biomass yield, especially in combination with digested poultry manure.

Improving Soybean Production Using Light Supplementation at Field-Scale: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ernane M Lemes ◽  
Breno N R Azevedo ◽  
Matheus F I Domiciano ◽  
Samuel L Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Yield Responses

In modern agriculture, there is a growing need for increasing crop efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. The use of high-efficiency light supplementation to enhance plant development is limited for high-productive crops at field conditions (outdoor). This study evaluated the soybean plant’s yield responses in an open commercial area (field scale) cultivated under conditions of artificial light supplementation. A commercial irrigated (pivot) area received an illumination system for light supplementation (LS) in its inner pivot spans. About 40 hours of LS were applied to the plants during the soybean crop cycle. The area’s outer pivot spans did not receive light supplementation (nLS). The internode number, the plant height, the pods per plant were evaluated weekly to compute the area under the progress curve (AUPC). The grain yield at harvest was also assessed. The AUPC of the internode number, plant height and pods per plant were positively affected by the LS treatment. The regular soybean cycle (nLS) is about 17 weeks; however, the LS harvest occurred three weeks later. Light supplementation increased soybean grain yield by 57.3% and profitability by 180% when compared to nLS. Although light supplementation at field scale poses a challenge, it is now affordable since sustainable field resistant technologies are now available. The present study is the first known report of light supplementation used to improve soybean crop production at field scale.

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matome J. Mokgolo ◽  
Jestino Mzezewa ◽  
Jude J.O. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Cropping Season

The application of organic manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers is considered a good agricultural practice for smallholder farmers. However, the effect of organic manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its application rate and its chemical composition. A field experiment was carried out during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the University of Venda experimental farm (Limpopo Province, South Africa) to determine the effect of three organic manures (cattle, poultry and their 1:1 combination, 20 t/ha) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) performance, grain yield and selected soil properties under rainfed conditions. Poultry manure produced the highest final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration followed by cattle manure, their combination and the control in that order. Total nitrogen, calcium, and zinc were significantly different between treatments in the first season while potassium, sodium, and zinc were significantly different in the second season. Manure combination and poultry manure produced the highest organic carbon and available phosphorus, respectively, in both seasons compared to other treatments. Organic manure application had a significant (p less than 0.05) effect on dry matter, plant height and stem girth at all growth stages in the second cropping season but only in the flower bud stage for both parameters in the first season. Manure application in the second season resulted in an increase in the grain yield compared to the first season, except after application of poultry manure whereafter the grain yield decreased significantly by 168% from the first cropping season. The application of organic manure had a significant effect on sunflower grain yield, dry matter, head dry matter, plant height and stem girth throughout all growing stages in the second cropping season with poultry manure producing the best values.

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