scholarly journals Gun and Fire-Steel Flints, Gun Supplies of the 18th C. Annenskaya Fortress on the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 200-215
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Kolesnik ◽  
◽  
Roman P. Elkin ◽  
Irina R. Gusach ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Don River ◽  
The Right ◽  
Religious Objects ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The Annenskaya fortress is a well-preserved star-shaped earthen bastion located on the right bank of the Don river near the Starocherkassk fortress. Near the Annenskaya fortress, there were unfortified Soldatskaya and Dolomanovskaya villages. The Annenskaya fortification mainly functioned from 1733 to 1760, while the pinnacle of its population (the garrison reached 9,000 people) fell at the Russian-Turkish war of 1735–1739. There were no archaeological excavations at the site, the picked-up findings were collected by various authors in 2000, 2003–2006. Among the findings, there are religious objects, military ammunition, household remains. Significant part of inventory amount gun and fire-steel flints, gun supplies (bullets). The analysis of these materials is the main purpose of the paper. The collection of gun flints includes intact samples (50 pcs) and fragments (22 pcs). Some of them (6 pcs) were preserved in lead clips. A significant part of the worn-out gun flints (22 pcs) were reused as tinderbox components to kindle a fire for domestic purposes. The most of gun and fire-steel flints are made of carboniferous flint raw materials (probably geological sources of the Upper Volga basin). The collection is complemented by lead bullets of two main calibers, i.e. of 8, 13–15 и 17–18 mm in diameter.

scholarly journals A Bronze Cauldron with a Greek Inscription from the Kurgan Cemetery near the Bazki Farms tead in the Volgograd Region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. Балахванцев ◽  
О.А. Шинкарь
Keyword(s):  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Don River ◽  
The Right ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

В результате археологических раскопок на правом берегу р. Дон в Волгоградской области в кургане № 1 у хут. Базки в насыпи найден бронзовый кованый котел раннесарматского времени с греческой надписью на плечиках сосуда. Надпись читается как [H]ΔΔΔΖ | ΔΙΡΙNAKOY и переводится: (Вес) 181 (драхм) (собственность) Диринака. По типологическим особенностям и палеографическим данным котел можно датировать в пределах II, возможно, начала I в. до н. э. Archaeological excavations on the right bank of the Don River in the Volgograd Region revealed a hammered bronze cauldron of the Early Sarmatian period in the mound of kurgan 1 near the Bazki farmstead. The caldron bears a Greek inscription placed on the vessel shoulders. The inscription reads as [H]ΔΔΔΖ | ΔΙΡΙNAKOY and is interpreted as (Weight) 181 (drachms) (owned by) Dirinak. Regarding typological characteristics and paleographic data, the dating puts the cauldron within II – possibly, early I century BC.

Touching, crafting, knowing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-244
Author(s):  
Amy Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Religious Objects

Based on a small ethnographic study at the shrine of the Virgin of Alcala in Andalusia, Spain, this article asserts that 'touch' is not only an intrinsic part of religion, but the principal facilitating medium through which the performances, expressions and relationships with the Virgin, take place. The article uses the relational discourses of animism and the fetish to critically explore the dynamics of touch, focusing primarily on the ways in which powerful religious statues such as the Virgin are creatively forged from raw materials, the gendered ways in which her statue-body is ritually touched, cared for and maintained, and the potentiality of her personhood. Personhood, it is argued, emerges co-creatively between 'persons' (artefact persons and human persons) during moments of active relating that involve touch. It is concluded that 'to fetish' is both to apprehend beloved religious statues with the senses and to be invited into creative religious, relational engagements with so called religious objects. 'To touch' is 'to fetish'. 

scholarly journals Fundamental Investigation for Processing of Pb-Cu-S-Bearing Materials

Metals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Christoph Zschiesche ◽  
Jürgen Antrekowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Potential ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Condensed Phases ◽  
Fundamental Investigation ◽  
Bearing Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The processing of polymetallic materials provides some challenges to every flowsheet. Within Aurubis Cu-Pb-metallurgical flowsheet, a broad range of raw materials and intermediates are processed. Continuous improvements are required to adapt the flowsheet according to the changing material quantity and quality. Therefore, thermodynamic modeling is the desired and most efficient way to conduct scenario analysis. Hence, databases and software are becoming better and better as the acceptance of this method increased. Further understanding is promoted by conducting experimental test work to validate the calculated results. In this research work, the impact of various oxygen potential on the formation of the condensed phases’ slag, matte, speiss and crude lead were investigated. A frequent check of slag metallurgy, in particular, the iron and lead concentration, provide feedback if the metallurgical process is operating at the right oxygen potential. Following, the calculated distribution coefficients for Cu, Pb, As, Sb, Sn and Ni between matte/speiss and speiss/lead are discussed.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK AMPLANG IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) HASIL VARIASI RASIO DAGING IKAN LELE DAN TAPIOKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Priyanto Priyanto ◽  
Yuli Wibowo ◽  
Jay Jayus
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
The Right

The demand for amplang crackers is now increasing. However, the price of its raw material, mackerel fish, is generally higher compare to other fishes, causing the higher cost of this type crackers production. Effort to explore other fish as an alternative raw material is required to overcome the problems. Catfish is one of the choices to be used as raw material since this fish is more available in a market in a lower price, but the protein properties of this fish is different to mackarel, which will be possible to affect the nature of the crackers obtained. To produce catfish amplang crackers to be similar to common amplang product, it is necessary to find out the right composition of catfish and tapioca flour used. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to characterize physico-chemically and organoleptically, the catfish amplang crackers made under different ratio of fish flesh and starch. The experiment was designed using completely randomized design. Physico-chemical data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, while the organoleptic test data were examined using chi-square method. The effectiveness test was carried out to find the proper ratio of raw materials composition used. The results showed that the higher the ratio of the fish flesh and the starch composition, the lower the texture value of the crackers as an indication of the decrease of its crispness. Although the lightness of the crackers was lowered by the addition of more starch to the dough, its linear expansion and hygroscopicity were not affected. The results of organoleptic test showed that the panelist was prefer to a higher crispness of crackers. The most preferable cracker was the one with 1:2.25 ratio of catfish flesh and starch, showing the characteristic of 1.80% moisture, 2.08% ash, 5.75% protein, 23.55% fat, and 66,93% carbohydrate. Keywords: cracker, catfish, tapioca starch

scholarly journals ANALISIS DIFFERENTIAL COST DAN OPPORTUNITY COST DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI ATAU MEMPRODUKSI SENDIRI PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH PANGGUNG WOLOAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Fersi Mongdong ◽  
Jenny Morasa ◽  
Heince Wokas
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Result ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Business World ◽  
Differential Costs ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

The business world today is characterized by increasing competition among existing companies. Competition occurs in all sectors of the economy both industry, trade, and services. One of the decisions that must be taken in planning at every alternative is to buy or produce itself a component of raw materials. Differential cost are related to the opportunity cost, which is the differential cost incurred costs as a result of certain decisions while the opportunity cost is the cost incurred when choosing a decision. The purpose of this study to analyze the differential costs and opportunity costs in the decision to buy or produce their own on Industri Rumah Panggung Woloan. The analytical method used is descreptive quantitative. Result of the differential cost analysis showed that the right decisions can be taken by the management company the manufactures its own because getting a hihgter differential gain, compared to buying from outside. While the opportunity cost of the buying raw materials from outside is more profitable, thus producing itself becomes more expensive. Should the leadership Industri Rumah Panggung Woloan produce their own wood from the outside becauseit would be more adventageous, compared to taking wood there are kept alone.

scholarly journals J.T.A.H. Special Publication #3 Appendix to Cover Art, The Journal of Texas Archeology and History Volume 4 (2017/2018): A Visual Guide to the Archaic Points Found at the Gault Site (41BL323) with Clovis Points for Comparison; including Projectile Point Fact Sheets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Williams
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Projectile Point ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Cover Art ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Archaeological excavations at the Gault Archaeological Site (41BL323) have revealed an almost complete stratigraphic record of the prehistoric occupation of Central Texas (Collins 2002, 2004). Furthermore, ages obtained from Area 15 of the site confirms good stratigraphic agreement between the diagnostic artifacts, cultural horizons, and stratigraphic units (Rodrigues, et al. 2016; Williams, et al. 2018). This includes some of the earliest evidence for a projectile point technology in North America (Williams, et al. 2018). Like many areas in Central Texas, the combination of water, raw materials, and its position along the Balcones Escarpment provided abundant resources essential to survival. The Gault Archaeological Site has a long history. The site takes its name from a previous landowner, Henry Gault, and the first scientific excavations were conducted there in 1929 under the supervision of J. E. Pearce. In 1990, David Olmstead reported a unique find; an Alibates Clovis point sandwiched between two limestone plaques with engraved geometric designs. This led to a site visit by Dr. Tom Hester and Dr. Michael Collins. This finding was followed in 1997 by the discovery of an extremely fragile mandible of a juvenile mammoth by the Lindsey family. These discoveries prompted the recent archaeological excavations at the site, which began in 1999 and lasted until 2002. As many archaeologists will attest, the most interesting findings came at the very end of the 2002 field season, when archaeologist Sam Gardner exposed cultural material stratigraphically below Clovis in a small test unit. This led to negotiations between Michael Collins and the Lindsey family that resulted in the purchase of the property by Dr. Collins and its donation to the Archaeological Conservancy. Between 2007-2014, Area 15 was excavated to expose the cultural materials below. With the cessation of excavations in 2014, research focuses on reporting these findings and how this early archaeological assemblage in Central Texas is redefining the search for the earliest human occupants of the Americas. The front cover of this issue of the Journal of Texas Archeology and History highlights two specific chronological periods in Texas. Firstly, in each corner you will find interactive 3D scans of four Clovis points that have been recovered from the site (Seldon et al. 2018). In between these, you will find and array of Archaic projectile points that have been recovered from the various excavations conducted between 1999-2002 and 2007-2014. This includes Early Archaic points such as the Hoxie and Martindale; Middle Archaic points including, Kinney and Nolan; and Late Archaic points including Pedernales, Marshall, and Bulverde. Clovis artifacts including, projectile points, blade cores, and diagnostic debitage have been recovered from a total of 9 excavation areas. We will expand on these covers in the future to cover specific research projects currently being undertaken by the Gault School of Archaeological Research staff. The Gault School of Archaeological Research is a non-profit, 501(C)3 charitable organization dedicated to innovative, interdisciplinary research archaeology and education focusing on the earliest peoples in the western hemisphere and their cultural antecedents. The reader is encouraged to “click” around on the various cover images comprising the front and back cover border artwork to find and explore the additional rich content hidden there. Click here to open or download an informative “Appendix to the Cover Art containing this article, descriptive attribute data and a larger image of all projectile points shown on the front and back covers.

scholarly journals ADDITION OF THIAMIN AND LEAF FOLIAR IN ABACA BANANA (Musa textillis Nee.) ACCLIMATIZATION

Agrivet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Rina Srilestari ◽  
Suwardi Suwardi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Leaf Fertilizer ◽  
Range Test

The economic value of the Abaca banana is on the trunk which contains fiber for valuable textile and paper industry raw materials. The multipurpose fiber and its prospects are quite good, so the abaca plant gets a lot of attention from various community groups both private, state-owned, cooperative and farmers. Propagation through multiplication humps is very low, planting material is easily damaged in transportation, is not durable and requires large space so that transportation costs are high. One alternative to overcome the provision of healthy, large and fast seedlings is to use seedlings from tissue culture. The aim of the study is to get the right thiamin and leaf fertilizer concentrations at the acclimatization stage. The experimental design used was a 2-factor Complete Randomized Design, Thiamin concentration (1 ml / l, 2 ml / l, 3 ml / l) and leaf fertilizer (0.5 ml / l, 1 ml / l, 1.5 ml / l). The data obtained were analyzed for diversity at 5% level and further tests using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) level of 5%. The results showed no interaction between thiamin and leaf fertilizer, Thiamin 2 ml / l gave the best results on all parameters and 1.5 ml / l leaf fertilizer could increase plant height and the number of leaves of abaca banana plants.Keywords: Thiamin, leaf fertilizer, abaca banana, acclimatization

CO2 Emissions due to Cement Manufacture

2011 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Zhi Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Know How ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

With increasing concerns about global warming, and the cement plants emitting huge CO2, it is necessary to know how the CO2 emits and how much the CO2 emits due to cement manufacture in both direct and indirect ways. A precise method to calculate CO2 emissions including three processes was established in this paper and a case study was provided. From the case of LQDX plant, we can see the amount of CO2 emissions at the right level. The summary of CO2 emissions is consisted by emissions from raw materials, fuels and electricity. The direct CO2 emissions are 0.822 ton CO2 per ton clinker, and the total CO2 emissions are 0.657 ton CO2 per ton cement in this study. Therefore, the way that CO2 emissions due to cement manufacture was pictured and then measured. An approach provides a basic framework to identify various situations in different cement plants in China and other in the rest of the world. The framework would be useful in quantitatively evaluating CO2 emissions for government to know precisely CO2 emissions in cement plants.

Beauty and wellness turn towards a green economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Morganti ◽  
Gianluca Morganti ◽  
Adnan Memic ◽  
Maria Beatrice Coltelli ◽  
Hong-Duo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
The Right

: Beauty and wellness remain for both women and men an important target also because global attractiveness is considered a cue indicating the ability to maintain beauty and wellness. Consequently neuromarketing has occurred as an innovative mean to interact with consumer's trend, actually looking for high-quality and natural cosmetics and food. By the biometric studies, in fact, it seems possible to verify the consumers’ willingness to buy the right products they are looking for. On the other hand, customers are requesting cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals acting positively on the superficial appearance of face and body, seem to be able to boost the immune system also, limiting the stress conditions. This general disease is induced by the actual way of living on a planet invaded by a great quantity of waste released from human’s activities. The consequent pollution alters the ecological balance of the body, influencing negatively the life of animals and plants also. Thus, the induced stress, further increased by the COVID-19 spread, could change the human brain' neural conditions. Consequently, in humans the production of both neurons' stem cells and cortisol could decrease, while in plants, the patterns of growth could affect the leaf cuticle and stomatal conductance. Thus brain, under psychosocial stress, actively demands energy from the body, eliciting a marked increase in eating by a major carbohydrate intake which sacrifices the requirements of other organs. In any way, pollution has wide-ranging adverse health and social effects, further worsened by an increased worldwide aged population who, requiring more food and goods, increases the waste production. What the proposed solution? To change the way of consuming and producing, it is necessary to optimize the material resource, minimizing waste that should be recycled and reused by a green economy approach. So doing, it could be possible to realize a new industrial Renaissance reducing consumption of water, energy and natural raw materials. Thus the necessity to use sustainable technologies and materials for maintaining human wellbeing in an environment in which the species' biodiversity could be assured. At this purpose, chitin nanofibrils(CN), nano-lignin (NL) and their derived compounds have been proposed to make nanoparticles (NPs) by the use of water as solvent. These NPs, loaded with different active ingredients, may be embedded into innovative natural or man-made polymers and used to make biodegradable carriers in the form of non-woven tissues and films. Depending on the polymers and on the actives loaded into the fibers, these new vehicles may be used to produce smart cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals or advanced medications. It is interesting to underline that all these innovative NPs and tissue/films can be produced by natural polymers and ingredients, obtained from waste materials and produced by sustainable technologies at low consumption of water and energy, according to the new green economy.

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