Improving Soybean Production Using Light Supplementation at Field-Scale: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ernane M Lemes ◽  
Breno N R Azevedo ◽  
Matheus F I Domiciano ◽  
Samuel L Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Yield Responses

In modern agriculture, there is a growing need for increasing crop efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. The use of high-efficiency light supplementation to enhance plant development is limited for high-productive crops at field conditions (outdoor). This study evaluated the soybean plant’s yield responses in an open commercial area (field scale) cultivated under conditions of artificial light supplementation. A commercial irrigated (pivot) area received an illumination system for light supplementation (LS) in its inner pivot spans. About 40 hours of LS were applied to the plants during the soybean crop cycle. The area’s outer pivot spans did not receive light supplementation (nLS). The internode number, the plant height, the pods per plant were evaluated weekly to compute the area under the progress curve (AUPC). The grain yield at harvest was also assessed. The AUPC of the internode number, plant height and pods per plant were positively affected by the LS treatment. The regular soybean cycle (nLS) is about 17 weeks; however, the LS harvest occurred three weeks later. Light supplementation increased soybean grain yield by 57.3% and profitability by 180% when compared to nLS. Although light supplementation at field scale poses a challenge, it is now affordable since sustainable field resistant technologies are now available. The present study is the first known report of light supplementation used to improve soybean crop production at field scale.

scholarly journals Improving Soybean Production Using Light Supplementation at Field-Scale: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ernane M Lemes ◽  
Breno N R Azevedo ◽  
Matheus F I Domiciano ◽  
Samuel L Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Yield Responses

In modern agriculture, there is a growing need for increasing crop efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. The use of high-efficiency light supplementation to enhance plant development is limited for high-productive crops at field conditions (outdoor). This study evaluated the soybean plant’s yield responses in an open commercial area (field scale) cultivated under conditions of artificial light supplementation. A commercial irrigated (pivot) area received an illumination system for light supplementation (LS) in its inner pivot spans. About 40 hours of LS were applied to the plants during the soybean crop cycle. The area’s outer pivot spans did not receive light supplementation (nLS). The internode number, the plant height, the pods per plant were evaluated weekly to compute the area under the progress curve (AUPC). The grain yield at harvest was also assessed. The AUPC of the internode number, plant height and pods per plant were positively affected by the LS treatment. The regular soybean cycle (nLS) is about 17 weeks; however, the LS harvest occurred three weeks later. Light supplementation increased soybean grain yield by 57.3% and profitability by 180% when compared to nLS. Although light supplementation at field scale poses a challenge, it is now affordable since sustainable field resistant technologies are now available. The present study is the first known report of light supplementation used to improve soybean crop production at field scale.

scholarly journals Improving Soybean Production Under Light Supplementation at Field - A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernane Lemes ◽  
Breno Azevedo ◽  
Matheus Domiciano ◽  
Samuel Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract In modern agriculture, there is a growing need for cropping efficiency e low environmental impacts. Diverse technologies are becoming available in a recent wave of modernization and integration of knowledge. The use of high-efficiency light supplementation to plant development is scarce to high-productive crops at field conditions (outdoor). The objectives of this study were to evaluate soybean plant and yield responses in an open commercial area (field scale) cultivated with artificial light supplementation. A commercial irrigated (pivot) area received an illumination system for light supplementation (LS) in the inner pivot spans. The light applied was a composition of blue, green and red bands. The outer pivot spans did not receive light supplementation (nLS). About 40 hours of LS were applied to the plants during the soybean crop cycle. Internode number, plant height, pods per plant were weekly evaluated to compose the area under the progress curve (AUPC). The grain yield was also evaluated at harvest. Analysis of variance and test of averages were used to evaluate the data. The AUPC of the internode number, plant height and pods per plant were 15.6, 23.3 and 25.3% higher than for the LS treatment. The regular soybean cycle (nLS) was about 17 weeks; however, the harvest of the LS treatment happened three weeks later. The grain productivity of the nLS was about 4,500 kg ha-1 (75 bags), and of the LS treatment was about 7,080 kg ha-1 (118 bags) - 57.3% superior. Light supplementation at field scale is a challenge; however, affordable and field resistant technologies are now accessible. The present study is the first report of light supplementation used to improve soybean crop production at field scale. The possibility of using light regulation as an additional technique for increasing yields and sustainable production are also discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Livestock Manure, Nitrogen and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on Yield and Yield Components Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Esmailpour ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
A. Madani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Abstract Integrated nutrient management strategies involving chemical and biologic fertilizer is a real challenge to stop using the high rates of agrochemicals and to enhance sustainability of crop production. In order to study the effects of livestock manure, chemical nitrogen, and biologic (Azotobacter) fertilizers on yield and yield components of wheat, an agricultural experiment in the form of split factorial design with three replications was conducted in Elam region, Iran. The aim of this research was assessment of the effects of these fertilizers separately and in integrated forms; and setting out the best fertilizer mixture. The results showed that treatment with livestock manure, Azotobacter and chemical nitrogen increased plant height, biological and grain yield. Using livestock manure and Azotobacter increased biologic yield through increase in plant height which cause to increase in grain yield without any significant changes in harvest index and other yield components, but the use of chemical nitrogen caused an increase in plant height, No. of spikelete/spike, No. of grain/spike, one thousand grain weight and harvest index, biologic and grain yield. In the light of the results achieved, we may conclude that using livestock manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer together with the Azotobacter had the maximum impact on yield; and that we can decrease use of chemical fertilizers through using livestock manure and biologic fertilizers and to reach to the same yield when we use only chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilizer rate for improving inbred maize (Zea mays L.) yield on the semi-arid southern coast of Puerto Rico

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Johanie Rivera-Zayas ◽  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Ricardo Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Semi Arid

Nitrogen (N) is possibly the most limiting nutrient for crop production on the southern semi-arid coast of Puerto Rico. In efforts to improve inbred maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, fertilizer N is sometimes aggressively managed. In this paper, we report on the results of a field experiment that evaluated the effect of six rates of fertilizer N (0, 34, 68,102,135 and 203 kg N/ha) and of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Iron-clay), planted as a cover crop during the offseason, on inbred maize grain yield. The soil was Jacaguas series (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, isohyperthermic Fluventic Haplustolls) on the Dow Agrosciences experimental farm in Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Cowpea was planted on 13 July 2013 and incorporated into the soil on 20 September 2013. An inbred maize line was planted on 19 December 2013 and harvested on 19 March 2014 at a plant density of 51,645 plants per hectare. Irrigation was provided via drip system, and fertilizer N was applied at three different stages during the growing season: at emergence, 21 and 37 days after planting. Measurements of plant height, chlorophyll readings using SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker®, and leaf N concentration were used as indicators of treatment response and N sufficiency. The maximum grain yield of 2,918 kg/ha was attained with the fertilizer N rate of 68 kg N/ha. The cowpea cover crop rotation did not affect grain yield (P>0.05). Plant height, and measurements by SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker® provided adequate indicators of crop N sufficiency during the vegetative stages V6 to V12, with optimum values of 149 cm, 46, and 0.67 NDVI, respectively, 52 days after planting with an application of 68 kg N/ ha. Crop response to fertilizer N occurred at a lower rate than in previous studies and those occurring under conventional commercial conditions. Other factors related to fertilizer N management, such as sources, placement and timing of application might be as important for grain yield improvement of inbred maize.

A soil-based method to screen for zinc efficiency in seedlings and its ability to predict yield responses to zinc deficiency in mature plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Genc ◽  
G. K. McDonald ◽  
R. D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Efficiency ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Zn Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Nutrient efficiency measures the ability of a plant to grow and produce grain when the availability of a nutrient is low. Seedling tests for nutrient efficiency will be most useful if the results correlate well with grain yield responses. In two experiments, a diverse range of barley genotypes was screened for zinc (Zn) efficiency at the seedling stage and the relationship between vegetative and grain measures of Zn efficiency was examined. In Expt 1, 54 barley and 4 wheat genotypes were grown at 2 levels of Zn (0.02 and 0.8 mg/kg soil) for 21 days. Zinc efficiency ranged from 18% to 52%. The visual symptoms of Zn deficiency varied considerably between genotypes and was significantly correlated with Zn efficiency. Root:shoot ratio was increased by Zn deficiency and varied between genotypes, but these differences were not related to Zn efficiency. Zinc concentration and especially Zn content at 0.02 mg Zn/kg were significantly related to Zn efficiency. In Expt 2, 15 genotypes, selected on the basis of their response in Expt 1, were grown to maturity at either 0.1 mg Zn/kg or 2.4 mg Zn/kg. Zn efficiency, based on relative grain yield, ranged from 5% to 54%. High efficiency was associated with a large number of grains per plant and high kernel weight. Rankings of Zn efficiency in the experiment were significantly correlated with the rankings for visual scores in Expt 1. The 2 experiments suggested that deficiency symptoms at the seedling stage can identify efficient genotypes and could be useful for routine screening for Zn efficiency. Independent data from multisite comparisons over 8 years were used to examine the long-term performance of efficient and inefficient genotypes in the field. Hierarchical cluster was used to define efficient and inefficient groupings within the 56 genotypes examined in Expt 1, based on their responses to Zn. The Zn-efficient genotypes tended to yield more than the Zn-inefficient genotypes. The data provide prima facae evidence that high Zn efficiency may contribute to improved adaptation of barley in South Australia.

Maize grain yield responses to plant height variability resulting from crop rotation and tillage system in a long-term experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Boomsma ◽  
Judith B. Santini ◽  
Terry D. West ◽  
Jason C. Brewer ◽  
Lauren M. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Yield Responses

scholarly journals Evidence of the Interaction Between Crop Species and Organic Amendments: Modelling of the Differential Grain Yield Response of Wheat, Soybean, and Canola to Organic Amendments

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Nkoa ◽  
Boris Ondoua ◽  
Paul Voroney ◽  
James Tambong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Yield Responses

<p>Knowledge on the interaction between plants and organic amendments is critical for the basic understanding of agroecosystems sustainability. Organic amendments are of great interest in agriculture by virtue of their ability to restore lost soil organic carbon in eroded or conventionally cultivated soils. The major objective of this study was to demonstrate and model the differential response of crop species to organic amendments. Despite the potential of such an interaction to improve crop production, it has never been formally demonstrated in a planned experiment. A two-year greenhouse experiment set as 3×3×5 factorial in a strip-split plot design was conducted. The effects of crop species, type of organic amendment, and application rates on grain yield of soybean, canola, and wheat were evaluated. To account for the asymmetry of the concave responses of soybean, mathematical transcendental models were fitted, for the first time, to yield data.<em> </em>The interaction between crop species and amended soils was highly significant. Soybean displayed concave transcendental yield responses whereas canola and wheat exhibited negative exponential responses, irrespective of the type of amendment. Turkey compost outperformed turkey litter and beef manure by 30% and 52%, respectively, with respect to soybean production; whereas turkey litter outperformed turkey compost and beef manure by 144% and 264%, respectively, with respect to canola and wheat production. It is concluded that in greenhouse settings and perhaps field conditions, growth and development of crop species can be enhanced by matching the specific characteristics of organic amendments to the specific nutrients demand of crop species.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources in Improving Wheat Crop Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ahmad ◽  
M. Afzal ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
A.U.H. Ahmad ◽  
M.I. Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Nutrient Sources

Abstract Effects of organic manures on grain yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Minthar-03 were studied at (RARI) Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahawalpur, Pakistan, during 2010-2011 seasons in chemistry division. The present study have six treatments i.e. control, NPK=150-120-60 kg/ha, control, NPK= 150-120-60 kg/acre, NPK+ poultry manure 50 kg /acre, NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre, NPK + city compost 300 kg/acre, NPK + humic acid 4 kg/acre. Combinations of NPK + PM 50 kg/ha having high plant height (102.53) while number of (343) tillers/m2 was obtained high in combination with NPK + city compost 300 kg/ha which was at par with combination (NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre) having plant height 100.90. spike length, number of grains /spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield t/ha was 13.35 cm, 61.85, 40.60 grams and 3.14 t/ha respectively obtained in treatment (NPK + press mud 500 kg/acre). While minimum amount of plant height (94.80), number of tillers/m2 (223), spike length (10.35 cm), number of grains/spike (43.43), 1000 grains weight (35.33g), grain yield t/ha (38.41) was found in control where no dose of organic and inorganic fertilizer were applied.

scholarly journals Effects of genotype and bradyrhizobium inoculation on morphological traits, grain yield and protein content of soybean varieties

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-925
Author(s):  
Vladimir Miladinovic ◽  
Stefan Kolasinac ◽  
Ilinka Pecinar ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
Dragosav Mutavdzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
The Impact

Soybean crop production in Serbia involves seed inoculation by N-fixing bacteria just before sowing time. The main objective of the current work was to assess the impact of the genotype and inoculation on range of morphological and yield traits of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), as well as the total protein content. The experiment was conducted on chernozem soil, where soybean was previously grown. The six local varieties were used, where each variety was sown, in three replicates for both inoculated and non-inoculated treatment. The following morphological traits were analysed: the plant height, number of lateral branches, distance to the first pod, number of pods per plant, pods (containing seeds) weight per plant, seed weight per plant, and the total grain yield. The total protein content in seeds was determined by standard analytical method, while subtle differences in qualitative protein composition were assessed using Raman spectroscopy. The total protein content varied from 39.6 to 42.15 %. Performance of inoculation resulted in an increase of the plant height and the distance to the first pod, although not in all tested varieties. The highest and the lowest plant height values were observed for non-inoculated variety Dana (59.23cm) and Sava (80.03cm), respectively. The effect of genotype was much more expressed causing differences in almost all tested characters, except for the total protein content. However, Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed distinct discrimination among surveyed varieties, and differences between inoculated and non-inoculated plants in qualitative composition of seed proteins.

Study onGenetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

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