Frequency of diabetes, complications and vascular risk factors in male and female population of Al-Jouf, KSA

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of UUI at age 68 and the contribution of vascular risk factors to male and female UUI pathogenesis in addition to the associations with raised BMISubjects and methods1762 participants were from the MRC National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD) birth cohort, who answered the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire short form (ICIQ-SF) at age 68. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between UUI and earlier life vascular risk factors including: lipid status, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) diagnosis; adjusting for smoking status, physical activity, co-presentation of SUI symptoms, educational attainment and in women only, type of menopause, age at period cessation and use of hormone replacement therapy.ResultsUUI was reported by 12% of men and 19% of women at 68. Female sex, previous stroke or TIA diagnosis, increased BMI and hypertension (in men only) at age 60-64 were independent risk factors for UUI. Female sex, increased BMI and a previous diagnosis of stroke/ TIA increased the relative risk of more severe UUI symptoms. Type and timing of menopause and HRT use did not alter the estimated associations between UUI and vascular risk factors in women.ConclusionMultifactorial mechanisms lead to UUI and vascular risk factors may contribute to pathogenesis of bladder overactivity in addition to higher BMI. Severe UUI appears to be a distinct presentation with more specific contributory mechanisms than milder UUI.

Download Full-text

The Spectrum of Cerebrovascular Disease and Associated Cognitive Decline

The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190664121.013.27 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 574-599

Author(s):

Victoria J. Williams ◽

Steven E. Arnold ◽

David H. Salat

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Health ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

And Function

Throughout the lifespan, common variations in systemic health and illness contribute to alterations in vasculature structure and function throughout the body, significantly increasing risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a prevalent cause of mortality in late life; it also promotes brain alterations, contributing to cognitive decline and, when severe, vascular dementia. Even prior to diseased states, individual variation in CVD risk is associated with structural and functional brain alterations. Yet, how cumulative asymptomatic alterations in vessel structure and function contribute to more subtle changes in brain tissue integrity and function that emerge in late life is unclear. Finally, vascular risk factors are associated with the clinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, recent theory posits that vascular degeneration may serve a contributory role in these conditions. This chapter reviews how lifespan changes in vascular health contribute to degenerative changes in neural tissue and the subsequent development of cognitive impairment and/or vascular dementia. It first discusses associations between vascular risk factors and cognition and also how declining vascular health may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Next, it identifies basic aspects of cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology sustaining tissue health and discusses how vulnerabilities of this system contribute to neurodegenerative changes. Finally, it reviews evidence of vascular contributions to AD and presents ideas for future research to better understand the full spectrum of cerebrovascular contributions to brain aging, cognitive decline, and dementia.

Download Full-text

The impact of vascular risk factors on the thickness and volume of the choroid in AMD patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94676-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elżbieta Krytkowska ◽

Aleksandra Grabowicz ◽

Katarzyna Mozolewska-Piotrowska ◽

Zofia Ulańczyk ◽

Krzysztof Safranow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Average Volume ◽

Central Ring ◽

Age Related ◽

The Impact ◽

Wet Amd

AbstractDisturbances in choroidal microcirculation may lead to the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to assess changes in the choroidal volume and thickness in the macular region in AMD eyes and to investigate whether coexisting vascular risk factors alter choroidal status. We enrolled 354 AMD patients (175 dry, 179 wet AMD) and 121 healthy controls. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and assessment of choroidal thickness and volume. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status revealed that wet AMD was an independent factor associated with higher average thickness of the central ring area (ATC) and average volume of the central ring area (AVC) and lower choroidal vascularity index (CVI) compared to controls (β = + 0.18, p = 0.0007, β = + 0.18, p = 0.0008, respectively) and to dry AMD (β = + 0.17, p = 0.00003 for both ATC and AVC and β = − 0.30 p < 0.0001 for CVI). ATC, AVC and average volume (AV) were lower in AMD patients with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The duration of hypertension was inversely correlated with ATC, AVC and AV (Rs = − 0.13, p < 0.05; Rs = − 0.12; p < 0.05, Rs = − 0.12; p < 0.05, respectively) while IHD duration negatively correlated with AV (Rs = − 0.15, p < 0.05). No such associations were observed in the control group. Our findings show that the choroidal vascular system in eyes with AMD is much more susceptible to damage in the presence than in the absence of systemic vascular disease.

Download Full-text