scholarly journals Karakteristik Ekstrak Aseton Pewarna Alami Daun Singkong (Manihot Esculenta C.) pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel Bahan dan Lama Maserasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ezra Elkana Karo Sekali ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
Lutfi Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Brightness Level ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui pengaruh ukuran partikel dan lama maserasi terhadap karakteristik ekstrak aseton pewarna alami daun singkong dan menentukan ukuran partikel dan lama maserasi terbaik untuk mendapatkan ekstrak aseton pewarna alami daun singkong. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial dengan 2 Faktor yaitu Ukuran Partikel (40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh) dan Lama Maserasi (24 jam, 36 jam, 48 jam). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan apabila perlakuan berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rendemen, klorofil b, tingkat kecerahan (L*), tingkat kekuningan (b*) tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap klorofil total, klorofil a, kemerahan (a*). Perlakuan ukuran partikel 80 mesh dan lama maserasi 36 jam merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan ekstrak aseton pewarna alami daun singkong dengan karakteristik rendemen sebesar 8,08%, klorofil total sebesar 3,83%, klorofil a sebesar 2,05%, klorofil b sebesar 1,77%, tingkat kecerahan (L*) sebesar 11,03, tingkat kemerahan (a*) sebesar 10,29, tingkat kekuningan (b*) sebesar 2,83.   This study aims to know the effect of particle size and maceration time on the characteristics of the natural dye acetone extract of cassava leaves and determine the best particle size and maceration time to obtain the acetone extract of natural coloring cassava leaves.This research used a randomized block design with factorial pattern with two factors namely, particle size (40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh) and maceration time (24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours). The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance. If the treatment had a significant effect, it would be followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that interactions had significant effect on theextract yield, chlorophyll b levels, brightness level L*, yellowish level b*, but had no effect on total chlorophyll levels, chlorophyll a levels, redness level a*. Treatment of particle size 80 mesh and maceration time 36 hours, is the best treatment to produce aceton extract natural dyes of cassava leaves with extract yield characteristics of 8.08%,total chlorophyll levels of 3.83, chlorophyll a levels of 2.05%,chlorophyll b levels of 1.77%,brightness level (L*) of 11.03,redness level (a*) of 10.29,yellowish level (b*) of 2.83.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Lama Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius R.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Made Hary Sayoga ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
Lutfi Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pandanus Amaryllifolius

 Fragrant pandan leaves can be used as a natural coloring because they contain chlorophyll obtained through the extraction process. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of particle size and extraction time on the characteristics of natural pandanus fragrance leaf extract and determine the best treatment of particle size and extraction time to produce natural pandanus leaf extract dye. This study used a 2 factorial factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the particle size which consists of 3 levels, namely 40, 60, 80 mesh. The second factor is the extraction time which consists of 3 levels, namely 24, 36, and 48 hours. The results showed that the treatment of particle size and extraction time affected the yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, brightness (L *), redness (a *) and yellowish level (b *). The treatment of 60 mesh particle size and 36 hour extraction time are the best treatment to produce natural pandanus fragrance extract coloring with yield characteristics of 8.81% chlorophyll a level of 23.66%, chlorophyll b level of 3.92%, total chlorophyll content of 27.57%, the brightness level (L *) 21.06, the redness level (a *) 4.92, the yellowish level (b *) 6.21. Keywords: Pandanus amaryllifolius R., chlorophyll, color, extraction

scholarly journals Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta) pada Perlakuan Jenis Pelarut dan Suhu Maserasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rian Lamhot Parasian Hutabarat ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
Nyoman Semadi Antara
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Effect On Yield

This study aims to determine the effect of type of solvent and maceration temperature on the characteristics of cassava leaves extracts as a natural dyes leaves and determine the type of solvent for cassava leaf powder and the best maceration temperature to obtain the extract of natural cassava leaves. This study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors, namely the type of solvent (85% ethanol, 85% acetone and mixture (85% ethanol: 85% acetone) and maceration temperature (35 ° C, 45 ° C and 55 ° C). The data obtained were analyzed with variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, then continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the treatment interactions had a very significant effect on yield, chlorophyll b, brightness (L *), yellowish level (b *), total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a. , redness (a *), but had no significant effect on the interaction at the level of redness (a *). The treatment of 85% acetone solvent and 55 ° C maceration temperature was the best treatment to produce acetone extract of natural dye of cassava leaves with yield characteristics of 14, 04%, total chlorophyll 12.10%, chlorophyll a 4.39%, chlorophyll b 7.71%, brightness (L *) 16.46, redness (a *) 9.77 yellowish (b *) of 5.70.brightness level (L*) of 11.03, redness level (a*) of 10.29, yellowish level (b*) of 2.83. Key words: cassava leaves, dye extract, maceration temperature, natural dye, solvent type.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perbandingan Bahan Pelarut dan Lama Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
I Made Dwipayana ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Brightness Level ◽  
Extract Yield ◽  
Pandanus Amaryllifolius

Dyes from fragrant pandan leaves contain chlorophyll obtained through the extraction process. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of the ratio of ingredients to solvents and the length of extraction on the characteristics of natural coloring extracts of fragrant pandan leaves and determine the best treatment from the comparison of ingredients with solvents and extraction time to produce natural coloring extracts of fragrant pandan leaves. This study used a 2 factor factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the comparison of materials with solvents consisting of 3 levels, namely 1:13, 1:15, and 1:17. The results showed that the comparative treatment of the material with the solvent and the extraction time greatly influenced the extract yield, chlorophyll a levels, chlorophyll b levels, total chlorophyll levels, brightness level L *, redness level a *, yellowish level b *, interactions greatly influenced the levels chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b level, total chlorophyll content, redness level (a *), yellowish level (b *) but have no effect on extract yield and brightness level (L *). Comparison of material treatment with solvent 1:15 and extraction time for 36 hours, is the best treatment to produce pandanus fragrant leaf extract coloring with extract yield characteristics of 10.32%, chlorophyll a levels of 3402.04 ppm, chlorophyll b levels of 612.23 ppm, total chlorophyll content of 4013.42 ppm, brightness level (L *) 35.27, redness level (a *) 17.15, yellowish level (b *) 30.43. Keywords: Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb., chlorophyll, nature color, extraction.

scholarly journals SPAD index and leaf pigments in cauliflower in different water conditions and silicon fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Gustavo Soares Wenneck ◽  
Reni Saath ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Lucas Henrique Maldonado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Non Destructive

The measurement of leaf pigments using non-destructive methods can be influenced by water management conditions and the use of nutrients in cauliflower, not showing adequate correlations with chlorophyll contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the SPAD index and the pigment content in cauliflower leaves managed with different water conditions and the application of silicon (Si). The cultivation was carried out in a protected environment in the city of Maringá, Paraná State from October 2019 to March 2020. It was adopted a randomized block design, with treatments in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three levels of water recharge (40; 70 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and four doses of Si (0; 50; 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four replications. Once plants showed developed inflorescence, the SPAD index was determined in the field and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the laboratory using leaves from the upper third. The correlation between water recharge and Si fertilization on the SPAD index was determined. The proportion of carotenoids in relation to total pigments was compared under different conditions. Correlation analysis was performed considering silicon fertilization, water recharge, leaf pigments, and the SPAD index. Silicon fertilization reduced the levels of carotenoids in addition to being related to chlorophyll a (100% of ETc) and chlorophyll b (70% of ETc). The correlation of the SPAD index with pigments is variable with the water condition of the crop, in a condition without water deficit, it is related to chlorophyll a and in a condition of 70% replacement of ETc, it is correlated with chlorophyll b.

scholarly journals Tomato grafting on rootstock of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Marcelo de A Guimarães ◽  
Manuel Filipe N Garcia ◽  
Jean Paulo de J Tello ◽  
Hozano de S Lemos Neto ◽  
Benedito P Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Graft Diameter ◽  
Graft Length ◽  
Adverse Environments

ABSTRACT Grafting has been considered an important tool to produce tomato in adverse environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop grafting protocols for tomato on rootstocks of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba. The work was carried out in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (3x2) + 1 with three grafting methods (slant-cut grafting, cleft grafting and splice grafting), combined with two graft ages and rootstocks (depending on the species), and the control. The rootstocks for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Santa Clara were: 1) Jilo (S. gilo) cv. Comprido Grande Rio; 2) Cocona (S. sessiliflorum) and 3) Jurubeba (S. jamaicense). The methods were individually studied and the graft length (GL); chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ in pre and post-grafting; graft diameter (GD), pre-grafting and tissue union of the grafted individuals through the assignment of grades were evaluated. Seven days after grafting, evaluations of grafted plants were performed. It was possible to establish a grafting protocol for all the combinations. The rootstock of Cocona provided greater vigor to ‘Santa Clara’ tomato graft. The cleft grafting technique can be indicated as the most effective for tomato grafting on the studied Solanaceae species.

scholarly journals Biochemical descriptors: importance of the genetic divergence study in peppers

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Lourismar M Araújo ◽  
Leonarda G Neves ◽  
Demétrio A Sousa ◽  
Walmes M Zeviani ◽  
Lucinéia da R Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of pepper genotypes is usually evaluated based on morphological and molecular descriptors. However, studies using biochemical descriptors of peppers are still incipient. Thus, the objective of this study was identify biochemical descriptors of Capsicum spp. with antioxidant action, most responsive to the selection of superior genotypes, and evaluate the correlation between concentrations of the parameters using principal components analysis. The experiment was conducted in the city of Cáceres, southwest Mato Grosso, Brazil. Seventy-eight pepper accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of UNEMAT were planted in randomized block design. The harvested fruits were immersed in liquid nitrogen for two minutes, and the following biochemical analyses were performed: titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and antioxidant activity. Biochemical descriptors that best estimated the genetic variability of the accessions were flavonoids, total phenols, chlorophyll a, and ascorbic acid. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were the compounds that showed the highest degree of correlation. Except chlorophyll a with ascorbic acid, all other vectors showed correlation ranging from moderate to strong.

scholarly journals Karakteristrik Enkapsulat Pewarna dari Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) pada Perlakuan Perbandingan Gelatin dan Maltodekstrin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Samapta Manggala Aditya ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati ◽  
Sri Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Brightness Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Papaya leaves can be used as a green dye because it contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll compounds as a green coloring are obtained by extraction and stored in the form of encapsulation powder. This study has two purposes, (i) to know the effect of the gelatin and maltodextrin encapsulants ratio on the encapsulates characteristics of papaya leaf coloring extract, and (ii) to determine the encapsulates comparison treatment of the best gelatin and maltodextrin in producing the characteristic encapsulate extract of papaya leaf coloring. Experiments in this study were  using a randomized block design with one  treatment, namely the ratio of gelatin and maltodextrin consisting of 7 levels, namely, (1:0), (0:1) (1:1), (1:1.5), (1:2), (1:2.5), (1:3). The results showed that the ratio of gelatin-maltodextrin was highly significant (P<0.05) on yield, total chlorophyll content, solubility, brightness level, redness level (a*), yellowish level (b*) and no effect (P>0.05) on water content. The treatment of gelatin and maltodextrin (1:3) ratio was the best treatment to produce encapsulate sea lettuce extract with yield of 35.27 %, water content of 6.13%, total chlorophyll content of 1192.69 ppm, solubility of 79.12%, brightness level (L*) 39.39, redness level (a*) 16.95 and yellowish level (b*) 14.84. Keywords : papaya leaf extract, gelatin, maltodextrin, encapsulation

scholarly journals Karakteristik Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel dan Waktu Maserasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
I Putu Lingsan Pratyaksa ◽  
G.P. Ganda Putra ◽  
Lutfi Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Effect On Yield

Cocoa pod husk has not been used optimally by farmers, most of cocoa pod husk will discarded around the cacao tree or collected in one hole and then piled with soil. Cocoa pod husk waste can be used optimally by extracting polyphenol compounds which are used as natural antioxidant ingredients. This research aimed to determine the effect of particle size and maceration time on cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidant and determine the best particle size and maceration time to produce cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This research used  factorial randomized block design with two factors. Factor 1 is a particle size consisting of 40, 60, and 80 mesh. Factor 2 is maceration time consisting of 24, 36, and 48 hours. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and then it will be proceed with tukey test. The results showed that particle size and maceration time affected yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of cocoa pod husk extract, while the interaction was affected on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but had no effect on yield of cocoa pod husk extract. The best treatment to produce cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants 80 mesh particle size and maceration time for 48 hours, with a yield value of 5.22 ± 0.05 percent, a total phenolic of 148.09 ± 0.00 mg GAE / g and antioxidant capacity of 118.71 ± 0.13 mg GAEAC / g. Keywords: cocoa pod husk, extraction, antioxidants, particle size, maceration time

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield and Pigment Content of Eleven Genotypes of Green and Purple Pod Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Okky Tiara Sari Dewi ◽  
Muhamad Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The consumption of yard long bean in Indonesia is high and it has been increasing continuously, but the production and harvest area has been decreasing. New, superior long bean varieties with higher productivity are required to meet the increasing demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and yield characters of selected purple and green long bean genotypes. The research was conducted from February to May 2018 in the Madiun district, East Java, Indonesia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with genotypes as the single factor treatment, replicated three times. Eleven yard long bean genotypes were tested, consisting of four new genotypes, F7-013014- 4U-16-1-1, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-2”, “F7-013014- 4U-16-1-3”, and “F7-013014-7P-4-1-1”, and seven control genotypes, “KP13”, “KP14”, “KP Putih China”, “KP Putih China”, “Borneo”, “Sabrina” and “Parade”. The new genotypes, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-1, “F7- 013014-4U-16-1-2”, “F7-013014-4U-16-1-3”, and “F7-013014-7P-4-1-1” had at least one superior characters compared to the control genotypes, i.e. earlier fl owering and time to harvest, longer leaves, greater pod weight, longer pods, larger pod diameter, and higher contents of anthocyanin, carotene, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Keywords: anthocyanin, genotype, pigment, carotene, chlorophyll

scholarly journals Effect of NPK Fertilization Method on the Physiology and Fruit Products of Myristica fragrans in North Maluku, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Wawan Sulistiono ◽  
Abubakar Ibrahim ◽  
Bayu Suwitono ◽  
Himawan Bayu Aji ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the optimal fertilizing method and NPK fertilizer dosage for plant physiology and nutmeg yield. Study Design: The experimental design was a completely randomized block design (CRBD) in a 4x3 factorial arrangement with three replicates. The first factor was four NPK fertilizer doses: 1, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5kg NPK (15:15:15)/tree/year. The second factor was the manner of fertilizer application: (1) fertilized in spot, (2) fertilized in-furrow trenches trunked and (3) fertilized in hole. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Tobelo North Halmahera (1°44'45.3"-1°44'54.4" N, 127°59'54.4"-127°59'53.2" E), North Maluku, Indonesia from January 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: The nutmeg trees used was 30 years old. The population of trees plants in the study area was 40 trees. Observation parameters on leaves are chlorophyll a, b and total, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), N, P, K, proline content, number of young and old fruits. Results: The fertilization treatment with the fertilizer application method into the crack/hole fertilizer with a dose of 2.5 kg NPK significantly produced high levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,         total chlorophyll of leaves and old fruit. The number of old fruits is positively correlated with chlorophyll a content (0.615*), chlorophyll b (0.663*), total chlorophyll (0.634*) and number of young fruits (0.748 **). The application of fertilizer hole produces plants that recover quickly from drought stress, as evidenced by the highest proline content. Conclusion: NPK fertilization using the hole method and at doses of 2.0-2.5 kg/tree/year are recommended for improving plant physiology and yield.

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