Understanding Children’s Perspectives on the Definitions and Importance of Play

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Children’S Perspectives ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Children’S Agency ◽  
Canadian City

Ideas about children and play are socially constructed by hegemonic societal values, beliefs, and institutions. Research engages with children’s play in ways that are constructed and reinforced by adults. Therefore, it is important to deconstruct dominant discourses about play because they are used to maintain adult-dominated power stratification and enforce normative beliefs. This study aims to understand how children define, conceptualize, and operationalize play in ways that may diverge from adult assumptions. Focusing on 6-9 year olds in a mid-sized Canadian city, it makes an important contribution to the field, which is overwhelming based on studies conducted in the United States. This study uses a drawing analysis to elicit children’s perspectives, which are frequently ignored in adult-centric research. Five to ten children will be recruited from an afterschool program. The children will draw pictures of themselves playing and be interviewed about their drawings. The results will be interpreted within the paradigms of the new sociology of childhood and playwork. These theories acknowledge the socially constructed nature of children and play, engage with children’s agency, and address the power dynamics that govern adult-child relations. This study does not aim to make predictable or generalizable findings. Instead, this study focuses on eliciting and expressing the opinions and worldviews of the children who participate. Expected results are that children conceptualize play in non-traditional ways that adults do not consider.

Definitions of Gifted and Talented Used in the United States

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Don Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
State Department Of Education

This article examines a survey and analysis of 41 State Department of Education definitions of gifted and talented. A conceptual framework of components is presented as a means of definition analysis. Definitions are examined and discussed in relation to those characteristic components. Current trends in definitions are placed in an historical context revealing the expansion and refinement of expansion components in definitions for the gifted and talented. The definition issue is discussed in relation to societal values and expectations as they pertain to gifted individuals.

scholarly journals Having an Adult Child in the United States, Physical Functioning, and Unmet Needs for Care Among Older Mexican Adults

Epidemiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Torres ◽  
Kara E. Rudolph ◽  
Oleg Sofrygin ◽  
Rebeca Wong ◽  
Louise C. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
Needs For Care ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Unmet Needs For Care

scholarly journals Re-envisioning Doctoral Mentorship in the United States: A Power-Conscious Review of the Literature

10.28945/4735 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Genia M. Bettencourt ◽  
Rachel E. Friedensen ◽  
Megan L Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Direct Applicability ◽  
Important Form ◽  
The U.S

Aim/Purpose: Multiple barriers exist within doctoral education in the United States that can undermine the success of students, particularly for students with marginalized identities. While mentorship can provide an important form of support, it must be done in an intentional way that is mindful of issues of equity and power. Background: By applying a power-conscious framework to current practices of doctoral mentorship in the U.S., we propose key considerations to help support doctoral students and shift power imbalances. Methodology: As a scholarly paper, this work draws upon a comprehensive review of existing research on doctoral mentorship in the U.S. Contribution: As a relatively recent development, the power-conscious framework provides an important tool to address issues of inequity that has not yet been applied to doctoral mentorship to our knowledge. Such a framework provides clear implications for mentorship relationships, institutional policies, and future research. Findings: The power-conscious framework has direct applicability to and possibility for reshaping doctoral mentorship in the U.S. as well as elsewhere. Each of the six foci of the framework can be integrated with research on doctoral students to help formal and informal mentors enhance their practice. Recommendations for Practitioners: Throughout our analysis, we pose questions for mentors to consider in order to reflect upon their practice and engage in further exploration. Recommendation for Researchers: Research on doctoral mentorship should explicitly engage with broader dynamics of power, particularly as related to understanding the experiences of marginalized student populations. Impact on Society: The demanding nature of and precarity within U.S. doctoral education leads to high rates of departure and burnout amongst students. By re-envisioning mentorship, we hope to begin a broader re-imagining of doctoral education to be more equitable and supportive of students. Future Research: To examine these claims, future research should explore doctoral student mentorship relationships and how power dynamics are contained therein both within the U.S. and in international contexts.

scholarly journals Stars in their eyes: magazines and celebrity content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Fulford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
German Sociologist ◽  
Dramatic Arts ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the celebrity phenomenon as it relates to consumer magazines produced in the United States. Boorstin's definition of the term celebrity is a broad one, encompassing all persons who are known simply for their "well-knownness," regardless of vocation (Boorstin 57). For the purposes of this paper, this classification will be abridged, focussing solely on well-known persons or celebrities engaged in the dramatic arts. George Simmel, a first generation German sociologist whose work has had a seminal influence on the development of modern philosophy and sociology, addresses the role of the actor in shaping public opinion and, in turn, reality. More recently, scholars across a diversity of fields from sociology to film studies, such as Alberoni, Dyer, Gamson, Kellner, and Moran, have examined the influence of celebrities on societal values and culture. Film critic Richard Schickel has gone so far as to call celebrity "possibly the - most vital shaping (that is to say, distorting force) in our society" (xi).

scholarly journals Disability Ethos as Invention in the United States’ Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Centuries

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily D. Stones ◽  
Craig A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Disability Culture ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World

This article posits that disability activists routinely present a disability “ethos of invention” as central to the reformation of an ableist society. Dominant societal approaches to disability injustice, such as rehabilitation, accessibility, and inclusion, may touch upon the concept of invention; but, with ethotic discourse, we emphasize disability as generative and adept at producing new ways of knowing and being in the world. We identify an “ethos of invention” as driving early resistance to socially constructed “normalcy”, leading the push for cross-disability alliances to incorporate intersectional experiences and propelling the discursive move from inclusion to social justice. Through our partial re-telling of disability rights history, we articulate invention as central to it and supporting its aims to affirm disability culture, reform society through disabled perspectives and values, and promote people with disabilities’ full participation in society.

Disenfranchised Grief and Families’ Experiences of Death After Police Contact in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 003022281984642
Author(s):  
David Baker ◽  
Dana Norris ◽  
Veroniki Cherneva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disenfranchised Grief ◽  
Loved One ◽  
White Families ◽  
Grieving Process ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

This article examines the experiences of family members when a loved one dies after police contact in the United States. It uses qualitative data from semistructured interviews with the bereaved families of 43 U.S. citizens who died after police contact and considers their experiences as covictims of homicide. It examines how they experience grief in the aftermath of such a death and considers Doka’s concept of disenfranchised grief in evaluating how social norms affect their grieving process. It argues that individuals affected by deaths after police contact are often unable to grieve in a way that is socially legitimized. The article finds that disenfranchised grief has a racial dimension with regard to deaths after police contact with non-White families being deeply affected by it due to their position within society, the context in which their loved one died, and in terms of how the deceased was socially constructed.

A Legacy of Exclusion: The Geopolitics of Immigration and Latinas/os in the South

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalidy Matos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
The South ◽  
Us South ◽  
Immigration Legislation ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Past

“A Legacy of Exclusion” briefly traces the historical migration of Latinas/os to the US South, countering the myth that the migration of Latinas/os to the region is new. Additionally, the piece argues that the exclusion Latinas/os face in the region is a continuation of racist policies and unequal power dynamics in the South that link Latina/o presence to a longer historical past and legacy. Through an examination of Alabama’s anti-immigration legislation, HB 56, I make two interrelated arguments. First, I argue that although there is nothing new about Latina/o migration to the region, what is new is the geopolitics of immigration — specifically, the proliferation of immigration enforcement within the interior of the United States. Second, these kinds of racist exclusionary projects have historical precedent. The contemporary regulation of nonwhite bodies is part of a much longer legacy of social control in the United States. Moving forward, I urge scholars of Latina/o studies and related fields whose focus is on the US South to engage with the history of settler colonialism, the displacement of native peoples, and the African American history of this region as a way to make important historical connections among and across racialized and otherized groups.

Lilanga, George (1934–2005)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Siegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Open Mouth ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Horizon Line

George Lilanga was a contemporary Tanzanian artist best known for his colorful paintings and sculptures of mashetani, or devils in Kiswahili, and transforming a Makonde art form developed in the 1950s into an international brand. Although his works have been exhibited widely in the United States, Europe, and Japan since the late 1970s, he received little recognition in Tanzania until the 21st Century, over twenty years after he first garnered international attention. Lilanga’s diverse work is unified by playful mashetani performing scenes of daily life in villages and cities in Tanzania. The spirits are typically depicted as hairless creatures with large ears, a wide-open mouth, prominent teeth, and a protruding stomach. Their hands only have two fingers, and their feet have three toes. Mashetani inhabiting village scenes are often depicted bare-chested with a wrap around their waist, while those in urban scenes are shown wearing Western clothing. Lilanga’s style is characterized by a sinuous line and bright, saturated hues. His two-dimensional works feature forms outlined in black or white. His compositions have no horizon line, and rarely include any environmental details. Lilanga’s themes are often commentary on changing societal values, with his titles providing aphorisms encouraging traditional morals.

Current State of Chinese and USA Healthcare and Corona Care (COVID-19) in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Development ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Free Market Capitalism ◽  
The Usa

As Chinese and African countries grow in trade and economic development so has the soft power dynamics. Healthcare has been an area where the Chinese have dominated the area for the last decade. The USA has been in a decline and has been absent in providing the leadership in healthcare soft power dynamics. The partisan politics in the USA has consumed the United States Agency for International Development bringing an era of Chinese experimentation with a free market (capitalism) and toying with international development superpower status. Yet, there are still areas of improvement for healthcare in Africa between United States America (USA) and China (PRC). Africans have become used to engaging with the Chinese in the hope of meeting their developmental healthcare goals. But the acceptance of the Chinese healthcare and medicine in Africa is a game changer in the healthcare diplomacy arena.

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