scholarly journals International Cooperation for the Belt and Road Initiative: Key Issues and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Liao Li
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

AbstractInternational Cooperation for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is of great significance to China and the other BRI countries. By the end of January 2020, China has signed 200 cooperation documents with 138 countries and 30 international organizations to build the “Belt and Road”. The BRI faces challenges from some Western and ASEAN countries, differences among the Belt and Road Countries, and also global emergency issues. In addition to grave threats to human life, the COVID-19 coronavirus carries serious risks for the global economy. In the implementation process of the BRI, it will inevitably encounter various trade and investment frictions, and it needs a long-term dispute settlement mechanism. In the post-epidemic era, we need to construct top-level design, accelerate further trade cooperation, promote China-ASEAN cooperation, strengthen China-African Cooperation, and jointly fight against the epidemic.

A New Multilateralism? A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-413
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Rule Setting ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
International Rule

Abstract The first five years (the first stage) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have drawn international attention and provoked scepticism and debate. This article explores questions about the nature of the BRI and its impact on multilateralism, which is increasingly fragile and under attack. After summarizing past practices employed in BRI investments, it analyses the characteristics of the BRI and assesses the results and implications. This article studies in depth one of the two primary BRI economic activities—special economic zones. The article introduces and compares the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Chinese domestic banks in their respective financing practices and compares state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in BRI practices. The article observes three characteristics from past BRI practices and analyzes their respective implications on the transformation of international trade governance. The first characteristic is the unconventional ‘infrastructure development first, institution next’ approach. The second is the plurilateral- and multilateral-focused method in international rule-setting processes. The third characteristic is innovation in the dispute settlement mechanism. Through a cautious examination, the article argues that experiences gained from BRI inform China’s international rule-making efforts and further its domestic trade liberalization reform agenda, which will likely contribute to the convergence of rule-making in international trade.

Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of Possible Effects on Nigeria’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20475-20182
Author(s):  
Ige Ayokunle O ◽  
Akingbesote A.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
R Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative is an important attempt by China to sustain its economic growth, by exploring new forms of international economic cooperation with new partners. Even though the B&R project is not the first attempt at international cooperation, it is considered as the best as it is open in nature and does not exclude interested countries. This review raised and answered three questions of how the B&R project will affect Nigeria’s economy?  How will it affect the relationship between Nigeria and China? What could go wrong?, The review concluded that Nigeria can only benefit positively from the project.

China’s Belt and Road Initiative with ASEAN Countries: Examining the Trade Cooperation and Impact of Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haniff Jedin ◽  
Zhang Meng Di
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Engineering Standards ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Building Program ◽  
The Belt And Road

The rising US–China tension in the global trade war increased the trade cooperation between China and the ASEAN. Consequently, China’s total import and export volume with ASEAN increased tremendously to 684.60 billion USD in 2020, up by 6.7% year on year. This trend is part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which promotes China’s infrastructure building program in the neighboring ASEAN countries and exports China’s technical know-how and engineering standards. However, the recent coronavirus outbreak that stormed China and the rest of the world caused delays to many BRI projects. Subsequently, this outbreak also hit the ASEAN countries and halted many of their mega-projects under the BRI framework. Thus, this study attempts to highlight the trade cooperation and project developments of BRI in the ASEAN countries. In addition, the study features the landscape of BRI projects that were affected by the coronavirus amongst the ASEAN countries.

We Should Push Countries along “Belt and Road Initiative” to Build Green Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850006
Author(s):  
Jingyan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
The People ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Building a green supply chain in the countries along the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) route will not only generate huge economic and ecological benefits, it will also profit people in these countries and encourage the people in these countries to identify with the BRI as well as advance the development of this Initiative. Therefore, this research suggests the Chinese government taking the lead in jointly building a green supply chain with countries along BRI after the “Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation” in July 2017.

scholarly journals Discussion on the Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Taiwanese Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Jui-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Frictions ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

When US President Donald Trump signed the Section 301 Investigation in March 2018, the Sino-US trade war intensified, exerting a great impact on the global economy. The Trump Administration recently has piled up the economic and trade pressure on China, while China seeks to resort to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and break the siege imposed by the trade war through the "Belt and Road Initiative". US launched a trade war against China due mainly to the huge trade deficit with China, and the trade frictions between the U.S. and China have caused turbulence on the Asian and global industrial chains. Therefore, by analyzing the recent trade conflicts between the U.S. and China and the responses given by both respectively, this paper explores the possible impact on Taiwan's manufacturing and its potential response.

scholarly journals International Cooperation of Ukraine Tourism based on “The Belt and Road Initiative”

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Zhang Lianfeng ◽  
◽  
Yurii Danko ◽  
Chen Zhuanqing ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Modern Technologies

The development of the tourism industry and the development of the country's economy as a whole complement each other, because an increase in the tourist attractiveness of the region and the number of tourists contribute to the development of the corresponding infrastructure - hotels, catering establishments, transport, roads. In addition, related sectors of agriculture and industry receive additional incentives for development. Along with the agriculture, tourism in Ukraine can become an engine of economic growth, because the country is quite interesting for both travelers and foreign investors. The purpose of this study is to assess the state of tourism development in Ukraine and substantiate the need for broader international cooperation in this area based on the use of the capabilities of the Belt and Road Initiative, formerly known as One Belt One Road. To confirm the hypothesis of the research, the authors use the provisions of the international cooperation theory, which is based on three questions: 1) what is the purpose of international cooperation? 2) What are the ways of international cooperation? 3) What is the value of international cooperation? The answers to these questions allowed the authors to substantiate the vision of the successful development of the tourism industry in Ukraine, taking into account its strengths and weaknesses. The priority steps for reforming the tourism industry in Ukraine have been identified. These steps involve state support, improvement and expansion of the range of tourist services, the introduction of modern technologies, and the adoption of the best practices of other countries. Tourism can become an effective tool for the dissemination of Ukrainian culture, economic growth in the country. Tourism will give an opportunity to represent Ukraine to the world, increasing the interest of foreign investors and encourage cooperation in international projects such as Belt and Road Initiative.

DOES THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE RESHAPE CHINA’S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN? SHIFTING MOTIVES OF STATE-OWNED AND PRIVATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
SHI JIN ◽  
HU XIAOHUI ◽  
LI YUNXIONG ◽  
FENG TAO
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Conditional Logit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

In recent years, China has been increasingly witnessed as a major global outward investor, especially since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. The question of whether and if yes how the BRI reshapes firm outward investment motives remains under-researched. Using a project-level database of China’s Outward Direct Investment from the Ministry of Commerce from 2010 to 2015, this paper investigates the changing investment motives of state-owned and private-owned enterprises (SOEs and POEs) before and after the implementation of the BRI in two periods, namely 2010–2013 and 2014–2015. Our conditional logit models show that (1) market-seeking is one of the key motives for both POEs and SOEs; (2) POEs pursued natural resources in ASEAN based on geographical and relational proximity in the pre-BRI period while SOEs are directed to exploit natural resources in ASEAN besides remoter destinations after the launch of the BRI; (3) POEs are risk-taking in both periods, which runs counter to conventional expectations. This can be explained by the long-term investment tradition of POEs in ASEAN in which POEs are attracted predominantly by socio-economic factors and often less sensitive to variegated host institutions among ASEAN countries and (4) the BRI promotes Chinese OFDI in ASEAN through increased senior leader visits and enhanced diplomatic relations.

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