scholarly journals SABANA DI JAWA BALI LOMBOK SERTA KEKUNOAN SABANA BALURAN (Sabana in Java Bali Lombk and Ancient of Baluran Sabana)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Sutomo ◽  
Eddie van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

Savanna is a type of ecosystem in the lowlands or highlands, where the community consists of several trees that are spread unevenly and the lower layers are dominated by grasses. Savanna is very common in very dry areas in Nusa Tenggara. However, in some places in Java, Savanna can also be found. The widest Savanna in Java is Savanna in Baluran National Park, East Java. Information about the occurrence and formation (composition of vegetation) of Savanna in Indonesia, especially in wet areas, such as Java, Bali and Lombok, is still very rare. This paper compares and distinguishes the characteristics of vegetation from four Savanna (Java - Bali - Lombok) in the ‘wet’ area ‘which has a higher rainfall than the eastern region where savanna is more common in the Indonesian archipelago, to find out what the vegetation features are like can tell us about the origin, maintenance and age of this savanna. The results of this study indicate there are different gradients in elevation (along with related climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall) and fire regimes associated with floristic composition in Savanna Java, Bali and Lombok. Each Savanna is characterized by a variety of different woody and grass species, where Invasive Alien Species (IAS), such as Acacia nilotica, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata, are very important in distinguishing between Savanna and other savannas? The characteristics of the species from Savanna Baluran indicate that this ecosystem may be an old Savanna, while other Savanna may be newly formed and their existence is maintained by fire or fire. ABSTRAKSabana adalah tipe ekosistem di dataran rendah atau dataran tinggi yang komunitasnya terdiri atas beberapa pohon yang tersebar tidak merata dan lapisan bawahnya didominasi oleh suku rumput-rumputan. Sabana sangat umum dijumpai di wilayah yang sangat kering di Nusa Tenggara. Meskipun demikian, di beberapa tempat di Pulau Jawa juga dapat dijumpai sabana. Sabana terluas di Pulau Jawa adalah sabana di Taman Nasional Baluran, Jawa Timur. Informasi tentang bagaimana terjadinya serta formasi (komposisi vegetasi) sabana di Indonesia, terutama di daerah basah, seperti Jawa, Bali, dan Lombok, masih sangat jarang. Makalah ini membandingkan dan membedakan karakteristik vegetasi antara empat sabana daerah ‘basah’ di Jawa, Bali, dan Lombok yang memiliki curah hujan lebih tinggi dibanding sabana di kawasan timur Kepulauan Indonesia. Perbandingan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui fitur vegetasi yang memuat informasi tentang asal-usul, pemeliharaan (maintenance), dan usia sabana ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat gradien yang berbeda dalam hal elevasi (bersama dengan faktor iklim terkait, seperti suhu dan curah hujan) dan rezim api terkait dengan komposisi floristik di sabana Jawa, Bali, dan Lombok. Setiap sabana dicirikan oleh berbagai spesies berkayu dan rumput yang berbeda yang di dalamnya Invasive Alien Species (IAS), seperti Acacia nilotica, Lantana camara, dan Chromolaena odorata, menjadi jenis yang sangat penting untuk membedakan antara sabana dan sabana yang lain. Karakteristik spesies sabana Baluran menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem ini mungkin merupakan sabana tua, sedangkan sabana yang lain mungkin baru terbentuk dan keberadaannya tetap terpelihara oleh adanya api atau kebakaran.

Genetic Divergence among Populations of Invasive Alien Species Lantana camara L. from Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
SAILA KABIR ◽  
MD ABUL KASHEM ◽  
MOHAMMAD ZABED HOSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Genetic Clustering

Lantana camara L., a well-known invasive alien species causing invasion and posing threat to native plant species community in different regions of Bangladesh. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of L. camara populations in different regions of Bangladesh. Eight RAPD markers were used in order to probe into its genetic variability. Total number of bands (202), polymorphic loci (104), per-centage of polymorphism (97.20%), average Shanon’s information index (0.3051±0.115), Nei’s gene diversity (0.4733±0.144) was found and in different populations and multiple divergent genetic clustering along with presence of unique alleles (4) for RAPD revealed high genetic diversity among the populations of L. camara in different regions of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES ON BIODIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE IN MORNI HILLS OF WESTERN HIMALAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Chandra ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dhakad
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

Species diversity, especially in forests, is one of the most important indices used to evaluate forest productivity, sustainability of forest communities and its ecological functioning and stand structure. Invasive alien species (IAS) are usually considered to be the second greatest threat to biodiversity after habitat destruction. The present study aims to characterize estimate the species richness, dominance of certain species distribution and population structure of major species in the study areas i.e. Kalka, Morni and Pinjore forest range of Panchkula Forest Division, Haryana lies under the Shiwalik mountain range of Western Himalaya. To achieve this, phytosociological study was carried out using quadrat method to assess the impact of IAS on plant diversity. We took twenty quardrats laid down in each site (10×10m for tree layer; 3×3m for shrubby layer and 1×1m for herbaceous flora) in both, invaded sites and control sites (without any IAS). In the study sites, Lantana camara was the major threat to the native flora. In general, diversity index (H) was higher at control site, however, species richness was found to be more in Lantana infested sites for trees and more or less equal for herbs and shrubs in control sites. This indicates the invasion of L. camara after the establishment of tree species in study sites. In all sites, the seedlings have significant more number than saplings and trees. But the conversion of saplings into trees was poor as well as the production of seedlings and their survival rate was very less or drastically reduced. Thus, there is an urgent need of conservation and management of alien invasive species in Himalayas and other parts of Indian forests. Lantana camara infestation can be managed if we utilize it for making handmade papers, handicrafts, baskets, toys, etc. by involving the self help groups and village forest communities.

scholarly journals CONTAIN: Optimising the long-term management of invasive alien species using adaptive management

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Lambin ◽  
David Burslem ◽  
Paul Caplat ◽  
Thomas Cornulier ◽  
Gabriella Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Management Actions

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) threaten biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, modify landscapes and impose costs to national economies. Management efforts are underway globally to reduce these impacts, but little attention has been paid to optimising the use of the scarce available resources when IAS are impossible to eradicate, and therefore population reduction and containment of their advance are the only feasible solutions. CONTAIN, a three-year multinational project involving partners from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and the UK, started in 2019. It develops and tests, via case study examples, a decision-making toolbox for managing different problematic IAS over large spatial extents. Given that vast areas are invaded, spatial prioritisation of management is necessary, often based on sparse data. In turn, these characteristics imply the need to make the best decisions possible under likely heavy uncertainty. Our decision-support toolbox will integrate the following components: (i) the relevant environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts, including their spatial distribution; (ii) the spatio-temporal dynamics of the target IAS (focusing on dispersal and population recovery); (iii) the relationship between the abundance of the IAS and its impacts; (iv) economic methods to estimate both benefits and costs to inform the spatial prioritisation of cost-effective interventions. To ensure that our approach is relevant for different contexts in Latin America, we are working with model species having contrasting modes of dispersal, which have large environmental and/or economic impacts, and for which data already exist (invasive pines, privet, wasps, and American mink). We will also model plausible scenarios for data-poor pine and grass species, which impact local people in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. We seek the most effective strategic management actions supported by empirical data on the species’ population dynamics and dispersal that underpin reinvasion, and on intervention costs in a spatial context. Our toolbox serves to identify key uncertainties driving the systems, and especially to highlight gaps where new data would most effectively reduce uncertainty on the best course of action. The problems we are tackling are complex, and we are embedding them in a process of co-operative adaptive management, so that both researchers and managers continually improve their effectiveness by confronting different models to data. Our project is also building research capacity in Latin America by sharing knowledge/information between countries and disciplines (i.e., biological, social and economic), by training early-career researchers through research visits, through our continuous collaboration with other researchers and by training and engaging stakeholders via workshops. Finally, all these activities will establish an international network of researchers, managers and decision-makers. We expect that our lessons learned will be of use in other regions of the world where complex and inherently context-specific realities shape how societies deal with IAS.

scholarly journals Controlling invasive alien species Vachellia nilotica with triclopyr herbicide in Baluran National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
R S B Irianto ◽  
R Garsetiasih ◽  
T Setyawati ◽  
N D Wahono ◽  
A Susilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Efficient Control

Abstract Vachellia nilotica (Acacia nilotica), as an invasive alien species (IAS), was introduced to Baluran National Park from the Bogor Botanical Gardens in 1969. The purpose was for firebreak to prevent jumping fires from the savanna to the teak forests plantation. However, unexpectedly V. nilotica growth was uncontrollable and invaded the 6000 ha savanna. The rapid growth of this weed has killed the grass in the savanna leading to a decline in the Banteng population in Baluran National Park from 325 in 1998 to 22 in 2011. Since the 1980s, researche on V. nilotica control has been carried out by various universities and research institutions in Indonesia but has not yet obtained an effective and efficient control method. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide with the active ingredient of triclopyr by stump brushing to control V. nilotica. Ten triclopyr herbicide concentrations with a solution of diesel and water were tested. The results showed that 1% triclopyr concentration in diesel oil could control 100% of V. nilotica weeds, while water solutions could only control 50% of V. nilotica weeds.

Forest canopy resists plant invasions: a case study of Chromolaena odorata in Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of Nepal

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
L. N. Sharma ◽  
B. Adhikari ◽  
M. F. Watson ◽  
B. B. Shrestha ◽  
E. Paudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta

Abstract Invasive alien species are a major threat to global biodiversity due to the tremendous ecological and economic damage they cause in forestry, agriculture, wetlands, and pastoral resources. Understanding the spatial pattern of invasive alien species and disentangling the biophysical drivers of invasion at the forest stand level is essential for managing forest ecosystems and the wider landscape. However, forest-level and species-specific information on Invasive Alien Plant Species (IAPS) abundance and their spatial extent are largely lacking. In this context, we analysed the cover of one of the world’s worst invasive plants, Chromolaena odorata, in Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in central Nepal. Vegetation was sampled in four community forests using 0.01 ha square quadrats, covering the forest edge to the interior. C. odorata cover, floral richness, tree density, forest canopy cover, shrub cover, tree basal area, and disturbances were measured in each plot. We also explored forest and IAPS management practices in community forests. C. odorata cover was negatively correlated with forest canopy cover, distance to the road, angle of slope, and shrub cover. Tree canopy cover had the largest effect on C. odorata cover. No pattern of C. odorata cover was seen along native species richness gradients. In conclusion, forest canopy cover is the overriding biotic covariate suppressing C. odorata cover in Sal forests.

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