scholarly journals Optimal ratio of cash and non-cash payments

2014 ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
G. S. Panova
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Money Flows ◽  
Aggregate Turnover ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
The Stability

Analysis of the present condition and prospects of development of the monetary sector of the Russian economy. Quantitative parameters of aggregate turnover, including the value of cash and non-cash it. Researched issues restricting cash advance industry in Russia and other countries; the problems encountered by foreign States in imposing administrative limits on cash payments; provides specific recommendations and identified risks imposing such restrictions in Russia. The article deals with topical issues of optimization of structure of aggregate turnover. Analyzing the development of money turnover, the role and the place of cash in the economy, the author explored the basic approaches to the determination and regulation of money turnover, proposed a new approach to ensure transparency in money flows. Particularly promising cash flow optimization are: a) measures aimed at improving the cash turnover (including maintaining the stability of the national currency, improving the procedures for issuing and withdrawing money from circulation, determine the optimal structure of monetary aggregates, etc.) and b) development of cashless money turnover. The author's position is presented on the future of the scientific basis and practical realization of the optimal ratio of cash and cashless money turnover in Russia and other countries. In particular, felt the need to increase information transparency, openness international information exchange in order to improve monetary policy by countries at the national and international level. To develop common approaches (models) of the analysis and forecasting of financial markets, as well as the establishment of an international coordination centre responsible for the collection, verification and access to public information databases for the cross-country studies of banking and financial and monetary sphere.

Study and Practice on the Technology of Filling Mining in Xin Wen Mining Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 2892-2896
Author(s):  
Ming Tao Gao ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mining Area ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Surface Subsidence ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Underground Disposal ◽  
Rock Movement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Technology Processes

Because of mine production, the open-pit enission of coal gangue solid waste and surface subsidence are one of important causes to failure the mining area land and environment, so the key technology, processes and equipment of filling mining to replace coal have been developed, which convergences the existing system of mining technology, And the stability theory of the control of filling mining rock movement and the method of surface subsidence prediction have been established, which provides a scientific basis for equipment Selection and the design of subsidence control; the key technologies of filling mining to replace coal is successfully applicated, which significantly improves the recovery rate of coal resources in China and constructs the new coordinated development model that is combined by the underground disposal of coal waste, mining subsidence control and the “under three”safe coal mining, through the above, the target of green mining and the coordinated development of mining social, economic and environmental will be achieved.

IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS FOR CONTROLLING BRENT AND URALS OIL PRICE FORMATION AS A CONDITION FOR STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2442-2449
Author(s):  
T.M. Mazurchuk ◽  
◽  
S.G. Arnett ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The authors of the work investigate one of the key areas of the Russian economy - the oil industry. It is hydrocarbons that account, on average, up to 40% of the Russian budget revenues. Oil revenues provide macroeconomic stability of the state, employment of the population in the oil and gas sector and related industries, as well as the stability of the ruble currency in the international market and prices for most types of products in the domestic market. The aim of the work is to study the possibilities of improving the current mechanisms for controlling price formation for key brands of hydrocarbons in order to increase the economic and energy security of the Russian Federation. The scientific study also analyzes the impact of the prices for Urals and Brent crude oil on the Russian ruble quotes against the US dollar and other world currencies. The correlation between the increasing of main oil brands value on the hydrocarbon market and strengthening of the Russian currency, as well as the filling the Reserve and other national funds, as one of the factors in the development of the Russian economy, is studied. The scientific basis of the research was Russian and foreign publications, state statistical materials, opinions and assessments of experts in the field, as well as the authors’ own developments. While studying the materials, the authors considered such indicators as: prices for “Brent”and “Urals” oil, their relationship and the reasons for the fall in prices for gasoline and hydrocarbon-derived materials, as well as the impact on the prices of goods in other economic sectors. The paper studies and selects the most effective responses to changes in the market environment in the context of nonstationary fuel prices.

B2B E-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mockler ◽  
Dorothy G. Dologite ◽  
Marc E. Gartenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Business History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Subsequent Section ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Business Requirements ◽  
Business To Business

Every organization can be viewed from two perspectives. There are external processes such as procurement and sales, and internal processes such as management and operations, finance, marketing, and human resources. This article primarily focuses on external, commercial e-business processes. B2B (business-to-business) e-business is the sale of products or services, or information exchange, among two or more businesses through electronic technology, usually involving the Internet, through a public or private exchange. The following background section gives a very brief general overview of B2B e-business history. In the main thrust of this article, we discuss making the B2B decision by examining key B2B business requirements and benefits, as well as describing basic approaches to B2B e-business implementation. In the subsequent section, the article provides a future outlook for e-business.

B2B E-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mockler ◽  
Dorothy G. Dologite ◽  
Marc E. Gartenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Business History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Subsequent Section ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Business Requirements ◽  
Business To Business

Every organization can be viewed from two perspectives. There are external processes such as procurement and sales, and internal processes such as management and operations, finance, marketing, and human resources. This article primarily focuses on external, commercial e-business processes. B2B (business-to-business) e-business is the sale of products or services, or information exchange, among two or more businesses through electronic technology, usually involving the Internet, through a public or private exchange. The following background section gives a very brief general overview of B2B e-business history. In the main thrust of this article, we discuss making the B2B decision by examining key B2B business requirements and benefits, as well as describing basic approaches to B2B e-business implementation. In the subsequent section, the article provides a future outlook for e-business.

scholarly journals Evolution Laws of Mining-induced Stress in Floor Strata and Its Influence on the Stability of a Floor Roadway Affected by Overhead Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Wang ◽  
Lishuai Jiang ◽  
Changqing Ma ◽  
Anying Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Evolution Laws ◽  
The Stability

The study of evolution laws of the mining-induced stress in floor strata affected by overhead mining is extremely important with respect to the stability and support of a floor roadway. Based on the geological conditions of the drainage roadway in the 10th district in a coalmine, a mechanical model of a working face for overhead mining over the roadway is established, and the laws influencing mining stress on the roadway in different layers are obtained. The evolution of mining stress in floor with different horizontal distances between the working face and the floor roadway that is defined as LD are examined by utilizing UDEC numerical simulation, and the stability of roadway is analyzed. The results of the numerical simulation are verified via on-site tests of the deformation of the surrounding rocks and bolts pull-out from the drainage roadway. The results indicate that the mining stress in floor is high, which decreases slowly within a depth of less than 40 m where the floor roadway is significantly affected. The mining stress in the floor increases gradually, and the effect of the mining on the roadway is particularly evident within 0 m ≤ LD ≤ 40 m. Although the floor roadway is in a stress-relaxed state, the worst stability of the surrounding rocks is observed during the range -20 m ≤ LD < 0 m, in which the negative value indicates that the working face has passed the roadway. The roadway is affected by the recovery of the abutment stress in the goaf when -60 m ≤ LD <20 m, and thus it is important to focus on the strengthening support. The results may provide a scientific basis for establishing a reasonable location and support of roadways under similar conditions.

Environmental Effects in Gel Derived Silicates

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Hench
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gel Processing

Various methods have been developed for producing crystals, powders, coatings and monoliths from gels [1]. The scientific basis for understanding compositional effects, gelation, aging, drying and densification is also advancing rapidly [2]. However, there is as yet relatively little information on the durability, weathering, or corrosion resistance of glasses, glass-ceramics, ceramics, or composites made via the gel route. Data is also sparse on the effects of vacuum, thermal exposure, or mechanical stress on the stability of gel-derived solids. Relationships between sol-gel processing variables and environmental stability are especially lacking at the present time. Since many end-use applications of gel derived materials involve exposure to severe environments, it is essential that the durability of these materials be established during their development.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Extraction and Stability of Antioxidative Peptides from Mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) Protein

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Huahua Yu ◽  
Ronge Xing ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
The Stability

This study optimizes the preparation conditions for mackerel protein hydrolysate (MPH) by response surface methodology (RSM) and investigates the stability of the antioxidant activity of MPHs (<2.5 kDa). The optimal conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration of 1726.85 U/g, pH of 7.00, temperature of 39.55°C, time of 5.5 h, and water/material ratio of 25 : 1, and the maximum DPPH scavenging activity was 79.14%. The MPHs indicated significant cellular antioxidant activity at low concentrations. Furthermore, the temperature and freeze-thaw cycles had little effect on the antioxidative stability while pH had significant effect on the antioxidative stability. In addition, the MPHs were sensitive to the metal ions, such as Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. Notably, when the concentrations of Fe2+and Fe3+were 5 mM, the DPPH scavenging activities were only 1.1% and 0.6%, respectively; furthermore, Cu2+at a 5 mM concentration could completely inhibit the DPPH scavenging activity of MPHs. In contrast, K+and Mg2+had no notable effect on the antioxidant activity of MPHs. These results may provide a scientific basis for the processing and application of MPHs.

Enriched primary kaolins of Uzbekistan as a raw material for chamotte lightweight refractories

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kh. Rumi ◽  
Sh. K. Irmatova ◽  
Sh. A. Fayziev ◽  
E. P. Mansurova ◽  
E. M. Urazaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Promising Material ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Phase Formation Process

The results of studies of the phase formation process of enriched primary kaolins of the Angren and Samarkand fields during firing in the range of 1250‒1400 oC are presented. It is shown that the stability of the phase composition, the optimal ratio of the crystalline phases, shrinkage and water absorption indices allow us to consider the enriched kaolin of the Samarkand field as a promising material for making chamotte lightweight refractories. Ill. 3. Ref. 11. Tab. 3. 

Fundamentals of geotechnics in the cryolithozone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лев Хрусталев ◽  
Lev Hrustalev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Mechanical Interaction ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Permafrost Regions

The means of controlling the stability of engineering structures in the permafrost regions, methods of modification for frozen, thawing and unfrozen soils and ways of site preparation are discussed. Evaluation methods of thermal and mechanical interaction between structures and soils of bases are presented. The scientific basis of optimizing engineering choices on the base of geotechnical systems reliability and cost optimization are given. Interaction of buildings and structures are analyzed.

The Development of Device for On-Line Monitoring Circulating Cooling Water Stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1743-1747
Author(s):  
Li Qiang Zhang ◽  
Mo Jie Sun ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Huan Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

China is a country lacking of freshwater. With the water pollution from bad to worse, saving water become a serious matter which needs to be settled at once. In order to ensure the system working safely and the water quality, most power plants enable the circle cooling water to work in the low consistence, need more drainage and complement water which will make large waste of water. The good water quantity means that the water doesn’t make the furring and make cautery to the equipment. So we can improve the concentrated multiples of the cycle cooling water to save the water. Based on the specialty of the water used in the power plants, this subject study how to estimate the stability, doing the instrument and watching the stability degree, providing the scientific basis for disposing the circling water. After lots of experiments, we use the stability index as the estimation and use the pH determination as the alkalinity determination.The instrument uses the date collecting card to collect and use computer to dispose the date and control the instrument. The system inspects the stability of the cycle cooling water real time automatically.

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