scholarly journals Differentiating early from later diagenesis in a Cretaceous sandstone and petroleum reservoir of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Clay Robertson ◽  
Greg A. Ludvigson ◽  
R.M. Joeckel ◽  
Sahar Mohammadi ◽  
James I. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Petroleum Reservoir ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Cedar Mountain Formation ◽  
Anomalous Data ◽  
Calcite Cement ◽  
Late Diagenesis ◽  
Clastic Sedimentary

ABSTRACT Previously published anomalous whole-rock stable isotopic values from the Poison Strip Sandstone Member of the Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation (CMF) of eastern Utah are of uncertain origins. This study investigated the diagenetic history and the processes responsible for these anomalous data. Accordingly, we integrated photomicroscopic techniques including polarized light microscopy, epifluorescence and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, micromilling of stable isotope samples, and fluid-inclusion heating and freezing measurements to this end. The key observations involved the microscopic mapping of calcite cement stratigraphy using CL imaging to permit the analysis of stable isotopes of calcite cements that crystallized during early and late diagenesis. The mapping of calcite cement zones of sufficient submillimeter size to mill out and isolate microgram-sized stable isotope samples enabled this discrimination. Early diagenetic calcite cements have the most positive δ18O values (-10 to -8.5‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite [VPDB]) of all components. The pattern of δ13C and δ18O variation in this early diagenetic cement indicates affinities with early meteoric diagenesis previously documented in published literature on the CFM. The late diagenetic calcite cements yield the most negative δ18O values (-18 to -16‰ VPDB). We interpret the late diagenetic cements to be responsible for the anomalously low whole-rock δ18O values previously reported from the Poison Strip Sandstone Member. Our discoveries of bitumen in late-stage pore fillings and liquid petroleum in the fluid inclusions of late diagenetic calcite cements of the Poison Strip Sandstone Member explain the lower whole-rock organic matter δ13C values and anomalous Δ13C values reported from the unit. Comparatively lower carbonate δ18O and organic δ13C values originally derived from whole-rock analyses of samples from the Poison Strip Sandstone Member resulted from high-temperature basinal diagenesis (hydrothermal circulation and/or petroleum migration), rather than the alternative interpretation of early diagenesis related to a Cretaceous paleoclimatic perturbation. Our results are illustrative of methods to resolve the long-standing geologic problem of discriminating and characterizing products of early vs. late diagenesis in terrigenous clastic sedimentary strata.

Hydrothermal dolomitization in the Lower Silurian Sayabec Formation in northern Gaspé – Matapédia (Québec): constraint on timing of porosity and regional significance for hydrocarbon reservoirs

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Lavoie ◽  
Claude Morin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Saddle Dolomite ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Calcite Cement ◽  
Hydrocarbon Charge

Abstract The study of dolostone of the Lower Silurian Sayabec Formation of the Lac Matapédia syncline, at the western end of the Gaspé Peninsula, sheds new light on porosity development and reservoir potential of the area. The dolomitized section is close to the Shickshock Sud Fault that cuts the southern limb of the syncline. The dolostone occurs either as a highly brecciated unit or as stratiform replacement of peritidal carbonates at the base of the formation. Residual bitumen is seen in the breccia as well as filling of small secondary vugs and fractures within the stratiform dolostone. The dolostone consists predominantly of replacive matrix dolomite; petrography and oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios (δ18OVPDB = −6.3 to −7.8‰ and δ13CVPDB = 1.2 to 3.3‰) of the matrix dolomite indicate early burial formation with later recrystallization in the presence of high temperature fluids. Saddle dolomite is found as a pore-filling cement in secondary dissolution pores and fractures. Oxygen stable isotope ratios of the saddle dolomite cement (δ18OVPDB = −14.5 and −15.3‰) indicate precipitation at high temperature. Dull luminescent burial calcite cement follows saddle dolomite. Later dissolution is locally apparent in carbonates as scalloped surfaces covered by finely laminated, bright-very dull luminescent calcites. Petrography and stable isotope ratios of the calcite (δ18OVPDB = −10.1 and −11.2‰ and δ13CVPDB = −2.3 and −6.9‰) suggest precipitation from meteoric waters. Meteoric dissolution and luminescent-zoned calcite cements are related to a Pridolian sea level lowstand. This event provides a first age constraint on the timing of the hydrothermal dolomitization and hydrocarbon charge of the Sayabec Formation along the northern edge of the Gaspé Belt. The Shickshock Sud Fault channelled the hydrothermal fluids, which dolomitized the Sayabec Formation shortly after initial burial. A recent regional seismic program showed compressive structures (duplexes, backthrust, triangle zone) in the Sayabec Formation inferred to have occurred in latest Silurian–Early Devonian that generated structural traps superimposed on the stratigraphic (shaly facies) and diagenetic (tight non-dolomitized limestone) seals. Seismic anomalies (“flat spots”) in the Lower Silurian section in eastern Quebec suggest the presence of hydrocarbon-filled reservoirs.

scholarly journals Critical Review of Brown and Thomas “The First New Zealanders? An Alternative Interpretation of the Stable Isotope Data from Wairau Bar”

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0137616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Kinaston ◽  
Ben Shaw ◽  
Andrew R. Gray ◽  
Richard K. Walter ◽  
Chris Jacomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Stable Isotope Data ◽  
New Zealanders

Use of epidermal mucus in elasmobranch stable isotope studies: a pilot study using the giant manta ray (Manta birostris)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Burgess ◽  
M. Guerrero ◽  
A. J. Richardson ◽  
M. B. Bennett ◽  
A. D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
Epidermal Mucus ◽  
Manta Ray

Stable isotope analysis of tissues with different turnover rates allows for a broader temporal view of a species’ feeding habits. Epidermal mucus is a rapid to medium turnover ‘tissue’ in teleost fish, but its use in elasmobranch dietary studies is unknown. In the present study, we conducted stable isotope analysis on mucus and muscle from the giant manta ray Manta birostris. Mucus δ13C values were depleted and closer to surface zooplankton δ13C values compared with muscle, whereas there was no significant difference in δ15N values between these two tissue types. Using diet tissue discrimination factors from the literature, there was no significant difference in the expected prey profile between muscle and epidermal mucus. However, a broader range in δ13C values of expected prey was shown for mucus compared with muscle. The results suggest that if M. birostris mucus is indicative of recent dietary intake, resource use during aggregative behaviour off Ecuador is broader, but with no obvious resource switching. The present study is the first example of using bulk stable isotope analysis to evaluate mucus to investigate feeding ecology in elasmobranchs. However, the time course for the change in mucus isotope signature still needs to be determined through controlled feeding studies in an aquarium setting.

Differentiation of Pigment in Eggs Using Carbon (13C/12C) and Nitrogen (15N/14N) Stable Isotopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1032-1037
Author(s):  
Feng M Sun ◽  
Guang Y Shi ◽  
Hui W Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratio ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Carbon Stable Isotope ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Isotope Ratio Analysis ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis ◽  
Yellow Pigments

Abstract Consumers prefer natural and healthy food, but artificial pigments are often abused in egg products. The study aimed at differentiating the origin of pigments in eggs by applying the technique of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotope analysis. Five hundred sixty laying hens were randomly distributed into 14 treatments, which were divided into four groups: maize, carophyll red pigment, carophyll yellow pigment, and a mixture of carophyll red and yellow pigments. Eggs were collected and pretreated to determe the values of the Roche Yolk Color Fan (RCF), δ13C, and δ15N. With increasing maize content, the RCF and δ13C values of yolks increased. Moreover, the RCF values in the three pigment groups were significantly influenced by the artificial colors, but δ13C values were not significantly different, regardless of the existence of pigment. The δ15N values in all treatments did not vary as regularly as the carbon stable isotope. A strong positive correlation was found between RCF and δ13C in the maize group, but no such correlation was be observed in the pigment groups. It is concluded that carbon stable isotope ratio analysis (δ13C) of the yolk can be used to differentiate the origin of the pigment added to eggs.

scholarly journals Diagenetic evolution of fault zones in Urgonian microporous carbonates, impact on reservoir properties (Provence – SE France)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irène Aubert ◽  
Philippe Leonide ◽  
Juliette Lamarche ◽  
Roland Salardon
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Calcite Cement ◽  
Diagenetic Evolution ◽  
Isotopic Measurements ◽  
Se France

Abstract. Microporous carbonate rocks form important reservoirs with high a permeability variability depending of sedimentary, structural and diagenetic factors. Carbonates are very sensitive to fluids-rock interactions that trigger to secondary processes like cementation and dissolution leading to reservoir properties modifications. As they can act as drains or barriers, fault zones influence the fluid flows in the upper part of Earth crust and increase the fluid-rock interactions. The aim of this study is to identify fault zone impact on fluid flows and reservoir properties during basin geodynamic history. The study focuses on 2 fault zones of the Eastern part of La Fare Anticlinal (SE France) where Urgonian microporous carbonates underwent polyphase tectonics and diagenesis. We took 122 samples along 4 transects cross-cutting two fault zones. Porosity values have been measured on 92 dry plugs. Diagenetic properties of samples have been determined on 92 thin sections using Polarized Light Microscopy, cathodoluminescence, red alizarin, SEM and isotopic measurements (δ13C and δ18O). Height calcite cement stages and 2 micrite micro-fabrics have been identified. This study highlight that fault zones acted as drain canalizing low temperature fluids at their onset, and induced fault zone cementation with two cementation phases, what has strongly altered and modified local reservoir properties.

STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOHYDROLOGY OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS (APTIAN) POISON STRIP SANDSTONE MEMBER OF THE CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION, EASTERN UTAH

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Henry Robertson ◽  
◽  
Greg A. Ludvigson ◽  
R.M. Joeckel ◽  
J.I. Kirkland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Cedar Mountain Formation

Subannual stable isotope records reveal climate warming and seasonal anoxia associated with two extinction intervals across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary on Seymour Island, Antarctica

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Mohr ◽  
Thomas S. Tobin ◽  
Sierra V. Petersen ◽  
Andrea Dutton ◽  
Elizabeth Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Seymour Island ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Abstract High-resolution stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) sclerochronology of accretionary carbonate bivalve shells can provide subannual environmental records useful for understanding intervals of extinction, which are commonly periods of rapid change and instability. Here, we present results from high-resolution serial sampling of Lahillia larseni bivalve shells across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (KPB) on Seymour Island, Antarctica. These data highlight two intervals of anomalous δ18O and δ13C values that coincide with condensed fossil last occurrences: one at the KPB and one at an apparent extinction event 150 k.y. earlier. We interpret these two intervals to represent periods of both climate warming, as indicated by lower δ18O, and seasonal anoxia or euxinia, as evidenced by anomalously low (−21.6‰ to −3.0‰ VPDB [Vienna Peedee belemnite]) δ13C values with high (2‰ to 19‰ in magnitude) seasonal variation. Low-oxygen conditions may have acted as a kill mechanism at the earlier extinction interval and possibly prolonged recovery from the KPB extinction.

scholarly journals Distribution and origin of suspended sediments and organic carbon pools in the Tana River Basin, Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2523-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tamooh ◽  
K. Van den Meersche ◽  
F. Meysman ◽  
T. R. Marwick ◽  
A. V. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Tana River ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures

Abstract. We studied patterns in organic carbon pools and their origin in the Tana River Basin (Kenya), in February 2008 (dry season), September–November 2009 (wet season), and June–July 2010 (end of wet season), and covering the full continuum from headwater streams to lowland mainstream sites. A consistent downstream increase in total suspended matter (TSM, 0.6 to 7058 mg l−1) and particulate organic carbon (POC, 0.23 to 119.8 mg l−1) was observed during all three sampling campaigns, particularly pronounced below 1000 m above sea level, indicating that most particulate matter exported towards the coastal zone originated from the mid and low altitude zones rather than from headwater regions. This indicates that the cascade of hydroelectrical reservoirs act as an extremely efficient particle trap. The decrease in 7Be/210Pbxs ratios of TSM downstream (range: 0.43 to 1.93) during the wet season indicated that the increasing sediment load in the lower Tana was largely due to recent surface erosion. During lower flow conditions, however, the gradual longitudinal increase in TSM coincided was more variable 7Be/210Pbxs ratios (0 to 4.5), suggesting that bank erosion and/or remobilisation of older sediments are the sources of the increasing TSM concentrations downstream. With the exception of reservoir waters, POC was predominantly of terrestrial origin as indicated by generally high POC/Chl-a ratios (up to ∼ 41 000). Stable isotope signatures of POC (δ13CPOC) ranged between –32 and –20 ‰ and increased downstream, reflecting an increasing contribution of C4-derived carbon in combination with an expected shift in δ13C for C3 vegetation towards the more semi-arid lowlands. Sediments from the main reservoir (Masinga) showed δ13C values higher (–19.5 to –15.7 ‰ than found in any of the riverine samples, indicating selective retention of particles associated with C4 fraction. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were highest during the end of wet season (2.1 to 6.9 mg l−1), with a stable isotope signatures generally between –28 and –22 ‰. A consistent downstream decrease in % organic carbon (% OC) was observed for both soils, riverine sediments, and suspended matter; likely due to better preservation of the organic fraction in colder high altitude regions, with loss of carbon during downstream spiraling. Both δ13C values for soil and sediment did not exhibit clear altitudinal patterns, but values reflect the full spectrum from C3-dominated to C4-dominated sites. Very low ratios of organic carbon to mineral surface area (OC:SA) were found in reservoir sediments and suspended matter in the lower Tana River, indicating that these are stable OC pools which have undergone extensive degradation.

scholarly journals Contributions of riverborne inorganic and organic matters to the benthic food web in the East China Sea as inferred from stable isotope ratios

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1051-1081
Author(s):  
N. N. Chang ◽  
J. C. Shiao ◽  
G. C. Gong ◽  
S. J. Kao ◽  
C. H. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Food Source ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Inner Shelf ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Benthic Consumers

Abstract. Coastal areas adjoining rivers are nourished by both the riverborne nutrients and organic matters. Annually, the East China Sea (ECS) receives large quantities of particulate organic carbon transported from the Changjiang (Yangtze River), as well as nutrients, which have brought about high primary production in the ECS. This study evaluated the respective contributions of terrigenous organic matters (allochthonous food source) and nutrient-induced marine production (autochthonous food source) to the ECS benthic ecosystem by analyzing the stable isotope compositions for zooplankton, benthic crustacea and demersal fish. Zooplankton exhibited consistently higher δ13C values (−21.31‰ ~ −19.22‰) in the inner shelf than in the outer shelf. The δ13C signals of fish (−19.64‰ ~ −13.46‰) and crustacea (−18.87‰ ~ −15.00‰) showed strong reliance on the marine production across the ECS continental shelf, regardless of distance from the shore. Moreover, the benthic crustacea and fish exhibited significantly higher δ13C values in the highly productive inshore sites and the δ13C values decreased seawards, implying a higher intrusion of atmospheric CO2 and lower photosynthetic fractionation due to algal blooming in the inner shelf. The δ13C values of fish also showed significant positive correlations with the concentration of surface chlorophyll a and nitrogen. Riverborne nutrients closely linked marine benthic consumers to the terrestrial watershed and tightly coupled the pelagic and benthic ecosystems in the ECS. The stable isotope compositions of benthic consumers can act as an indicator for pelagic trophic status. The future research combining analyses of stable isotope and community structure may improve assessment on the balance between contribution and risk of phytoplankton blooms.

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