scholarly journals The Odd-Even Effect in The Boards of Commissioners and Corporate Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Ardhi Islamudin ◽  
Gerrinko Giffari Wurintara ◽  
Yustrida Bernawati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Corporate Values ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

This article enlarges the literacy about the characteristics on board of commissioners by adding a new perspective, namely the odd-even effect in board of commissioners’ structure. This type of research was quantitative research. When the board of commissioners is formed with an odd number, the decision making process will be easier and more efficient. It is because there is no possibility of a voting tie and result the one directional perspective. It is different, when the board of commissioners is formed with an even number. It will trigger a voting tie in the decision making process. Therefore, there is a possibility of different perspective in the board of commissioners. As a result, the odd or even proportions number in the board of commissioners affects the corporate value. The smaller number board of commissioner’s forms a stronger board of commissioners. Then, the company that have odd boards of commissioners has a higher corporate value than the company that has an even board of commissioners. Keywords:   corporate value, odd-even effects, board of commissioners.

Consumer Decision-making at the Base of the Pyramid: Synthesis of Literature and an Integrative Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-306
Author(s):  
Nanda Choudhury ◽  
Srabanti Mukherjee ◽  
Biplab Datta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
New Perspective

As a pioneering effort, this study analyses the consumer decision-making process at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP). This study proposes consumer vulnerability, bounded rationality, locking-in effect and opportunism as major constructs influencing the consumer decision-making process at the BoP. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study has integrated the transaction cost perspective into the consumer decision-making process at the BoP, which is a novel contribution to the literature of consumer behaviour. This work has recognised the importance of the retailer and its role in the decision-making process, and adds a new perspective to the study of BoP as well as to consumer behaviour theories. This study will be helpful to businesses while serving the BoP segment by crafting appropriate marketing strategies for this segment.

Situation Awareness and the Decision-Making Process in a Dynamic Situation: Avoiding Collisions at Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chauvin ◽  
J. P. Clostermann ◽  
Jean-Michel Hoc
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Training Facility ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the authors aim to determine the impact of situation awareness (SA) in the decision-making process of “young” watch officers of a Merchant Marine training facility. The trainees were shown an ambiguous interaction situation in which they could choose among several actions. The results show that Level 1 SA (perception of the elements in the environment) tends to be of secondary importance in decision making. The major variables of the decision-making process are the interpretation of the rules and anticipation of the other vessel's intentions. Moreover, four different trainee “profiles” emerged. The main difference between them lies in the distance at which they decided to change course, the direction of this maneuver (port or starboard), the way in which they interpreted the other vessel's intentions (is it going to change course?), and whether the trainees referred to the rules. Of the trainees, 55% performed a maneuver that was against regulations, and 34% did so in an unsafe manner. This result provides an incentive to rethink the training course to put more stress on recognizing prototypical situations and choosing which actions to take in situations such as the one presented here.

scholarly journals Performance Appraisal Decision and Cognitive Processing Model: A Case of Novice and Expert Raters in the Educational Organization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusli Ahmad ◽  
Azman Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Madi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
New Perspective

This paper explores rater (novice and expert) understanding of the decision-making process in the performance appraisal system (PAS) by looking at the cognitive processing model (CPM). Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured cognitive mapping protocol involving 22 Malaysian public school administrators and were analysed using key word analysis. The decision explorer software was used to map the thinking activities involved in the rater decision-making process. The findings revealed that raters recognised the CPM steps in their performance appraisal practice. The study also identified the differences between individual novice and expert raters’ CPM in terms of concept and complexity, and also an attempt was made to compare the CPM practised by the raters with that suggested in the research framework. Every cognitive map by the raters has its own uniqueness and represents raters capability to process relevant information involved during the performance appraisal decision-making process. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by offering a new perspective to understanding performance rating by looking at the steps involved in CPM. The research also offered some insights to policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and scholars in order to undertake further research and analysis using the steps in the CPM in a new issue, context, and environment.  

scholarly journals The Ethical Matrix as a Tool for Decision-Making Process in Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Biasetti ◽  
Barbara de Mori
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Ethical Assessment ◽  
Ethical Matrix ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Decision making-process in conservation can be very complex, having to deal with various value dimensions and potential conflicts. In fact, conflicts and competing interests between stakeholders are among the most quoted reasons for failure of projects. Ethical analysis can be helpful in this regard. In this paper we present a revision of the Ethical Matrix specifically tailored to decision-making processes in conservation. The Ethical Matrix is a conceptual tool devised to help decision-makers by supplying them with a framework of the ethically relevant aspects involved in decision-making process. It was originally developed for the ethical assessment of agri-food biotechnologies and later has been applied to other fields. The revised version we propose here has been designed for the ethical analysis of conservation priority-setting and impact. As conservation can raise many ethical relevant controversies, conceptual tools like the one presented here can be of help for conservationists, providing a map of the value demands involved. This map can be used to question the reasonableness of the value judgments, estimate the impact of different courses of actions, anticipate conflicts, and rank their severeness.

scholarly journals Contemporary Conditions of Information Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gałecki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Software Information ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One

Abstract In the age of the information society, determined by the evolution of digital technology, information has become an essential element of the functioning of every human being. Its acquisition, processing and distribution serves to satisfy the key areas of society’s life and constitutes a necessary component of every decision-making process. These days became dominated by the increasing demand for information. The problem of its protection against unwanted obtaining (disclosure) has become a challenge for many scientific communities. This state of affairs has forced us to take a number of steps to ensure the security of useful information, characterized by accuracy, unambiguity, completeness and authenticity. The problem of information security is inseparably linked to the threats present in the cyberspace environment. They are commonly identified with the so-called computer crime, resulting in factors like: infiltration, obtaining passwords and other data used for logging in, identity theft, damage (blocking) of systems and their software. Information manipulation is a completely different and underestimated threat to rational decision-making process. Wherefore, useful information that is characterized by the expected properties, is exposed not only to destruction or unauthorized acquisition, but also to distortion. Rising anxiety about the credibility of the information received in the virtual space and the sources of its transmission forced the need to distinguish the real form from the one that was modified. The presented conditions prompted the author to propose solutions with regard to information security, determined by the difficulty of obtaining it and manipulating it.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT DAN PENGARUHNYA DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PADA BADAN PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN TAKALAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Muh. Said ◽  
Fatmawati Fatmawati ◽  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Fast Time ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Changes in the environment experienced by organizations require organizations to make adjustments to answer all future challenges. The strength that must be possessed by the organization is to realize the concrete concept that becomes a tool to make changes. One of them is knowledge management, because knowledge management is an organizational activity that manages knowledge as an asset, wherein various strategies there is the right distribution of knowledge to the right people in a fast time until they interact with each other from various knowledge and apply it in daily work for performance improvement. Knowledge Management integration in the decision-making process can be interpreted as a structured and systematic process in acquiring, distributing, and utilizing knowledge to support the decision-making process. The position of knowledge management in decision making is between two poles of knowledge, namely tacit knowledge on the one hand and the utilization of explicit knowledge in decision making on the other. Explicit knowledge emphasizes the implicit role of knowledge management in influencing actors involved in decision making. Research design using quantitative methods. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires. The results showed that the implementation of Knowledge management has a positive effect on decision making in the Regional Development Agency of Takalar regency.

Matter over Mind. What Support for Families with Intersex Children Exist?

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Daria Abrosimova ◽  
◽  
Martin Gramc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
The One

"The complex treatment of intersex people in medicine has for too long neglected the support for their families. Decision-making process included parental concerns and wishes, but the emotional and peer support of families with intersex people may not always be provided. We investigate access and availability of psychological and peer support for families with intersex children. Even though the 2005 Consensus statement on DSD strongly recommended new protocol in which families should be provided psychological and peer support during decision-making process, we claim that this is still not the case. Even if there is a psychologist or psychiatrist in the multidisciplinary team during the process, that does not mean that families are provided with psychological support. Based on the scoping review method we want to identify existing professional-peer support and intervention tools for parents with intersex children. We investigate the implementation strategies for professional psychosocial interventions and examine the literature assessing their effectiveness. Our claim is that psychological and peer support are not fully implemented in the treatment process of intersex people, because the role of psychologist, psychiatrist or peer groups is seen as secondary in comparison to the one on surgeons within the multidisciplinary team of medical professionals. This leads to lack of psychosocial and peer support and to mental distress of families and their intersex children. "

ETHICS OF EXPERIMENTATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
B. Barber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Scientific Achievement ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

. . . Medical institutions and individual investigators operate today with two powerful sets of values and goals. On the one hand there is the pursuit and advancement of scientific knowledge. On the other there is the provision of humane and effective therapy for patients. . . . There is evidence that the enhanced excitement attending scientific achievement and the rewards bestowed on it in recent decades have skewed the decision-making process in many cases of conflict. . . . Our data show that the social structure of competition and reward is one of the sources of permissive behavior in experimentation with human subjects...

scholarly journals Impact of Time Delay in Perceptual Decision-Making: Neuronal Population Modeling Approach

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Foryś ◽  
Natalia Z. Bielczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Piskała ◽  
Martyna Płomecka ◽  
Jan Poleszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Subcritical Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Positive Steady States ◽  
The One ◽  
Parameter Ranges

Impairments in decision-making are frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms underlying such pathologies remain elusive. In this work, we study, on the basis of novel time-delayed neuronal population model, if the delay in self-inhibition terms can explain those impairments. Analysis of proposed system reveals that there can be up to three positive steady states, with the one having the lowest neuronal activity being always locally stable in nondelayed case. We show, however, that this steady state becomes unstable above a critical delay value for which, in certain parameter ranges, a subcritical Hopf bifurcation occurs. We then apply psychometric function to translate model-predicted ring rates into probabilities that a decision is being made. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that for small synaptic delays the decision-making process depends directly on the strength of supplied stimulus and the system correctly identifies to which population the stimulus was applied. However, for delays above the Hopf bifurcation threshold we observe complex impairments in the decision-making process; that is, increasing the strength of the stimulus may lead to the change in the neuronal decision into a wrong one. Furthermore, above critical delay threshold, the system exhibits ambiguity in the decision-making.

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