scholarly journals Rancang Pengolah Air Limbah Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Sistem Elektrokoagulasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Haris Isyanto ◽  
Wahyu Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Water Waste

Ketersediaan air tanah di beberapa kawasan hunian dan tempat tinggal mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya, Seiring dengan banyaknya jumlah penduduk ini berpengaruh pada tingkat jumlah limbah cair terbuang, baik digunakan setelah digunakan mandi, maupun saat mencuci baju atau peralatan rumah tangga lainnya. Meningkatnya jumlah akan pembuangan limbah cair ini tidak diimbangi dengan kualitas dan kuantitas pengolahan air limbah, hal ini di buktikan dengan kasus-kasus pencemaran air yang terjadi di Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diatas dibuat suatu rancangan pengolahan air limbah rumah tangga menggunakan sistem Elektrokoagulasi. Elektrokoagulasi adalah proses penggumpalan dan pengendapan pertikel halus yang terkandung pada air dengan menggunakan energi listrik. Proses ini dapat mengurangi kandungan supaya limbah air rumah tangga jika dibuang tidak mencemari lingkungan dan output dari hasil ini sesuai standarisasi limbah cair. Dari hasil pengujian Proses Elektrokoagulasi ini diperoleh bahwa pada pengujian tegangan berbeban pada proses Elektrokoagulasi didapatkan rata-rata Tegangan 8,97 Volt, Arus 5,42 A, Daya 48,63 Watt. Dan pada pengujian air didapatkan PH 6.5-8.7, dan TDS 389-556 mg/L. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut diperoleh hasil kadar kualitas air sudah sesuai memenuhi strandar, maka kadar air ini aman untuk dibuang tanpa mencemari lingkungan sekitar.The availability of groundwater in several residential and residential areas has decreased every year. Along with the large population, this has an effect on the level of wastewater that is wasted, whether used after bathing, or when washing clothes or other household utensils. The increasing number of wastewater discharges is not balanced with the quality and quantity of wastewater treatment, this is evidenced by cases of water pollution that have occurred in Indonesia. To overcome this, a design for household wastewater treatment using the electrocoagulation system was made. The electrocoagulation process is applied through coagulation processing with electrical energy in the electrolysis process to reduce ions in metals and particles in water. This process can reduce the content so that household water waste if disposed of does not pollute the environment and the output of this is according to the standardization of liquid waste. From the test results of the Electrocoagulation Process, it was found that the load voltage test in the Electrocoagulation process obtained an average Voltage of 8.97 Volts, Current 5.42 A, Power 48.63 Watts. And in the water test, the pH was 6.5-8.7, and the TDS was 389-556 mg / L. From the results of these tests, it was found that the water quality content was in accordance with the standards, so this water content was safe to dispose of without polluting the surrounding environment.

Pengaturan Tegangan PLTMH 5000 WATT Menggunakan Trafo Dengan Tap Yang Terkontrol Mikrokontroler ATmega 8535

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novan Giri Prasetio
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Unstable System ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Hydro Power Plants

AbstractTalang Java Village in Sukau district, West Lampung, is a villages that have no access to electricity of PT. PLN (Persero).  To meet the demand for electricity, people used the MHP(micro hydro power plants) as a source of electrical energy. MHP in talang Java village have several problems, which one is the distance of a potential energy source to residential areas which resulted distance the center of the load to generator It is cause voltage unstable system so that the voltage at the load side at low level. To overcome problem of unstable voltage, designed a tool in the form of a transformer which can regulate the voltage on the load side to a safe level. Moreover  the transformer equipped with a control circuit based AT Mega 8535 microcontroller. The use of a controller circuit aims to control voltage changes in MHP. From the test results, found that the load side voltage after mounted transformer, an increase. At first the voltage on the load side at the level of 150 volt, then  after the installation of transformers, voltage level is at 180 volt-220 volt.Keyword: Transformer, Voltage, Microcontroller

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a mini photovoltaic cell by using light LED bulbs as a source of photon energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
Mustofa ◽  
Iskandar ◽  
Muchsin ◽  
S Suluh ◽  
T M Kamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Fresnel Lenses ◽  
Cell Module

Abstract Muxindo’s LED bulb is one of the brands that are widely used by Indonesian people as lighting in the home. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of the light spectrum of the 10, 15 and 20 Watt LED power bulbs as an energy source to generate electrical energy in monocrystalline mini photovoltaic (PV) cell module. The light spectrum is compared with and without the Fresnel lens before being transmitted to the PV surface. The test results show that the PV output power is much better with a Fresnel lens (4.06> 1.67) mW. The efficiency of PV with lens displays slightly different figures, 3.77% at 15 Watt bulb power, while without Fresnel lenses, PV efficiency is 4.86% with a 20 Watt bulb. Need further research, for example, with Philips brand LED bulbs

scholarly journals Development of the Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock Absorber as an Energy Harvesting Tool for Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Wanda Afnison ◽  
Erzeddin Alwi ◽  
Hasan Maksum ◽  
Bahrul Amin ◽  
M Yasep Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Mechanism ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Type Magnet ◽  
Regenerative Shock Absorber ◽  
Further Development

This research is a development of previous research entitled "Designing Regenerative Shock Absorber as a Vibration Energy Harvesting Tool on Vehicles" in the PUPT scheme funded by PNBP UNP 2017. In this study optimization of design oriented to energy generation was carried out while also paying attention to aspects driving comfort that might change due to the installation of a harvesting energy mechanism. One aspect of the change occurred in the type of magnet used, namely a ring type magnet with a type of neodymium material.From the test results obtained by changing the value of the efficiency of the shock absorber after the ERSA mechanism is installed by 2%, this condition also has an impact on the dissimilarity of the attenuation value obtained by 2% for the front-rear (left) and (right) wheels. In terms of generation voltage obtained the maximum generation voltage obtained is 25,600 mV. Based on the data obtained, it needs further development ERSA, especially in the aspect of the electromagnetic mechanism to optimize the generation of electrical energy.

Microbial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Arévalo ◽  
Juan Manuel Ortiz ◽  
Eduard Borràs-Camps ◽  
Victor Monsalvo-Garcia ◽  
Maria D. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Pre Treatment

The world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment. MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses. An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit. This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells. ISBN: 9781789062113 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062120 (eBook)

Microbial Fuel Cells Using Agent-Based Simulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 212-226
Author(s):  
Diogo Ortiz Machado ◽  
Diana Francisca Adamatti ◽  
Eder Mateus Nunes Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Technological Opportunity ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Model And Simulation

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) could generate electrical energy combined with the wastewater treatment and they can be a promising technological opportunity. This chapter presents an agent-based model and simulation of MFC comparing it with analytical models, to show that this approach could model and simulate these problems with more abstraction and with excellent results.

Study on a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Ng ◽  
S.L. Ong ◽  
M.J. Gomez ◽  
J.Y. Hu ◽  
X.J. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Average Flux

This study investigated the effect of MLSS concentration in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor on COD and nitrogen removal as well as flux. Two values of MLSS (5 g/l and 10 g/l) were investigated in this study. The strength of the feed was varied to achieve a target F/M ratio of 0.5 based on COD. Accordingly, the concentration of COD was determined as 3.5 and 7.0 g/l for the 5 and 10 g/l MLSS targets, respectively. The test results showed that an average COD removal of 98.5% was achievable. However, it was noted that nitrification inhibition occurred. Nitrification inhibition occurred because of two factors, namely high NH4+–N concentration and high DO demand. High NH4+–N in the feed led to the inhibition of nitratation and thus high nitrites are found in the effluent. High DO demand due to high feed COD concentration led to an extended period with low DO levels inside the reactor thus retarding the conversion of NH4+–N. The increase in the MLSS concentration from 5 to 10 g/l led to a decrease in the average flux from11.1 l/m2 · h to 9.6 l/m2 · h. An increase in aeration, from 2.0 to 8.0 l/min, did not lead to any significant improvement in terms of fouling.

Performance of basaltic dust issued from an asphaltic plant as a flocculant additive for wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
R.M. Ramírez Zamora ◽  
A. Chávez Mejía ◽  
R. Domínguez Mora ◽  
A. Durán Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Positive Effect

The feasibility of using basaltic dust as a flocculant additive or coagulant aid for wastewater treatment was assessed in this research. The experimental study was divided into two stages: 1) physicochemical characterisation of the basaltic dust by applying standardised techniques, and 2) evaluation of this material as flocculant additive for the coagulation-flocculation of wastewater treated for reuse. Coagulation-flocculation experiments were carried out in the laboratory with a mixture of industrial and municipal wastewater samples collected from two points of the final discharge of the Mexico City sewerage system. Aluminium sulphate and lime were used as coagulants and the basaltic dust as flocculant additive, by applying the jar-test technique. The results of the corrosivity, reactivity, explosiveness, toxicity, inflammability and biological risk tests indicated that this material is classified as a non-hazardous waste (according to the Mexican legislation, NOM-052-ECOL-1993). The density, oxide content and particle size values of basaltic dust were similar to those reported for the flocculant additive denominated activated silica. The jar test results showed a positive effect of basaltic dust over the effluent and sludge qualities, to the extent that coagulant doses can be reduced 30% (from 150 mg/L to 110 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3).

scholarly journals The Impact of Selected Parameters on the Condition of Activated Sludge in a Biologic Reactor in the Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ, Poland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Elwira Nowobilska-Majewska ◽  
Piotr Bugajski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to determine the condition of activated sludge in the biologic reactor located in the collective wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Targ (Poland) based on OUR tests in the aspect of the impact of sludge’s concentration in the biologic reactor and dependence of BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP in wastewater flowing into the biologic reactor. The analysis was conducted based on test results from 61 samples of activated sludge taken from the biologic reactor and 61 samples of wastewater flowing into the biologic reactor. The analysis included the concentration of sludge in the biologic reactor. The following indicators were analyzed in wastewater flowing into the reactor: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The statistical analysis concerning the impact of the analyzed factors on oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests was developed based on the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and partial correlation of many variables. Based on the results of the partial correlation analysis, nomograms were developed to determine the condition of activated sludge microorganisms (OUR) based on the BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP connection and knowledge of the sludge concentration in the bioreactor of the treatment plant. The presented nomograms can be formulated for each bioreactor based on activated sludge technology related the load of organic and biogenic pollutants in the wastewater flowing into the bioreactor and the concentration of the sludge in the bioreactor.

scholarly journals Application of electrochemical treatment for the removal of triazine dye using aluminium electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthisharmila Palanisamy ◽  
Palanisamy Nachimuthu ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Awasthi ◽  
Balasubramani Ravindran ◽  
Soon Woong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Abstract Textile effluents contain triazine-substituted reactive dyes that cause health problems such as cancer, birth defects, and hormone damage. An electrochemical process was employed effectively to degrade azo reactive dye with the aim of reducing the production of carcinogenic chemicals during biodegradation. Textile dye C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2), a model pollutant that contains dichloro triazine ring, was subjected to the electrocoagulation process using aluminium (Al) electrodes. A maximum of 97% of colour and 72% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were achieved and 9.5 kWh/kg dye electrical energy and 0.8 kg Al/kg dye electrode consumption were observed. The dye removal mechanism was studied by analysing the results of UV-Vis spectra of RR2 and treated samples at various time intervals during electrocoagulation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral studies were used for analysing the electrocoagulated flocs. The results indicate that in this process the dye gets removed by adsorption and there is no significant carcinogenic by-product formation during the degradation of dye.

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