scholarly journals Production of Activated Carbon Electrode for Energy Storage Application in Supercapacitors via KOH Activation of Waste Termite Biomass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Mong Kalu-Uka ◽  
Shubham Kumar ◽  
Abraham Chinedu Kalu-Uka ◽  
Shruti Vikram ◽  
Gina Odochi Ihekweme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Xps Characterization ◽  
One Step

Abstract The devastating effects of termites on wood and the contribution of termite activities to the rising levels of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 constitute a serious threat to global economy and the ozone layer. In order to stall the contribution of termites to the rising levels of greenhouse gases, this work considers the conversion of termite biomass to activated carbon electrode. The waste termite biomass obtained during the production of termite biodiesel was converted to activated carbon electrode by a one-step carbonization-activation process, using potassium hydroxide as activating agent. The optimal specific surface area of the activated carbon was recorded at 900 oC, 9 h and 3:1 KOH-biomass ratio. The surface morphology and functionalization of the activated carbon were examined using the SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and XPS characterization techniques. The electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrode was tested in aqueous (1 M H2SO4) and ionic liquid (1 M EMImBF4) electrolytes. Results obtained from cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance experiments showed that the specific capacitance of the activated carbon electrode was higher in 1 M H2SO4 (78 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1) than in 1 M EMImBF4 (53 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1). However, after completing 10, 000 chare-discharge cycles at 10 Ag-1, the activated carbon electrode lost ~ 5% of its specific capacitance in 1 M H2SO4 and ~ 2% of its capacitance in 1 M EMImBF4. Overall, the results showed that waste termite biomass could be valorised in the production of activated carbon for energy storage in supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Production of Activated Carbon Electrode for Energy Storage Application in Supercapacitors via KOH Activation of Waste Termite Biomass

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Mong Kalu-Uka ◽  
Shubham Kumar ◽  
Abraham Chinedu Kalu-Uka ◽  
Shruti Vikram ◽  
Gina Odochi Ihekweme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Energy Storage Application

Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell by Using Microwave-Induced KOH Activation Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I.M. Nayai ◽  
Khudzir Ismail ◽  
Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak ◽  
N. Zaharudin ◽  
Wan Izhan Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Impregnation Ratio

Coconut shell-based activated carbon (CSAc) was prepared by chemical activation method using microwave-induced KOH technique. The activation process was successfully carried out with varying microwave power ranging from 100 to 1000 W and impregnation ratio of 1.0 to 3.0. The surface area, pore sizes, surface morphology and specific capacitance of the produced activated carbon were analyzed by using an automatic quantachrome instrument (Autosorb1C) volumetric sorption analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and automatic battery cycler. The optimum activation power and impregnation ratio were found at 600 W and 1.5, respectively. The resulted product, C3 has maximum surface area and specific capacitance value of 1768.8 m2 g-1 and 156.33 F g-1 respectively, with carbon yield of 58 %.

scholarly journals Development of Activated Carbon Using One Step Carbonization and Activation Reaction by Polymer Blend Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manocha ◽  
Parth Joshi ◽  
Amit Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amiya Banerjee ◽  
Snehasis Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step

In the present work, a one step carbon activation process was developed by stabilized poly-blend. It is carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere and activated in steam in one step for known interval of times to enhance the surface area and develop interconnected porosity. The weight-loss behavior during steam activation of stabilized poly-blend at different temperatures, surface area and pore size distribution were studied to identify the optimum synthesis parameters. The results of surface characteristics were compared with those of activated carbon prepared by carbonization and activation in two steps. It was found that activation temperature has profound effect on surface characteristics. As activation temperature was raised from 800 °C to 1150 °C, surface area of activated carbon increased about three times. In addition to surface area, average pore diameter also increases with increasing activation temperature. Thus, activated carbon with high percentage of porosity and surface area can be developed by controlling the activation temperature during activation process.

Surface Oxidation Modification and Performance of Activated Carbon Electrode Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3456-3458
Author(s):  
Ren Qing Wang ◽  
Mei Gen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Constant Current Charge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Double Layer Capacitors

Superscript text Commercial activated carbon was modified by surface treatment using nitric acid, The modified carbons were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The resultant carbon electrode-based electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)were assembled with 1 mol/L （NH4）2SO4 as the electrolyte. The influence of introduced functional groups, such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, on the performance of EDLCs was studied by Constant current charge-discharge. These functional groups significantly improved the wettability of AC. As a result, the specific capacitance of the carbon modified with 40wt.%HNO3 achieved a specific capacitance of 223.45 F/g at a current density of 5mA/cm2, which is 100.9% higher than that of original AC.

scholarly journals Waste phenolic resin derived activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation and application to dye wastewater treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhai Hu ◽  
Song Cheng ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Dye Wastewater

Abstract The waste phenolic resin was utilized as the raw material to prepare activated carbon (AC) used KOH as the activating agent via microwave heating. The phenolic resin was carbonized at 500°C and then performed with a KOH/Char ratio of 4 and microwave power of 700 W for a duration of 15 min. The physic-chemical characteristics of the AC were characterized by N2 adsorption instrument, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The BET surface area and pore volume of AC were found to be 4269 m2/g and 2.396 ml/g, respectively. The activation process to generate such a phenomenally high surface area of the AC has little reported in open literatures and could pave way for preparation adsorbents that are far superior to the currently marketed adsorbents. The methylene blue (MB) was used as the model to assess its suitability to dye wastewater treatment. Towards this, the MB adsorption isotherms were conducted at three different temperatures and tested with different adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption isotherms could be modeled using Langmuir isotherm. While the kinetics could be used the pseudo-second order kinetics to describe. Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous, as well as an endothermic.

scholarly journals Optimizing the route for production of activated carbon from Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 171578 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ravichandran ◽  
P. Sugumaran ◽  
S. Seshadri ◽  
Altaf H. Basta
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
American Water Work Association ◽  
One Step

This work deals with optimizing the conditions of pyrolysis and type of activator to upgrade the use of Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste (CFW) as available and a potential precursor, in production of activated carbon (AC). In this respect, the route of activation was carried out through one- and two-step pyrolysis processes, using different chemical activating agents, such as H 3 PO 4 , KOH and ZnCl 2 . The performance of the CFW-based ACs is assessed by estimating the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density and hardness), surface morphology and scanning electron microscopy, together with carbon yield, surface area and adsorption performance of pollutants in aqueous medium (methylene blue, iodine and molasses colour removal efficiencies). The results show that the two-step activation process was more effective than one-step activation for providing high adsorption performance CFW-based ACs. The maximum Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area 547.89 m 2  g −1 was produced by using H 3 PO 4 activating agents, and applied two-step pyrolysis. According to the American Water Work Association and based on bulk density of the investigated ACs, we recommend that most of produced ACs are suitable for treating waste water.

Microwave-assisted one-step preparation of macadamia nut shell-based activated carbon for efficient adsorption of Reactive Blue

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (24) ◽  
pp. 15373-15383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Du ◽  
Yongtao Xue ◽  
Zhansheng Wu ◽  
Zhilin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Macadamia Nut ◽  
One Step

In this work, macadamia nut shell-based activated carbon (MNSAC) was prepared using macadamia nut shells (MNS) through KOH activation under microwave radiation.

scholarly journals Study of activated carbon characteristic from ketaping fruit shell (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapasitors electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rahma Joni ◽  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
Hermansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

Studi karakteristik karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (Terminalia Catappa) sebagai elektroda superkapasitor telah diteliti. Karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (CBK) disiapkan dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400oC dan Proses aktivasi KOH pada suhu 800oC di bawah aliran gas N2. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 97,52%. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki struktur amorf dengan dua buah puncak yang lebar pada sudut 2θ yaitu 24,93o dan 42,93o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Karbon aktif CBK yang dihasilkan memiliki pola serapan dengan jenis ikatan OH, C-H, C=O, dan C=C. Adanya ikatan OH dan C=O menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif yang dihasilkan cenderung bersifat lebih polar. Morfologi permukaan karbon aktif CBK menunjukan distribusi ukuran pori yang merata dan luas permukaan yang besar. Luas permukaan spesifik karbon aktif dari CBK adalah 799,892 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori 0,080 cm3×g-1 dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,9072 nm. Kapasitansi spesifik dari karbon aktif dari CBK adalah sebesar 125,446 F×g-1. Studies on the characteristics of activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapacitor electrodes have been studied. Activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (KFS) prepared by carbonization process at 400oC and the KOH activation process is carried out at 800oC under N2 gas flow. Activated carbon KFS has a carbon content with 97.52% of atomic mass. Activated carbon KFS has an amorphous structure with two wide peaks at an angle of 2θ 24.93ᵒ and 42.93ᵒ corresponding to the plane (002) and (100). Activated carbon KFS produced has an absorption pattern with OH, C-H, C = O, and C = C bond types. The presence of OH and C = O bonds indicates that the activated charcoal produced tends to be more polar. The surface morphology of activated carbon KFS shows an even distribution of pore size and large surface area. The specific surface area of activated carbon KFS is 799.892 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume 0.080 cm3×g-1 and an average pore radius of 1.9072 nm. The specific capacitance value of activated carbon KFS is 125.444 F×g-1.Keywords: Ketaping, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Activator, Capacitance. 

scholarly journals Comparative laboratory cost analysis of various activated carbon activation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
J Y Lai ◽  
L H Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) is an established adsorbent for organic pollutants reduction, metal removal, and liquid and gas adsorption. Cost analysis corresponds to determining the best approach for AC production depending on activation techniques with different degrees of activation is still minimal in literature. A cost estimation of AC production in laboratory scale using different conventional activation and post-activation surface modification process is performed in this study. This study attempts to develop a cost-friendly selection of activation process from laboratory scale prices. Chemicals and utility costs were acquired from vendor quotes (i.e., Sigma-Aldrich and Fisher Scientific) and Sarawak industrial electricity tariffs based on 100 g production. Oil palm-based ACs produced from five different activation or surface modification methods were compared to ascertain the least expensive production approach in terms of estimated production cost. Of the five methods investigated, method that quoted the least expensive production cost is chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) with minimum estimated cost of $7.30 whereas the most expensive production cost involves surface modification by polyethyleneimine (PEI) impregnation with cost of $873.00. Therefore, the estimated production cost for KOH activation is the minimum at $0.073 g−1 while the maximum is $8.73 g−1 for PEI impregnation.

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