scholarly journals Synthesis of activated carbon electrodes from date seeds with a variety of separators for supercapacitor cell applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Desmagrini Desmagrini ◽  
Awitdrus Awitdrus ◽  
Erman Taer ◽  
Rakhmawati Farma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Cyclic Voltametry ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Whatman Paper

Abstrak. Karbon aktif yang berasal dari biomassa telah menjadi bahan elektroda paling kompetitif untuk superkapasitor karena sifatnya yang terbarukan dan berkelanjutan. Upaya optimalisasi dilakukan untuk proses pembuatan sel superkapasitor dengan memvariasikan separator agar dapat memperoleh kapasitansi spesifik yang tinggi. Biomassa biji kurma sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan elektroda karbon melalui proses prakarbonisasi, aktivasi kimia dengan aktivator KOH 0,3M, proses karbonisasi dengan suhu 650oC dialiri gas nitrogen. Penyusutan massa karbon sebesar 24,59%. Nilai densitas dari elektroda karbon setelah dilakukan proses karbonisasi adalah 0,852 g cm-3. Analisis struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon bersifat amorf ditunjukkan dengan adanya puncak pada sudut 2θ sekitar 24o dan 44o. Kapasitansi spesifik ditentukan dengan metode Cyclic Voltametry dan didapati sebesar 217,22; 176,18; dan 82,8 F/g masing-masing untuk variasi separator kertas whatman, kertas saring, dan membran telur ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kertas whatman merupakan separator terbaik untuk elektroda karbon dari biji kurma. Oleh karena itu karbon aktif yang dibuat dari biji kurma dengan biaya rendah, ketersedian mudah, dan berkelanjutan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan elektroda untuk superkapasitor.Abstract. Activated carbon derived from biomass has become the most competitive electrode material for supercapacitors due to its renewable and sustainable nature. Optimization efforts are made for the process of making supercapacitor cells by varying the separator in order to obtain a high specific capacitance. Date seed biomass as the basic material for making carbon electrodes through a pre-carbonization process, chemical activation with a KOH activator of 0.3M, the carbonization process at a temperature of 650oC flowed with nitrogen gas. Shrinkage of carbon by 24.59%. The density value of the carbon electrode that was carried out by the carbonization process was 0.852 g.cm-3. The microstructure analysis showed that the carbon electrode was amorphous indicated by the presence of a peak at an angle of 2θ around 24o and 44o. Specific capacitance was determined by the Cyclic Voltametry method and was found to be 217.22, 176.18, and 82.8 F/g respectively for the Whatman paper, filter paper, and chicken egg membrane separator variations. The results showed that whatman paper was the best separator for carbon electrodes from date palm seeds. Therefore, activated carbon made from date seeds with low cost, easy availability, and sustainability can be applied as an electrode material for supercapacitors.Keywords: Date seed, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Carbon Electrode, Separator

scholarly journals Characterization of Physical Properties for Activated Carbon from Garlic Skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Miftah Ainul Mardiah ◽  
Awitdrus Awitdrus ◽  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Erman Taer
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Wave Numbers

Abstrak. Karbon aktif yang berasal dari biomassa telah menjadi bahan material dasar yang sudah digunakan secara luas untuk berbagai aplikasi eperti penyerapan, absorben, elektroda, penyimpan energi, dan aplikasi lainnya. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk pengoptimalkan sumber mentah karbon aktif berbiaya rendah dan memiliki porositas yang tinggi.  Biomassa kulit bawang putih sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan karbon aktif melalui proses pra-karbonisasi, aktivasi kimia dengan aktivator KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan masing-masing kosentrasi sebesar 0,25 M, 0,5 M, dan 0,75 M dan tanpa aktivator kimia. Proses karbonisasi dengan suhu 600°C dialiri gas nitrogen dan diaktivasi fisika dengan suhu 850°C. Penyusutan massa karbon sebesar 29,4%. Nilai densitas dari elektroda karbon untuk aktivator KOH dengan kosentrasi 0,5M yaitu 0,64 g.cm-3dan untuk aktivator ZnCl2 dengan kosentrasi 0,5M yaitu 0,71 g.cm-3. Gugus fungsi yang dimiliki elektroda kulit bawang putih diidentifikasi sebagai C-C, C C (alkuna), C-H (alkana), dan (O-H) yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 1600 cm-1, 1500 cm-1, 2950 cm-1 dan 2900-3600 cm-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aktivator KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan kosentrasi 0,5 M kondisi terbaik untuk variasi guna menunjang pengoptimalkan sumber mentah karbon aktif dan bisa digunakan dalam berbagai apliasi yang lebih luas. Abstract. Activated carbon derived from biomass has become a basic material that has been used widely for various applications such as absorption, absorbent, electrodes, energy storage, and other applications. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the raw source of activated carbon which is low cost and has high porosity. Garlic skin biomass as a basic material for making activated carbon through a pre-carbonization process, chemical activation with KOH and ZnCl2 activators with concentrations of 0,25 M, 0,5 M, and 0,75 M respectively and without chemical activators. The carbonization process with a temperature of 600°C is flowed with nitrogen gas and is physically activated at a temperature of 850°C. Shrinkage of carbon by 29.4%. The density value of the carbon electrode for the KOH activator with a concentration of 0.5M is 0.64 g.cm-3 and for the ZnCl2 activator with a concentration of 0,5M is 0,71 g.cm-3. The functional groups possessed by the garlic skin electrode were identified as C-C, C = C (alkynes), C-H (alkanes), and (O-H), namely at the wave numbers 1600 cm-1, 1500 cm-1, 2950 cm-1 and 2900-3600 cm-1. The results showed that the KOH and ZnCl2 activators with a concentration of 0.5 M were the best conditions for variation in order to optimize the raw source of activated carbon and could be used in a wider variety of applications.

Research Progress on Binder of Activated Carbon Electrode

2012 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 780-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Zhang ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Ting Li
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Sulfosuccinic Acid

The activated carbon electrode has been widely used as an electrode material in capacitive deionization (CDI). The binder of activated carbon electrode has important influence on the electrochemical properties and structures of the electrodes. The effect of binder on the conductivity and capacitance of the electrodes is discussed in this article. And the structures characteristics of electrodes by adding different kinds of binder are summarized. The electrodes have higher capacitance and specific surface using polyvinylalochol (PVA) and sulfosuccinic-acid (SSA) as hydrophilic binder, comparing with hydrophobic binders include phenolicresin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). Therefore, activated carbon electrodes consisted by PVA and SSA are expected to become the future hot spot. The study of this paper has special significance to the choice and application of the binder in capacitive deionization.

Surface Oxidation Modification and Performance of Activated Carbon Electrode Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3456-3458
Author(s):  
Ren Qing Wang ◽  
Mei Gen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Constant Current Charge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Double Layer Capacitors

Superscript text Commercial activated carbon was modified by surface treatment using nitric acid, The modified carbons were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The resultant carbon electrode-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)were assembled with 1 mol/L （NH4）2SO4 as the electrolyte. The influence of introduced functional groups, such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, on the performance of EDLCs was studied by Constant current charge-discharge. These functional groups significantly improved the wettability of AC. As a result, the specific capacitance of the carbon modified with 40wt.%HNO3 achieved a specific capacitance of 223.45 F/g at a current density of 5mA/cm2, which is 100.9% higher than that of original AC.

Modified polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers applied in supercapacitor

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjie Su ◽  
Bohong Li ◽  
Dongyu Zhao ◽  
Chuanli Qin ◽  
Zheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new modified activated carbon fibers (ACFs) of high specific capacitance used for electrode material of supercapacitor. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the specific capacitance of ACF was significantly increased by using the phenolic resin microspheres and melamine as modifiers to prepare modified PAN-based activated carbon fibers (MACFs) via electrospinning, pre-oxidation and carbonization. The symmetrical supercapacitor (using MACF as electrode) and hybrid supercapacitor (using MACF and activated carbon as electrodes) were tested in term of electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance and cycle stability test. Findings It was found that the specific capacitance value of the modified fibers were increased to 167 Fg-1 by adding modifiers (i.e. 20 wt.% microspheres and 15 wt.% melamine) compared to that of unmodified fibers (86.17 Fg-1). Specific capacitance of modified electrode material had little degradation over 10,000 cycles. This result can be attributed to that the modifiers embedded into the fibers changed the original morphology and enhanced the specific surface area of the fibers. Originality/value The modified ACFs in our study had high specific surface area and significantly high specific capacitance, which can be applied as efficient and environmental absorbent, and advanced electrode material of supercapacitor.

Electrosorptive Deionization Based on Activated Carbon Capacitor Prepared from Bamboo Char

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Dan Zuo ◽  
Su Li Guo ◽  
Zhong Cao ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Direct Voltage

A kind of bamboo char with high specific surface area has been studied as the absorption material of the activated carbon electrodes, and the electrosorptive deionization ability of the as-obtained electrodes for elimination of metal ions in tap water has been examined under certain direct voltage. The effects of the distance between the elect rode plates, and the numbers of the electrode plates have been investigated in detail. The results show that the electrodes exhibit the optimal deionization ability over 2 cm of distance between the electrode plates and 4 couples of the elect rode plates. The reverse wash treatment indicates that the activated carbon electrodes can be cycle used. The efficiency order of the electrosorptive deionization of different metal ions on the activated carbon electrode has been summarized as follows: Pb2+＞Cu2+＞Cr3+＞Cd2+.

Self-assembled fullerene additives for boosting the capacity of activated carbon electrodes in supercapacitors

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (78) ◽  
pp. 63834-63838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sridhar ◽  
Kaushik Balakrishnan ◽  
Tony J. Gnanaprakasa ◽  
Srini Raghavan ◽  
Krishna Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
Self Assembled

Self-assembled fullerene additives at minor weight fractions (∼1 wt%) are shown to improve the specific capacity of activated carbon electrode based supercapacitors significantly, while simultaneously increasing the maximum power density.

scholarly journals Effect of carbonized temperature to supercapacitor electrode from palm midrib biomass

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Melda Oktaviandari ◽  
Vepy Asyana
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Microstructure Characterization ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Initial Preparation

Abstrak. Elektroda merupakan salah satu komponen yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja sel superkapasitor. Pada penelitian ini elektroda karbon berasal dari limbah biomassa pelepah nipah. Persiapan awal dimulai dari proses prakarbonisasi pada suhu 200˚C dan selanjutnya diaktivasi secara kimia menggunakan KOH sebagai aktivator dengan konsentrasi 1M. Serbuk karbon aktif diubah menjadi bentuk monolit menggunakan Hydrolic press dan kemudian diikuti oleh proses karbonisasi pada suhu 650, 700 dan 750˚C, kemudian diaktivasi fisika dengan mengalirkan gas CO2 pada suhu 900˚C. Karakterisasi sifat fisis elektroda karbon menunjukkan bahwa densitas sampel PN650 yang dikarbonisasi pada suhu 650˚C memiliki nilai densitas paling rendah. Karakterisasi struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon memiliki struktur semikristalin yang ditandai dengan kehadiran puncak (002) dan (100) pada sudut 2θ sekitar 24˚ dan 43˚. Hasil karakterisasi struktur mikro juga menunjukkan bahwa sampel PN650 memiliki nilai Lc tertinggi yaitu sebesar 7,947 nm. Analisa sifat elektrokimia menunjukkan bahwa sampel PN650 mempunyai nilai kapasitansi terbesar yaitu 223,55 F/g. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu 650˚C merupakan suhu terbaik dalam proses pembuatan elektroda karbon dari pelepah nipah untuk diaplikasikan sebagai elektroda sel superkapasitor.Abstract. The electrode is one of the components that can increase the supercapacitor cell performance. In this research, the carbon electrode derives from waste of palm midrib biomass. Initial preparation was started from the pre carbonization process at 200˚C and then was chemically activated using KOH as an activator with a concentration of 1M. The activated carbon powder was converted into a monolith form using a hydraulic press and then was followed by carbonization process at 650, 700 and 750˚C, then physical activation by flowing CO2 at 900˚C. Characterization of the physical properties of the carbon electrode showed that the density of the PN650 sample carbonized at 650°C had the lowest density value. Microstructure characterization indicated that the carbon electrode had a semi crystalline structure, it was characterized by the presence of peaks (002) and (100) at an angle of 2θ around 24˚ and 43˚. The results of the microstructure characterization also showed that the PN650 sample had the highest Lc value of 7.947 nm. Analysis of electrochemical properties showed that the PN650 sample had the largest capacitance value of 223.55 F/g. It can be concluded that 650˚C was the best temperature in the process of making carbon electrodes from palm leaf midrib to be applied as supercapacitor cell electrodes.Keywords: Ketaping, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Activator, Capacitance.

scholarly journals Removal of Thorium from industrial waste via electrosorption technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 785 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Eli Syafiqah Aziman ◽  
Aznan Fazli Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Actual Wastewater ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract Activated carbon electrode has been tested as a potential sorbent for removal of Th ions from the actual wastewater sampel by electrosorption technique. The objective of this research is to investigate the performance of activated carbon electrode for remediation of real thorium sample. Adsorption of thorium ion by activated carbon electrodes was investigated with contact time up to 180 minutes by using positive potential at 0.2V (vs. Ag/AgCl), 0.4V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and 0.6v (vs. Ag/AgCl). Result shows that the condition has the highest percentage of thorium ion removal is at 0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl) with highest specific capacity at 0.5 mg Th/g Carbon. Based on this research, the removal of thorium through electrosorption technique has the tendency to remove thorium ion and parameter such as contact time of electrosorption and voltage applied should be studied in more depth, where the removal of thorium is expected to increase.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU AKTIVASI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN ELEKTROKIMIA ELEKTRODA SUPERKAPASITOR DARI LIMBAH DAUN AKASIA (Acacia mangium Wild)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kristin Natalia ◽  
Erman Taer
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Activating Agent

The carbon electrode from acacia leaves (Acacia mangium Wild) for supercapacitor cell has been fabricated with physical activation temperature variations of 800oC, 850oC, and 900oC for the AK800, AK850 and AK900 samples respectively. Carbon electrodes were carbonized at a temperature of 600oC followed by physical activation in CO2 gas atmosphere. The KOH is use as an activating agent. The results of physical properties characterization show the higher physical activation temperature cause lower density data and smaller pore size of the particles. The EDX data shows an increasing in the carbon content. The best specific capacitance was found in AK900 as high as 76 g F-1 and the lowest specific capacitance is found in AK800 as high as 12,4 g F-1. Specific capacitance increases with increasing physical activation temperature.

scholarly journals Production of Activated Carbon Electrode for Energy Storage Application in Supercapacitors via KOH Activation of Waste Termite Biomass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Mong Kalu-Uka ◽  
Shubham Kumar ◽  
Abraham Chinedu Kalu-Uka ◽  
Shruti Vikram ◽  
Gina Odochi Ihekweme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Xps Characterization ◽  
One Step

Abstract The devastating effects of termites on wood and the contribution of termite activities to the rising levels of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 constitute a serious threat to global economy and the ozone layer. In order to stall the contribution of termites to the rising levels of greenhouse gases, this work considers the conversion of termite biomass to activated carbon electrode. The waste termite biomass obtained during the production of termite biodiesel was converted to activated carbon electrode by a one-step carbonization-activation process, using potassium hydroxide as activating agent. The optimal specific surface area of the activated carbon was recorded at 900 oC, 9 h and 3:1 KOH-biomass ratio. The surface morphology and functionalization of the activated carbon were examined using the SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and XPS characterization techniques. The electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrode was tested in aqueous (1 M H2SO4) and ionic liquid (1 M EMImBF4) electrolytes. Results obtained from cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance experiments showed that the specific capacitance of the activated carbon electrode was higher in 1 M H2SO4 (78 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1) than in 1 M EMImBF4 (53 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1). However, after completing 10, 000 chare-discharge cycles at 10 Ag-1, the activated carbon electrode lost ~ 5% of its specific capacitance in 1 M H2SO4 and ~ 2% of its capacitance in 1 M EMImBF4. Overall, the results showed that waste termite biomass could be valorised in the production of activated carbon for energy storage in supercapacitors.

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