scholarly journals THEORY OF CREATION OF THE INSURGENT-GUERRILLA LIBERATION ARMY IN THE MILITARY-HISTORICAL WORKS OF OUN MEMBERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-351
Author(s):  
Svitlana Lisina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

Summary. The purpose of this research is to study the theoretical works of OUN activists on the creation of an insurgent-guerrilla liberation army, which have not lost their significance for the development of modern Ukraine and the reforming of its Armed Forces. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and the synthesis of comparative and problem-chronological methods of researching the works of OUN soldiers on the creation of the Ukrainian army. The scientific novelty lies in the implementation of one of the first attempts at a comprehensive study of OUN propaganda and journalistic materials on military-organizational activities, which clarifies the role of the Organization’s military figures in the formation and development of its basic principles on the eve of World War II. Conclusions. On the basis of the relevant funds of the State Archive of Lviv Region (SALR), memoirs, nationalist newspapers and magazines, fundamental monographs and dissertations, the role of OUN leaders E. Konovalets, M. Kolodzinskyi, O. Gasyn, R. Yaryi, Z. Kossak is covered on the creation of the liberation army in military-historical and military-theoretical works. The main materials, which consider the issues of the coming war, tactics and strategy of Ukrainian nationalists, military doctrine and military training were prepared by: M. Kolodzinskyi ‒ "Ukrainian military doctrine", Z. Kossak ‒ "44 rules of life of the Ukrainian nationalist", R. Yaryi ‒ "Military education of youth", E. Konovalets ‒ "Military Affairs", "Military Training". The creative achievements of OUN military figures were marked by a wide range and depth of thinking, high professionalism. All educational and theoretical developments of OUN soldiers are a source for studying the military-historical thought about the activities of the nationalist organization of 1929‒1939. This legacy can be used in the not yet completed state-building processes of modern Ukraine, the reforming of the Armed Forces of the state, the prospect of our country’s accession to European structures and NATO.

Settling Scores: German Music, Denazification, and the Americans, 1945-1953. By David Monod. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2005. Pp. xiv+325. $45.00. ISBN 0-8078-2944-7.

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-352
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Potter
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
American Military ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military

The impetus among Germany's cultural elite to mark the end of World War II as a “zero hour” has been analyzed mainly as a German phenomenon, with considerably less attention to the role of the occupying forces in fostering that mentality. Settling Scores offers a long-awaited analysis of the American Military Government's precarious navigation in the music world, one of the most sensitive cultural areas for both the conquerors and the conquered. Most histories of twentieth-century German music and culture suffer from a basic misunderstanding of this tumultuous time and uncritically accept many of the prejudices it engendered. As this study demonstrates, the notion of a musical “zero hour” is one such misconception, for the imperfect projects of denazification and reeducation left the musical world of the post-war period largely indistinguishable from its pre-war existence. Based on thorough archival research, interviews with eyewitnesses, and a wide range of literature, this highly readable and engaging history reveals in detail the successes and failures of the Military Government's ambitious agenda to root out the musical “Führers” of the Third Reich and to transform music from a tool of nationalist aggression to one of democratic tolerance.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
R. Sossa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Topographic Mapping ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ussr Council ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

The basic principles and current state of topographic mapping of the territory of Ukraine are considered. Prior to the proclamation of Ukraine's independence, its territory was covered by topographic maps in the scale of 1:10 000 to 1: 1 000 000, created by the Main Department of Geodesy and Cartography under the USSR Council of Ministers and the Military Topographic Service of the USSR Armed Forces. The interaction of these departments in topographic mapping is highlighted. The topographic study of Ukrainian territory as of 1991 is analyzed in detail. Today the content of most topographic maps of scales from 1:10 000 to 1: 200 000 is characterized by "aging" of information and does not correspond to the current state of the area. The unsatisfactory state of topographic study of the territory led to the unclaimed topographic maps with much outdated information for consumers, and for the military it very difficult to perform combat tasks. The needs of current topographic information users require a significant improvement in topographic maps content. Since the mid-1990s, the creation of national geospatial data infrastructures has become crucial for providing spatial information to the state and society. The basic principles and general requirements for the creation and updating of state topographic maps are now defined by the "Procedure for national topographic and thematic mapping" (2013). The adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data", giving a powerful impetus to topographic mapping, poses a responsible task of organizational and regulatory and technical support of this process. The issue of obtaining topographic maps from the topographic database requires scientific and technical elaboration, development of appropriate normative and technical documents (guides, principles, instructions, symbols, etc.).

scholarly journals THE ARCHERS OF CLASSICAL ATHENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
David M. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Military Innovation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation

The armed forces that Athens took into the Peloponnesian War had four distinct corps. The two that have been studied the most are the cavalry corps and the navy. The same level of focus is now paid to the hoplite corps. In contrast to these three branches, the archers continue to be largely unstudied. Indeed, the last dedicated study of this corps was published in 1913. This neglect of the archers by military historians is unjustified. The creation of the archer corps in the late 480sbcwas a significant military innovation. For the rest of the fifth century, Athens constantly deployed archers in a wide range of important combat roles. In the late 430s the state spent as much on them as it did on the cavalry.

Lebanon: A Military in Politics in a Divided Society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Barak
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Divided Society ◽  
The Military

Since Lebanon’s independence in the mid-1940s, its military—the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF)—has played a pivotal role in the country’s politics. The political role of the LAF in Lebanon might seem surprising since the Lebanese state did not militarize, and its political leaders have continuously managed to keep their military relatively weak and small. Indeed, in this respect Lebanon has been markedly different from its close neighbors (Syria and Israel), but also from several other Middle Eastern states (especially Egypt and Iraq), where the military, which was large and powerful, was continuously involved in politics. Additionally, both Lebanon and the LAF have persistently striven to distance themselves from regional conflicts since 1949, particularly in relation to the Palestinian issue, albeit not always successfully. Still, and despite these ostensibly unfavorable factors for the military’s involvement in politics in Lebanon, the LAF has played an important political role in the state since its independence. This role, which has been marked by elements of continuity and change over the years, included mediation and arbitration between rival political factions (in 1945–1958, 2008, 2011, and 2019); attempts to dominate the political system (in 1958–1970 and 1988–1990); intervention in the Lebanese civil war (in 1975–1976 and 1982–1984); attempts to regain its balancing role in politics (in 1979–1982 and 1984–1988); and facilitating the state’s postwar reconstruction (since 1991). The political role of the military in Lebanon can be explained by several factors. First, the weakness of Lebanon’s political system and its inability to resolve crises between its members. Second, Lebanon’s divided society and its members’ general distrust towards its civilian politicians. Third, the basic characteristics of Lebanon’s military, which, in most periods, enjoyed broad public support that cuts across the lines of community, region, and family, and found appeal among domestic and external audiences, which, in their turn, acquiesced to its political role in the state.

scholarly journals The role of intellectual property in security defense capacity of the state.

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-68
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zaikivskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Onistrat
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Military ◽  
State Modernization

Keywords: defense capability, intellectual property, regulatory support The conceptual issues of the legislation of Ukraine,which determine the state policy in the field of national security and defence, regardingthe settlement of issues related to ensuring the state defence capabilities are considered.The scientific publications on actual questions in this sphere concerningproblems and prospects of increase of defence capability of Ukraine are analysed.The role of intellectual property in all components of Ukraine's defence system hasbeen studied, and it has been noted that unresolved problems in the field of intellectualproperty management pose an increasing threat to Ukraine's national security.The importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the process ofimplementing measures to improve the defence capabilities of the state and the needto improve legislation in this area is defined. Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for national securityand defence in order to address the problematic issues of intellectual property in thisarea are submitted.State defence capability is the ability of state to defend itself in the event of armedaggression or armed conflict. It consists of material and immaterial elements and is aset of military, economic, social and moral and political potential in the field of defenceand appropriate conditions for its implementation.Resolving the issues of reforming not only the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but firstthe entire state, modernization and rearmament of the Ukrainian army has become avital necessity. Only the solution of this issue will allow to raise the defence capabilityof our state to the proper level for the preservation of independent Ukraine.Ensuring the military security of Ukraine largely depends on equipping the ArmedForces of Ukraine with modern types and models of weapons and military equipment,developed on the basis of intellectual property rights.It is the military-technical sphere where the objects of intellectual property rightsbelonging to the sphere of national security and defence are created, and the state isobliged to ensure their protection. This will increase the competitiveness of the domesticdefence industry and make claims impossible for anyone in the mass productionof weapons and military equipment for their own needs and for exports, which directlyaffects defence capabilities.And this requires proper protection of intellectual property rights both in theprocess of own production of weapons and military equipment, as well as in militarytechnicalcooperation.

scholarly journals The role of support and financing of the armed forces as one of the key elements of the stability of the Ukrainian economy and ensuring its sustainable growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Vadym Pakholchuk
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The State ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Military

Introduction. Military conflicts cause a lot of destructive influences not only on the political situation in the country but of course on its the financial system. That’s why in this article, the main emphasis of the research was done on risk-ratio analysis of the Ukraine and Israel economies since the role of military budget expenditures in the whole financial system is growing. Military finance is one of the biggest components of the financial system of Ukraine. So, according to the nowadays situation and military conflict in Ukraine appears the necessity of searching for new ways to increase this kind of expenditures efficiently.  Aim and tasks. The problem of the research was to measure risks of the economies according to the GDP trends and to find the place of the military expenditures in all government expenditures. Results. In the research results, it should be mentioned that the most difficult approach for comparing is the international currency, which is weighed against the depreciation of cash flows in time. However, the research used the current exchange rate for convenience. But, this does not have a significant effect on the interpretation of the results of the research, presented in the form of a CAPM analysis of the economies of countries and their defense expenditures. After all, trends are generally observed over a period of time that has been analyzed. The general state of financial systems in the regions was analyzed as the value of volatility, aggregate risks and the overall growth of the economy. The US GDP, as for an example of the largest economy in the world, served as a comparative basis. It correlates and affects all other financial markets. The obtained results made it possible to draw conclusions about the attractiveness of the state for potential investors, despite armed conflicts with neighbors in the territory and areas of influence on the regions under control. In this paper, a standard statistical analysis package was used using an example of linear regression with one variable. The power of the influence of military expenditures was measured by the ratio of variables and their correlations. The obtained results were characterized by a high level of interconnection power and reliability of the hypotheses obtained. This gives an opportunity to describe the role of military conflicts and support the Armed Forces for the state economy. Conclusions. The result of the presented research of the role of support and financing of the Armed Forces as one of the key elements of the stability of the Ukrainian economy and ensuring its sustainable growth is the sustaining of the military expenditures for Ukraine. The presented conclusion was approved on the Israel example and calculations. This approach and methodology is universal and can be used for other researches.

Sri Lanka’s Military: From Ceremonial to Professional

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddiqa
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Military

Civil–military relations (CMR) in Sri Lanka are an outgrowth of its military’s primary role of defending the state against domestic insurgencies. Historically devoid of any external threat, the main role of the Sri Lankan Army, which was the only active service at the time of independence of the island state in 1948, was ceremonial. Later, when the Air Force and Navy were also established, the role of the armed forces remained limited to policing. This function grew as a result of multiple insurgencies in the south, and later, north and northeast of the country. The CMR balance is defined by Sri Lanka’s politics. Successive governments have used the armed forces as a policy tool in enforcing a political philosophy that upholds Sri Lanka’s status as a Sinhala-Buddhist state. Over the years, the state was gradually transformed from its secular and semi-European character to predominantly, Sinhala-Buddhist. This resulted in the first coup attempt in 1962 by officers that were fearful of “Sinhalization” of the state, which went against the traditions the military had inherited. While the attempt failed, the political leadership speeded up the process of changing the ethnic balance in the armed forces through increasing Sinhala intake. Other policy changes like introducing Sinhalese as the only state language went against the inherited secular structure of the state. This caused a spike in internal tension that presented itself initially as a class conflict, and later morphed into ethnic contestation between the Sinhala and Tamil populations. The internal ethnic war that was fought from the 1970s onwards solidified both the Sinhala ethnic character of the state and the military. These domestic conflicts have also defined the professionalism of the armed forces. While ensuring that the military remains under control, the civilian leadership invested both in making the armed forces professional and ethnically tilted toward the majority. This contradiction represents Sri Lanka’s politics and CMR balance. Since the 1980s with a rise in Tamil insurgency, successive governments in Colombo appreciated the need to professionalize the military to fight internal wars. More money was spent on honing the defense services’ capabilities. However, this capacity building ensured that the military and its military capacity would serve the political interest of the Sinhala elite and majority population, with little concern for the political rights of the Tamil. In this respect, Colombo’s politics is unrepresentative and its CMR balance makes for a model that can only be explained as positively favoring civilians if viewed only from the theoretician Samuel P. Huntington’s viewpoint as laid out in his book ‘The Soldier and the State’. This makes Sri Lanka’s case similar to those of other regional democracies like India where the majority ethnic group or the ruling elite partner uses the armed forces to enforce its legal and constitutional framework, which does not necessarily favor minority groups, or certain regions. Such a framework means that the CMR balance must be described as representing not a strong and stable democracy, but a weak democratic structure.

Contribution of the Inhabitants of Tovmachna to Strengthening the Combat Capability of the Army WUPR During the War of 1918 – 1919

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Igor Fedoryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Full Support ◽  
The Creation

The article describes the problem of the contribution of the inhabitants of Tovmachchyna to strengthening the combat capability of the Ukrainian Galician army during the Ukrainian-Polish war of 1918–1919. The publication shows the role of the county authorities, which, realizing the importance of helping the Ukrainian army in the struggle against the external enemy, since the first days of its functioning strongly urged residents of the province to join the gathering of food, clothes, money and ammunition for the defense of the UGA. Also the author analyzes the normative legal acts of local authorities, dealing with material and social security of personnel of the Ukrainian Galician army and members of their families. Active participation on the full support of the UGA was enacted and the residents of Tovmachchyna becаmеa reliable support for its defenders. A crucial role in this process was played by the Patriotic enthusiasm in the community that led to the emergence of a large number of supporters and gave impetus to the creation of the various funds and committees assistance, through which the Ukrainian population of the county, in terms of a lack of resource capabilities and external aggression, in fact, served the function of the state material support of the Ukrainian armed forces. Keywords: WUРR, the ukrainian galician army, tovmachchyna, the county, the commissariat, the council, the tax, the committee, the foundation

German and Soviet Military Doctrinal Innovation before World War II

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Cynthia Roberts
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Military ◽  
Point Of Departure

In the lead-up to World War II, both Germany and the Soviet Union pursued important changes in military doctrine that proved crucial during the armed confrontation between the two countries in 1941–1945. Using a new book by the military historian Mary Habeck as a point of departure, this essay explains how the German and Soviet armed forces by the late 1930s had developed almost identical doctrines without extensively borrowing from each other. Although the doctrinal innovations that informed the German Blitzkrieg and the Soviet conception of “deep battle” have long attracted attention, Habeck's book is the first detailed comparison of the development of armored warfare in these two countries. Although the book does not provide a comprehensive explanation of the sources of innovation in military doctrine, it sheds a great deal of light on the revolutionary changes in German and Soviet military doctrines during the interwar years.

scholarly journals Methodological aspects of social and psychological work with military men released from the armed forces, and members of their families

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3C) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Oksana Petrivna Liaska ◽  
Iryna Illivna Humeniuk ◽  
Inna Oleksandrivna Chynchyk
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Military

The problem of socio-psychological adaptation of ex-servicemen and members of their families to the new conditions of organization of activity is extremely relevant. In order to develop and implement such problems within the project “Norway-Ukraine. Professional adaptation. Integration into the State System” the number of supporting centers have been established that are successfully operating in various cities of Ukraine for former or discharged servicemen and members of their families. The main areas of socio-psychological support provided under the Program were: psychological counseling, psychocorrection, c areer guidance and psychotherapy using a wide range of methods. The result of this work is to achieve the required level of readiness of the discharged serviceman to change profession. This allows to remove unnecessary psychological tension and some aggression during adaptation. It was found that the military and their families are in need of information and methodological and reference materials on a wide range of issues related to behavior in the transition to new living conditions and activities.

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