scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCING FACTORS ON BRAKE WEAR AND NON-EXHAUST EMISSION WITH REFERENCE TO APPLIED MATERIALS IN BRAKE PADS

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Saša Vasiljević ◽  
Saša Vasiljević ◽  
Jasna Glišović ◽  
Blaža Stojanović ◽  
Nadica Stojanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Brake Wear

scholarly journals Quantification of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Traffic Emissions and the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown at London Marylebone Road

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
William Hicks ◽  
Sean Beevers ◽  
Anja H. Tremper ◽  
Gregor Stewart ◽  
Max Priestman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

This research quantifies current sources of non-exhaust particulate matter traffic emissions in London using simultaneous, highly time-resolved, atmospheric particulate matter mass and chemical composition measurements. The measurement campaign ran at Marylebone Road (roadside) and Honor Oak Park (background) urban monitoring sites over a 12-month period between 1 September 2019 and 31 August 2020. The measurement data were used to determine the traffic increment (roadside–background) and covered a range of meteorological conditions, seasons, and driving styles, as well as the influence of the COVID-19 “lockdown” on non-exhaust concentrations. Non-exhaust particulate matter (PM)10 concentrations were calculated using chemical tracer scaling factors for brake wear (barium), tyre wear (zinc), and resuspension (silicon) and as average vehicle fleet non-exhaust emission factors, using a CO2 “dilution approach”. The effect of lockdown, which saw a 32% reduction in traffic volume and a 15% increase in average speed on Marylebone Road, resulted in lower PM10 and PM2.5 traffic increments and brake wear concentrations but similar tyre and resuspension concentrations, confirming that factors that determine non-exhaust emissions are complex. Brake wear was found to be the highest average non-exhaust emission source. In addition, results indicate that non-exhaust emission factors were dependent upon speed and road surface wetness conditions. Further statistical analysis incorporating a wider variability in vehicle mix, speeds, and meteorological conditions, as well as advanced source apportionment of the PM measurement data, were undertaken to enhance our understanding of these important vehicle sources.

Brake Wear Particle Size and Shape Analysis of Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) and Semi Metallic Brake Pad

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain, S. ◽  
M.K Abdul Hamid ◽  
A.R Mat Lazim ◽  
A.R. Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Particle ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

Brake wear particles resulting from friction between the brake pad and disc are common in brake system. In this work brake wear particles were analyzed based on the size and shape to investigate the effects of speed and load applied to the generation of brake wear particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify the size, shape and element compositions of these particles. Two types of brake pads were studied which are non-asbestos organic and semi metallic brake pads. Results showed that the size and shape of the particles generatedvary significantly depending on the applied brake load, and less significantly on brake disc speed. The wear particle becomes bigger with increasing applied brake pressure. The wear particle size varies from 300 nm to 600 µm, and contained elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, sulfur and iron.

scholarly journals Representativeness of airborne brake wear emission for the automotive industry: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702199301
Author(s):  
Florian Philippe ◽  
Martin Morgeneyer ◽  
Maiqi Xiang ◽  
Maheandar Manokaran ◽  
Brice Berthelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Characterization ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Pm10 Emissions

Brake wear gives 16%–55% by mass to total non-exhaust traffic related PM10 emissions in urban environments. While engines have become cleaner in the past decades, few improvements were made to lower non-exhaust emission until recently. Researchers have developed several experimental methods over the past years to assess brake emissions. However, observations tend to differ from a method to another with respect to many disciplines, ranging from particle system characterization to brake cycles, and it remains difficult to compare results of different research groups. It is so crucial to get a consensus on the standard experimental method. The following article lists limits which influence measurements and has to be taken into account when comparing works from different laboratories. This article also discusses how to design tests to get a relevant braking particle system characterization.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterization Protocols for Wear Products from Disc Brake Materials

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Sinha ◽  
Gloria Ischia ◽  
Cinzia Menapace ◽  
Stefano Gialanella
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Brake Wear Particles ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Wear Products ◽  
Main Material

The increasing interest in the emission from the disc brake system poses new challenges for the characterization approaches used to investigate the particles emitted from the wearing out of the relevant tribological systems. This interest stems from different factors. In the first place, a thorough characterization of brake wear particles is important for a complete understanding of the active tribological mechanisms, under different testing and servicing conditions. This information is an important prerequisite not only for the general improvement of brake systems, but also to guide the development of new materials for discs and brake pads, responding better to the specific requirements, including not only performance, but also the emission behavior. In this review paper, the main material characterization protocols used for the analyses of the brake wear products, with particular regard for the airborne fraction, are presented. Reliable results require investigating the fine and ultrafine particles as concerns their composition together with their structural and microstructural aspects. For this reason, in general, multi-analytical protocols are very much recommended.

The analysis of the influential parameters that cause particles formation during the braking process: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110047
Author(s):  
Sasa Vasiljevic ◽  
Jasna Glišović ◽  
Blaza Stojanovic ◽  
Nadica Stojanovic ◽  
Ivan Grujic
Keyword(s):  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Exhaust Particles ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Influential Parameters

The braking system is one of the important systems from the aspect of vehicle safety, but it is also one of the systems that has a significant impact on the environment. Brakes are considered to be a source of non-exhaust particles, that is sources that create particles by the wear of the elements that are in contact with each other, and in this case, the brake friction elements (brake pads and rotating disc). Such particles often contain heavy metals that are part of the friction elements. There are a number of influencing factors that can affect the wear of the friction elements and increase the concentration of the formed particles. Laboratory methods of testing wear and particle formation, road tests and various simulations of brake wear are most often used for testing. In this paper, a review of methodologies for testing the formation of particles from the braking system, the materials used in the composition of the friction elements of the brake, as well as factors affecting the wear rate and concentration of particles of different sizes, based on the conclusions of other authors is presented. Based on this review, it can be concluded which quantities and factors need special attention during further research in the mechanism of formation of non-exhaust particles whose source is the vehicle braking system.

POSSIBLE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BOWEL CLEANLINESS DURING COLONOSCOPY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Iozsef ◽  
O Ilyés ◽  
P Miheller ◽  
AV Patai
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors

Reliability-Based Assessment of the Truck Safe Following Distance Considering Multiple Influencing Factors

CICTP 2017 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Dong ◽  
Wenjun Du ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Qi Deng ◽  
Xiaodong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors

Entrepreneurial Mindset

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa FAIN ◽  
Michel ROD ◽  
Erik BOHEMIA
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Commerce Students ◽  
Case Based

This paper explores the influence of teaching approaches on entrepreneurial mindset of commerce, design and engineering students across 3 universities. The research presented in this paper is an initial study within a larger project looking into building ‘entrepreneurial mindsets’ of students, and how this might be influenced by their disciplinary studies. The longitudinal survey will measure the entrepreneurial mindset of students at the start of a course and at the end. Three different approaches to teaching the courses were employed – lecture and case based, blended online and class based and fully project-based course. The entrepreneurial mindset growth was surprisingly strongest within the engineering cohort, but was closely followed by the commerce students, whereas the design students were slightly more conservative in their assessments. Future study will focus on establishing what other influencing factors beyond the teaching approaches may relate to the observed change.

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