scholarly journals FEMININITY MODELS IN GENDER POLICY OF STALIN’S REGIME

2021 ◽  
pp. 390-406
Author(s):  
Galyna Starodubets
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Feminist Methodology ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Multicomponent Nature ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Rural Part ◽  
Postwar Decade

Summary. The purpose of the study is to identify models of femininity in the gender policy of the Stalinist regime in relation to the rural part of Western Ukrainian women in the first postwar decade; to analyze the ways and methods of their construction by instruments of party propaganda. The work is based on socio-cultural and feminist methodology, which requires the study of society taking into account its multicomponent nature, including such an important stratification parameter as "gender". In addition, the methodological guidelines of the study are the principles of historicism, systematization, scientificity, verification, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (comparative, chronological and historical-systemic) methods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in the historiography of the gender policy of the Stalinist regime in the western regions of Ukraine during the period of late Stalinism, the authors consider models of femininity constructed by Soviet propaganda in the context of forming the concept of "Soviet woman". Conclusions. The gender policy of the Stalinist regime towards the rural part of Western Ukrainian women in the first postwar decade was directed primarily to involve women to the process of Sovietization of the region. It was clearly mobilizing and ethocratic in nature. The narrative of an emancipated Soviet woman, equal to a man in the Soviet Union opposed to the "oppressed mercenary of Polish lords" of the "lordly Poland" period was imposed on society with the help of party propaganda. Using the traditional set of tools from the propaganda arsenal, the authorities methodically and purposefully worked on forming the image of the "Soviet woman". As a result, several basic models of femininity with their inherent inverse of gender roles – "woman-activist", "woman-collective farmer", "woman-leader" were constructed.

scholarly journals Determination of the subject of history of state and law in Russian legal science in the late 1950s – early 1960s

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Science Of History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

The subject of this research is analysis of the process and key approaches towards determination of the subject of history of state and law of Russia in in the late 1950s – early 1960s, considering the designation of science and academic discipline in this period as “The History of State and Law of the USSR”. The research is based on chronological, institutional, and historical-comparative methods. The chronological method allowed reconstructing representation on the subject of the science of history of state and law of the Soviet Union in historical sequence. The institutional method established the basic framework for discussion the subject of science. The historical-comparative method ensured comparison of different approaches towards understanding of the subject of science. It is determined that the initiators of determination of the subject of history of state and law were the educators of historical-legal disciplines. The author reveals and analyzes the main publications that contain records of comprehension of the subject of science. Characteristic is given to the circle of scholars dealing with the indicated problematic. The authorial approaches are discussed.  The general and peculiar comprehension of the subject of science is demonstrated. The general consists in determination of the subject based on the historical type of state and law, highlighting the significance and specificity of the Soviet state and law. The differences pertain to setting priorities in the subject of science: establishment of general patterns in evolution of state and law, or examination of particular phenomena, processes and institutions in the history of state and law. The acquires results can be applies in the history of legal science. Discourse on the subject of history of state and law that unfolded in the late 1950s – early 1960s was beneficial to the advancement of historical-legal science.

scholarly journals Activity of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s (based on archival materials)

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Olegovna Chekushkina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Percentage Ratio

Leaning on the archival materials, this article examines the work of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s, as well as highlights positive and negative aspects therein. The object of this research is the Soviet Prosecutor's Office. The subject is the activity of the Prosecutor's Office of Khakass Autonomous Oblast in the 1960s. Archival sources contain meeting protocols, briefing notes on the work of city and district prosecutor's offices of Khakass Autonomous Oblast, internal reports on the work of the prosecutor's office, etc. The article employs the historical-comparative method for studying the types of activity of district prosecutor’s offices of Khakass Autonomous Oblast and criminal situation in these districts; quantitative methods for tracing the amount of crime, percentage ratio, number of cases, etc.; systemic-functional method for consideration of tasks faced by the prosecutor's office. The main types of activity in the 1960’s indicate oversight activity, crime prevention, legal propaganda, monitoring the execution of the decrees of the Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union, participation of the prosecutors in court hearings, consideration and resolution of citizens’ complaints.

scholarly journals Ideological threats in Uzbekistan: recent history and modern techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Rakhman Kuchkarov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Recent History ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article focuses on an approach to the history of relations between religion and the state in Uzbekistan and how the tense relationship has influenced the progress of Uzbekistan's independence. The research uses historical, comparative, deductive, and systematic methods of analysis. The discussions show that as a result of the obstacles to obtaining religious education in Uzbekistan during the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the spiritual and religious needs of many people were met with very limited notions, which have led to greater religious ignorance and pseudo-science that ultimately played a major role in activating extremist religious Islamist movements in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Reform of the Network of Preschool Institutions in the Soviet Union in the Second Half of the 1950s to the Mid-1980s (On the Materials of the Lower Volga Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Alexey Gumenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The paper is devoted to analyzing the main lines of modernization of kindergartens and nurseries in the Lower Volga region in the second half of the 1950s to the mid-1980s. Materials. The article is based on the factual material extracted from the funds of the central and local archives, reporting and paperwork, legislative documents, and statistical collections. Methods. The study is based on a set of methodological techniques, including special methods of historical studies such as the historical-comparative, statistical and quantitative methods. Analysis. Analyzing a wide array of statistical data allows to make a number of important observations and to conclude that by the mid-1980s the above-mentioned institutions in the region under study had higher quantitative development indicators in comparison with the neighboring oblasts and republics in the Volga economic district, as well as in comparison with the all-Russian and even all-Union levels. Results. In conclusion, the author infers that by spring 1985, services of nurseries and kindergartens really became more accessible to the residents of the region under study. However, based on the qualitative criteria, we see that the level of their services reached by 1985 could not yet meet the growing needs of the population, especially in the countryside.

scholarly journals About history and significance of the eugenic ideas

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-859
Author(s):  
S A Sher ◽  
T V Yakovleva ◽  
V Yu Al’bitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Short History ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative

Aim. To show the short history of the origin and development of the eugenic ideas at the beginning of the 20th century. Methods. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used. Results. The article presents the results of historical and medical research that demonstrated that close by the tasks to medicine eugenics studied inherited properties, their social manifestations and historical changes. Science eugenics gained wide circulation and recognition in 1920s in USSR. The ideas became popular that achievements of the Soviet health care, its preventive direction lead to creation of higher sanitary culture and realization of eugenic tasks for creation of the harmonious Soviet identity. Since the early 1930s in the Soviet Union the eugenics underwent severe criticism. The eugenic ideas were completely discredited by Nazi programs of fascist Germany in 1933-1945 when millions of people were exterminated. In the end of the 20th century interest in eugenics has renewed because of development of genetics. Conclusion. Despite the ambiguous past, the eugenics had played a certain positive role as it allowed understanding genetic and anthropological human features, and served as an incentive for development of medical genetics and study of genetic diseases.

scholarly journals Concession Policy of the Soviet Union in Agriculture: A Review of the Recent Historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Erokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Population ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The article analyzes the issues of agricultural concession presented in the works of Russian researchers Maxim Matveyevich Zagorulko, Vladimir Viktorovich Bulatov and German historian Marina Schmider. Methods and materials. The monographs are significantly complemented by the already known works on concession policy and practice, as the authors introduce a significant number of new sources and statistics from German and Russian archives and libraries. To provide an objective analysis of the scientific works, the author uses the historical-system and historical-comparative methods. Analysis. The Russian researchers analyze the economic activities of four agricultural concessions: “Druzag”, “Manych”, “Druag”, “Prikumskoye Russo-American Partnership”. They identified factors that influenced the increase or decrease in profitability of the enterprises. M. Schmider focused her attention on changing the attitude of the government and business circles of Germany to the concession policy pursued in the USSR. In addition, it reveals the role of German agricultural concessions in the development of the German economy. The author identified mechanisms of influence on the Soviet leadership, which were used to facilitate the activities of two large agricultural concessions – Manych-Krupp and Druzag. It should be noted that the memoirs of German employees of agricultural concessions helped to recreate the life and activity of Soviet and German workers and employees, compare their working conditions, describe the relationship with the local population and government officials. Results. The authors conclude that the effective management methods and economic activities of these concessions contributed to increasing their competitiveness in comparison with similar Soviet enterprises. However, the activities of the concessions depended not only on the interest of the Soviet leadership in them, but also on the foreign policy relations of Germany and the Soviet state.

scholarly journals Behind the Curtains of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in the middle of the 1930s. On the Edition Deutschland und die Sowjetunion 1933–1941. Dokumente aus russischen und deutschen Archiven (2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Carola Tischler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Research on international relations today is no longer limited to diplomatic contacts but also includes economic and cultural ties. Another factor that should not be neglected is the people themselves; the personalities who shaped politics. This text focuses on those concerned with German-Soviet relations in the 1930s, both at the “centre” in Moscow and at the Soviet plenipotentiary representation in Berlin. This article deals with this range of problems against the background of Soviet-German relations in the 1930s both in the Kremlin and in the Soviet mission in Berlin. The article is based on archival ma- terials discovered and published in the framework of the edition project “Germany and the USSR 1933–1941” pursued under the aegis of the Joint Commission on the Study of Contemporary History in Russian-German Relations. The methodological guidelines are borrowed from the works of Western historiography. The documents under scrutiny shed the light on the functioning of one of the primary foreign-political instruments — the diplomatic corpus of the Soviet Union and Germany. In the documents published in Volume 2, three main areas of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Relations’ (Narko- mindel) functioning are covered: the personnel responsible for the Soviet-German relations, the inner life of the Soviet mission in Berlin, and the work of the central apparatus in Moscow. On the basis of the interdepartmental correspondence of the Narkomindel staff, their memoranda, and the impressions of the German diplomats, one can get an impression of the level of professionalism of at least some Soviet diplomats. In sum- mary, owing to the publication of such a large amount of documents from the Russian and German archives, historians from different countries can now pursue research on a wide range of problems related to the international relations of the 1930s and early 1940s, which is extraordinarily important for understanding the causes and mechanisms which led to World War Two.

Review of Social Thought in the Soviet Union.

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 516-516
Author(s):  
Morton Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Soviet Union
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