scholarly journals Reflecting on Kejawen: Javanese Esoteric Teachings in Indonesian National Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adiz Wasisto
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Unity In Diversity

Kejawen as a concept of spirituality arose out of ancient Javanese society. Many Western scholars have used the term ‘Javanese mysticism’ to refer to Kejawen teachings, which focus on inward rather than outward religious expression and feeling. Kejawen teaching offers an esoteric understanding of religion and spirituality, one that seems to circulate mainly outside formal religious traditions. This paper demonstrates the significance of Kejawen teaching in spiritual, psychological, and social development in Indonesia, suggesting it has especial relevance to issues of peace and violence. Placing Kejawen in its context, this study shows that the national development in Indonesia after independence was influenced by the esoteric ideas of Kejawen, as portrayed in the national motto “unity in diversity”. This expression resembles the post-independence state ideology of Pancasila.  Through analysis of key nationalist texts, themes linked to elements of Kejawen teachings are identified and analysed in this study. This is done by analysing key texts, including Soekarno’s independence speech, Pancasila, and other relevant materials from various available sources. The reader will find out more about the need for comprehensive symbolic and resource-based recognition of Kejawen teachings in Indonesian society.

Compressed Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

This book highlights the importance of time and timing in economic and social development. ‘Compressed development’ consists of two key features and their interaction: the tendency for development processes to unfold more rapidly (compression) and the institution-shaping influences of major periods of change and growth, especially when countries become integrated into the global economy (era). Using an interdisciplinary conceptual framework of state–market and organization–technology co-evolution, the authors contrast the experiences of ‘early’ and ‘late’ developers such as the United Kingdom and Japan, with countries–most notably China–which have become more deeply integrated with the global economy since the 1990s. Compressed developers experience ‘thin industrialization’, layered types of employment, and ‘double burdens’ or challenges in social development. National development strategies must accommodate global value chains and powerful international actors on the one hand, and decentralization on the other. To cope, and thrive, states must remain developmental, whilst being increasingly engaged and adaptive in multiple levels of governance. Compressed Development explores the historical and contemporary features of economic and social development at the intersection of development studies and studies of globalization. By bringing a new perspective on the ‘middle-income trap’, as well as the emerging digital economy, and the state–market and geopolitical tensions that are currently upending conventional wisdoms, the book offers timely insights that will be useful, not only for students of development, but for policymakers, business, and labour organization seeking to navigate the rushing currents of contemporary capitalism.

scholarly journals Peranan Tuan Guru Ormas Islam Nahdlatul Wathan di Lombok Wadah Ajaran Keagamaan dan Sosial (Islam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Jun Mawalidin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Mass Organization ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Place

<p class="05Abstrak">Abstract</p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">The teachings of Islam for the Sasak people get a very high place in carrying out their daily religious life in accordance with the teachings of their religion. The purpose of this study is to analyze theoretical analysis on Islamic religious traditions that have existed in the Sasak community since the beginning of their entry, placing more emphasis on strengthening religious practices or rituals that at a glance place great importance on religious expression. This research method uses the library research method about the role of the Nahdlatul Wathan Islamic mass organization figure in Lombok. The results showed that Nahdlatul Wathan focused on three areas of development, namely education, social and da'wah. The presence of Tuan Guru on the island of a thousand mosques gives a different feel. Bahklan is a characteristic of society, its influence can be felt in various fields, not only in the field of education, in politics but also in the executive field. </p><p class="06IsiAbstrak"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Tuan Guru, Community, Lombok, Nahdlatul Wathan.</p><p class="061AbstrakIndonesia">Abstrak</p><p class="061IsiAbstrakIndoneia">Ajaran Islam bagi masyarakat sasak mendapatkan tempat yang sangat tinggi dalam menjalankan kehidupan keagamaannya sehari-hari sesuai dengan ajaran agama yang dianut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan telaah teori analisis pada Tradisi keagamaan Islam yang terdapat di masyarakat Sasak sejak awal masuknya, lebih menekankan pada penguatan-penguatan amalan atau ritual keagamaan yang secara sepintas sangat mementingkan ekspresi keagamaan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode <em>library research</em> tentang peranan tokoh ormas islam nahdlatul wathan yang ada di lombok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nahdlatul Wathan fokus pada tiga bidang pembangunan, yaitu pendidikan, sosial dan dakwah. Kehadiran Tuan Guru di pulau seribu masjid memberikan nuansa yang berbeda. Bahklan merupakan ciri khas masyarakat, pengaruhnya dapat dirasakan di berbagai bidang, tidak hanya di bidang pendidikan, di bidang politik tetapi juga di bidang eksekutif.  </p><p class="05Abstrak"><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Tuan Guru,<em> </em>Masyarakat, Lombok, Nahdlatul Wathan.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of Micro and Small Enterprises Strategy in Ethiopia Urban development, the case of Ambo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia#

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Yared Teshome Geneti
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises

In Ethiopia, Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) is prioritised as important means of economic diversification, job creation, income generation and equity distribution as indispensable poverty reduction sector since 2006. Despite the great attention given to micro and small enterprises, little research exists that examines challenges and opportunities of the Sector in the implementation trajectory. With the new initiative of National Development Programme to Accelerate Sustainable Development to Eradicate Poverty (PASDEP) in 2006-2010, the government has been commencing a new Micro and Small Enterprises Development Strategy. However, the blue prints strategy would be able to prove in the process to achieve the goals and target through timely evaluation of its implementations. It has been long time and common to listen and observe complains of MSEs on the overall sectoral performance and strategic incompatibility both among the unemployed societies and existing MSEs. Based on this rationale, the study was intended to assess the challenges and opportunities of the existing MSE strategy in Ambo town. In this descriptive research primary data were collected from 135 MSEs in Ambo using stratified and purposive sampling design.<br />MSEs in Ambo town are facing different challenges. These challenges are identified as marketing, financial, good governance, i.e., lack of market place; inadequacy credit facilities and inefficient service delivery. The study shows that the long and delayed procedure to establish MSEs is the most common challenges observed in both the old (2006) and new (2011) strategies. These are mainly as a result of inefficient human resource capacities of the sector and cumbersome procedures of credit and saving institution in the town. Moreover, a little understanding of unemployed society on the strategy is the main gap creating misunderstandings. Findings indicated that, the above challenges are a bottle-neck to the goal set by the strategy to create jobs for unemployment and being urban base of local economic and social development. In prospect wise, the study asserted that, the 2011 strategy has been improving MSEs to have a clear definition, typical set ups and structure arrangements as enterprise. Therefore, the strategy has identified as the means to change the societal structure by creating broad local economic and social development to the extent of medium investors. Finally, promoting awareness to active unemployed citizens by giving continues capacity building for both office staff and members of enterprises, local governance reforms and the rechecking of MSE establishment procedures are important in alleviating the problems at implementation stage.

Anthropologies of Medicine, Religion, and Spirituality and Their Application to Clinical Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Barnes ◽  
Lance D. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Religious Traditions

This chapter reviews how medical anthropology has characterized and interpreted biomedicine as a cultural system in its own right. Because so much of the field has attended to how practitioners and patients experience their engagement in biomedicine and other systems of healing, we introduce related dimensions. Some medical anthropologists have also drawn from what is known as the Anthropology of Religion, as a way of exploring religious traditions related to healing. Their work adds useful dimensions to the topic at hand. Finally, we address applied dimensions, that include how biomedical professionals can introduce issues related to religion/spirituality in their clinical work. We advocate for a synthesis of the strengths of religious studies, medical anthropology, refined tools of spiritual inquiry that reflect the particularities of the different traditions, and a stance of cultural humility.

Overcoming Social Inequality in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
M. V. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
National Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
National Development Plan ◽  
The 19Th Century

The presented study examines certain aspects of Mexico’s social policy from the 19th century to the implementation of the key programs of the 2019-2024 National Development Plan.Aim. The study aims to identify the major causes and find solutions to one of the main problems of social development in Mexico - social stratification.Tasks. The authors determine the sequence of historical, political, and economic actions that have influenced social inequality; examine the factors that have led to social stratification; analyzestatistics pertaining to reforms; examine the programs of Mexico’s 2019-2024 National Development Plan.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to identify social development trends in Mexico’s socio-economic policy and the underlying internal and external factors, and to analyze the directions of the programs of Mexico’s 2019-2024 National Development Plan.Results. Social inequality in Mexico can be traced back to medieval times. Since the 19th century, oppressed people have been openly asserting their social standing. Significant social stratification and an overwhelming number of poor people with little education cannot resist the country’s political system. There is constant pressure from foreign countries, particularly from the United States, on the political order of Mexico through the promotion of foreign standards aimed at deriving profit for other countries and the Mexican elite. The country’s domestic regulation is carried out in the context of limited wage growth, lack of a progressive taxation system, and disparate accessibility of social benefits for different population groups. Since the beginning of the 21st century, introduction of socially oriented programs has reduced social inequality, but it remains too high in comparison with developed and developing countries.Conclusions. A study of the country’s socio-economic policy since the 19th century reveals features that are specific to Mexico: a very high level of corruption and criminality, social stratification with an overwhelming number of low-income people and general marginalization hinder the country’s social development and economic growth. The middle class is poorly developed and cannot provide the domestic consumption necessary for the stable development of Mexico and reduction of the country’s dependence on its trading partners. Population support measures are ineffective in the context of the established way of life.

Farther – without Precepts

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
V. Mikheev ◽  
S. Lukonin ◽  
Y. Safronova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
National Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Social Development Model ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the development of China. Forward-looking assessments are made on the basis of an analysis of the country’s new concept of national development. The authors specify five areas that demand for new conceptual solutions: ideology, domestic policy, economy, social issues and foreign policy. As for Russia and its positions in the hierarchic and polycentric world, the authors point out that the ongoing change of China’s social development model is no less important than the dynamics of development of the United States and the EU.

National Development Paths 1965–1987: Measuring a Metaphor

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Political Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
Factorial Ecology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Geographical Imaginations

The path-of-development metaphor registers in language the idea that the conditions of existence of people get better (or worse in the case of underdevelopment) in particular ways. To measure a metaphor, in this paper, a method of moving between the figurative and the literal is used. Development paths for 150 nations are measured for the period 1965–87 by using a methodology that can be described as historical factorial ecology. The measurement of development paths involves analytically combining the social, historical, and geographical dimensions of the development and underdevelopment process, an interpretation of which requires and encourages a combining of the sociological, historical, and geographical imaginations. The findings indicate that the debates within development theory resulted from different theories focusing upon different types of development paths. Development is complexly multidimensional with economic and social development paths resembling the linear and multilinear claims of orthodox modernization theory and with political development paths approximating the antilinear claims of underdevelopment theories. Development and underdevelopment theorists, like the blind wise men encountering the elephant, each described only parts of the beast, assuming that the economic trunk was identical to its political leg.

Transcendental Empiricism and the Transcendental Blues: A Response to More than Belief

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 445-463
Author(s):  
Paul Harvey
Keyword(s):  
American South ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Transcendental Empiricism ◽  
The American South ◽  
Religious Theory ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article examines how scholars who study the least likely subjects to be the targets of Manuel Vasquez’s call in More than Belief may nonetheless apply the arguments in the book. Harvey focuses especially on applying the concepts in More than Belief to studies of Protestants in the American South who historically have insisted that religion is defined by belief. These are people who conceived of religion in precisely the way Vásquez tells us not to; “religion” for them was a matter of the private conscience, was disembodied, full of doctrine and ratiocination, and as deeply individualistic (at least in theory) as one could possibly conceive. If Vásquez’s rich account of religious theory can be used to understand my subjects in some way, then they can apply to anyone. Even in a Protestant, text-centric, doctrinal region as the American South historically has been may be seen, religious expression has been at once locative, translocative (because of the huge numbers of people imported from other lands, voluntarily or involuntarily), and supralocative (because of the diasporic spread of varied religious traditions).

scholarly journals Construction Industry in Ukraine Credit Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Onyshchenko ◽  
Svitlana Sivitska ◽  
Anna Cherviak
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
National Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Credit Analysis

Construction is one of the national economy key areas since its operating results are of prime importance for the economic and social development of the country. It is due to the fact that this branch is characterized by a long-term manufacturing cycle and significant materials requirements. Construction enhancement in Ukraine is the principal precondition for successful national development, as far as all the interrelated sectors grow proportionally.Present day construction market conditions and construction crediting are analyzed in the work. Enterprises financial capacity sources are defined and the innovative importance is proved.  

scholarly journals Community-Based Surveillance for Action towards Health and Nutrition: Experience in Thailand

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aree Valyasevi ◽  
Pattanee Winichagoon ◽  
Sakorn Dhanamitta
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Operational Strategy ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Nutrition Programme

Nutrition surveillance has been in place in Thailand for more than ten years. Nutrition was first addressed as an explicit entity within the national development policy during the fourth National Economic and Social Development Plan (NESDP; 1977–1981). Surveillance was conceived as an important component of a nationwide nutrition programme, and an operational strategy to implement it was sought.

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