Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between Maternal Body Mass Index and Spontaneous Fetal Movements

Body Movements ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Fetal Movements ◽

Maternal body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be associated with the number of fetal body movements and the duration of fetal breathing movements in hypertensive pregnant women (Brown et al., 2008). However, whether a relationship exists in pregnancies classified as overweight or normal weight but not complicated by hypertension is unknown and the focus of this study. Forty-five maternal-fetal pairs (normotensive, normal weight=15; normotensive, overweight=15; hypertensive=15) who had participated in a study of fetal behavior which included a 20 min real-time ultrasound scan observation of fetal movements were randomly selected from the laboratory archival database. Gestational age at testing ranged from 33-39 weeks [M(SD)= 36.2 (1.4) weeks]. All infants were delivered healthy at term. Video-recordings of the ultrasound scans were scored for the number of fetal body movements (interrater reliability r=.97) and the cumulative duration of breathing (interrater reliability r=.94) movements. The number of fetal body movements differed between groups, F(2,38)=3.19, p=0.05, with fetuses of overweight mothers moving less frequently than those of normal weight mothers (M=9.7 vs 15.5, respectively). Maternal BMI prior to pregnancy, r=-0.43, p<0.01, and at time of observation, r=-0.44, p<0.01, was associated with the number of fetal body movements, but not with duration of breathing movements. As BMI increased, the number of fetal body movements decreased. It was concluded that maternal BMI may affect the number of spontaneous fetal movements. A prospective study is necessary to determine whether BMI should be considered when using body movement counts to assess well-being and/or neurodevelopment.

Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index and Amniotic Fluid Index on the Accuracy of Sonographic Estimation of Fetal Weight in Late Gestation

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1618588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (13) ◽

pp. 1235-1240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Burton Rochelson ◽

Leah Stork ◽

Stephanie Augustine ◽

Meir Greenberg ◽

Cristina Sison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Amniotic Fluid Index ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Substantial Error ◽

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect, if any, of maternal body mass index (BMI) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) on the accuracy of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 40 to 42 weeks' gestation. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton gestations with ultrasound performed at 40 to 42 weeks from 2010 to 2013. In this study, patients with documented BMI and sonographic EFW and AFI, concurrently, within 7 days of delivery were included. Chronic medical conditions and fetal anomalies were excluded from this study. The primary variable of interest was the rate of substantial error in EFW, defined as absolute percentage error (APE) >10%. Results A total of 1,000 pregnancies were included. Overall, the APE was 6.0 ± 4.5% and the rate of substantial error was 17.4% (n = 174). There was no significant difference in APE or rate of substantial error between BMI groups. In the final multivariable logistic regression model, the rate of substantial error was increased in women with oligohydramnios (OR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.10–2.92). Furthermore, oligohydramnios was significantly more likely to overestimate EFW while polyhydramnios was more likely to underestimate EFW. Maternal BMI did not affect the accuracy of sonographic EFW. Conclusion Sonographic EFW may be affected by extremes of AFI in the postdates period. Maternal BMI does not affect EFW accuracy at 40 to 42 weeks.

Maternal Body Mass Index and Breastfeeding Non-Initiation and Cessation: A Quantitative Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2684

Author(s):

Kyoko Nomura ◽

Sachiko Minamizono ◽

Kengo Nagashima ◽

Mariko Ono ◽

Naomi Kitano

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quantitative Review ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

This study aims to investigate which maternal body mass index (BMI) categories are associated with the non-initiation or cessation of breastfeeding (BF) based on a quantitative review of the literature. We searched Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCO CINAHL for peer-reviewed articles published between 1946 (MEDLINE) or 1981 (CINAHL), and 2019. Selected studies were either cross-sectional or cohort studies, of healthy mothers and infants, that reported nutrition method (exclusive/full or any) and period (initiation/duration/cessation) of breastfeeding according to maternal BMI levels. Pairwise meta-analyses of 57 studies demonstrated that the pooled odds risks (OR) of not initiating BF among overweight and obese mothers compared to normal weight mothers were significant across 29 (OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.54, I2 = 98%) and 26 studies (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.33–1.95, I2 = 99%), respectively; the pooled risks for BF cessation were inconsistent in overweight and obese mothers with substantial heterogeneity. However, we found that overweight mothers (n = 10, hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25; I2 = 23%) and obese mothers (n = 7, HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27–1.65; I2 = 44%) were both associated with an increased risk of not continuing any BF and exclusive BF, respectively. Overweight and obese mothers may be at increased risk of not initiating or the cessation of breastfeeding.

Maternal body mass index in pregnancy and mental disorders in adult offspring: a record linkage study in Aberdeen, Scotland

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94511-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen ◽

Katri Räikkönen ◽

Sohinee Bhattacharya ◽

Rebecca M. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Body Mass ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Maternal Bmi ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstractMaternal obesity in pregnancy predicts offspring psychopathology risk in childhood but it remains unclear whether maternal obesity or underweight associate with adult offspring mental disorders. We examined longitudinally whether maternal body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy predicted mental disorders in her offspring and whether the associations differed by offspring birth year among 68,571 mother–child dyads of Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank, Scotland. The offspring were born 1950–1999. Maternal BMI was measured at a mean 15.7 gestational weeks and classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, moderate obesity and severe obesity. Mental disorders were identified from nationwide registers carrying diagnoses of all hospitalizations and deaths in Scotland in 1996–2017. We found that maternal BMI in pregnancy was associated with offspring mental disorders in a time-dependent manner: In offspring born 1950–1974, maternal underweight predicted an increased hazard of mental disorders [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.01–3.00)]. In offspring born 1975–1999, maternal severe obesity predicted increased hazards of any mental (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.08–2.38) substance use (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.03–3.57) and schizophrenia spectrum (HR 2.80; 95% CI 1.40–5.63) disorders. Our findings of time-specific associations between maternal prenatal BMI and adult offspring mental disorders may carry important public health implications by underlining possible lifelong effects of maternal BMI on offspring psychopathology.

Health Care Consumption during Pregnancy in relation to Maternal Body Mass Index: A Swedish Population Based Observational Study

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2015/215683 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elisabeth S. Lindholm ◽

Daniel Altman ◽

Margareta Norman ◽

Marie Blomberg

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Observational Study ◽

Patient Care ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Women ◽

Health Care Consumption ◽

Maternal Body

Objective. To assess whether antenatal health care consumption is associated with maternal body mass index (BMI).Design. A register based observational study.Methods. The Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Maternal Health Care Register, and the Inpatient Register were used to determine antenatal health care consumption according to BMI categories for primiparous women with singleton pregnancies, from 2006 to 2008,n=71,638. Pairwise comparisons among BMI groups are obtained post hoc by Tukey HSD test.Result. Obese women were more often admitted for in-patient care (p<0.001), had longer antenatal hospital stays (p<0.001), and were more often sick-listed by an obstetrician (p<0.001) during their pregnancy, compared to women with normal weight women. Preeclampsia was more than four times as common, hypertension five times as common, and gestational diabetes 11 times as common when comparing in-patient care, obese to normal weight women (p<0.001for all comparisons). Underweight mothers had longer stay in hospitals (p<0.05) and hydronephrosis and hyperemesis gravidarum were more than twice as common (bothp<0.001).Conclusion. Obese and underweight mothers consumed significantly more health care resources and obese women were significantly more often sick-listed during their pregnancy when compared to pregnant women of normal weight.

Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related complications in preterm infants

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyaa088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1647-1660

Author(s):

Ayoub Mitha ◽

Ruoqing Chen ◽

Stefan Johansson ◽

Neda Razaz ◽

Sven Cnattingius

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Seizures ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Apgar Scores ◽

Abstract Background Little is known about the associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and asphyxia-related morbidity in preterm infants (<37 weeks). We aimed to investigate associations between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related neonatal complications in preterm infants (<37 weeks) and to examine whether possible associations were mediated by overweight- or obesity-related complications. Methods In this Swedish population-based cohort of 62 499 singleton non-malformed preterm infants born from 1997 to 2011, risks of low Apgar scores (0–3) at 5 and 10 minutes, neonatal seizures and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were estimated through two analytical approaches. In the conventional approach, the denominator for risk was all live births at a given gestational age. In the fetuses-at-risk (FAR) approach, the denominator for risk was ongoing pregnancies at a given gestational age. Results Using the conventional approach, adjusted risk ratios per 10-unit BMI increase were 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.54] and 1.37 (95% CI 1.12–1.67) for low Apgar scores at 5 and 10 minutes, respectively; 1.28 (95% CI 1.00–1.65) for neonatal seizures; and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01–1.37) for IVH. Using the FAR approach, corresponding risks were higher. These associations varied by gestational age (<32 and 32–36 weeks). Associations between maternal BMI and asphyxia-related outcomes were partly mediated through lower gestational age. Conclusions Increasing maternal BMI in early pregnancy is associated with increased risks of severe asphyxia-related complications in preterm infants. Our findings add to the evidence to support interventions to reduce obesity in woman of reproductive age.

Maternal Body Mass Index during Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1177/1753495x12472643 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wendy Y Craig ◽

Glenn E Palomaki ◽

Louis M Neveux ◽

James E Haddow

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Neurocognitive Development ◽

Background: This hypothesis generating study explores second trimester maternal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy and offspring neurocognitive development. Methods: Mothers and offspring served as controls in two earlier studies: 101 children at age two years and 118 children at age eight years. Results Frequency of maternal BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 increased from 10% in 1987-1990 to 30% in 2004-2006 ( P < 0.001); the socioeconomic gradient became more pronounced. At age two, one or more BSID-III (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition) scores <85 were more frequent with higher maternal BMI ( P = 0.029); regression analysis suggested an inverse relationship between language scores and BMI ( P = 0.054). Among eight-year-olds, one or more WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition) scores <85 increased with maternal BMI ( P = 0.017); regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between performance subscale IQ score and BMI ( P = 0.023). Conclusion: Second trimester maternal obesity may be an independent risk factor for some aspects of children's neurocognitive development. Further study is indicated.