scholarly journals THE OPPOSITION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND THE POSITION OF THE CZECH SZLACHTA (THE END OF THE XVth – THE 30-ies OF THE XVIth CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (15) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yaroslav ANDRUSYAK
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Xvith Century

scholarly journals LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE OF THE VIROVITICA COUNTY AND THE CITY OF OSIJEK IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
Darko Iljkić ◽  
Ivana Varga
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The Treaty of Karlowitz signed in 1699 concluded the rule of the Ottoman Empire in most parts of Central and Eastern Europe. Liberation of Osijek in 1687, and consequently of whole Slavonia in 1699 brought a new era of freedom and prosperity to its citizens. At least for a short time, since the Habsburg Monarchy re-established their rule over the country by bringing feudal laws and regulations back into force. Austrian empress and Hungarian-Croatian Queen Maria Theresa united Slavonia with Croatia, and re-established the counties of Virovitica, Požega and Syrmia, meaning that the regional administration of Slavonia was completely relinquished to the civil authorities.

Ten Theses on Emancipation

2019 ◽  
pp. 354-356
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Modern Jewish History ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

This concluding chapter presents ten theses on emancipation. One, emancipation is the principal event of modern Jewish history. Two, the term “emancipation” was historically polysemous: it referred to the liberation or elevation of numerous groups. Three, the emancipation process commenced around 1550 when Jews began to receive extensive privileges in eastern and western Europe and in some instances rights in a nascent civil society. Four, there were two legislative models of emancipation: conditional and unconditional. Five, there were three regions of emancipation: western, central, and eastern Europe. Six, the Ottoman Empire comprised a fourth region of emancipation. Seven, the equality of Judaism was fundamental to the Jews' equality. Eight, emancipation mobilized Jews politically. Nine, emancipation was ambiguous and interminable. Ten, emancipation was at the heart of the twentieth century's colossal events.

scholarly journals From Elbe to Volga. In the Labyrinth of Cultural Boundaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 445-468
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Szczukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
National State ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines cultural and mental boundaries that run through the territory of Central and Eastern Europe. The study showed that cultural, linguistic, mental differences and some specific features of political regimes as well depend on three main factors. The first of them is the historical-imperial factor. It is impossible to understand the passage of modern cultural boundaries without correlating them with the boundaries of the Roman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Byzantine ecumene, Austria-Hungary, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Romanov Empire and other similar historical phenomena. No less important is the second factor – synchronic or state-political, since the actual belonging of the individual to a national state and social groups imposes certain imperatives on their cultural behavior. The third factor in the emergence of cultural boundaries is the regional and local one. Awareness of one's small homeland is no less important than identification with any particular country. The author of thischapter examines the facts of coincidence of modern cultural borders with such historical frontiers as the borders of the Roman Empire, the Curzon and Huntington lines, and the old borders of the three empires on the territory of the modern Poland.

The Frontiers of the Ottoman World

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Current State ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

This is the first major comparative study of the frontiers of the Ottoman Empire, one of the crucial forces that shaped the modern world. The chapters combine archaeological and historical approaches to the further understanding of how this major empire approached the challenge of controlling frontiers as diverse and far-flung as Central and Eastern Europe, Anatolia, Iraq, Arabia and the Sudan. Ranging across the 15th to early 20th centuries, chapters cover frontier fortifications, administration, society and economy and shed light on the Ottomans' interaction with their neighbours, both Muslim and Christian, through warfare, trade and diplomacy. As well as summing up the current state of knowledge, they also point the way to fresh avenues of research. The book gives a particular prominence to the nascent discipline of Ottoman archaeology.

scholarly journals Germany and the Muslim World

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Christoph Marcinkowski
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times

The relations between the world of Islam and Germany (or what was then the Holy Roman Empire) date back far into the Middle Ages and were particularly intense during the times of the Crusades. However, Muslims came to Germany in larger numbers as part of the diplomatic, military and economic relations between Germany and the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century. German diplomats and travellers, in turn, visited the Ottoman lands as well as Safavid Persia from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, respectively. In Muslim public opinion, Germany appears to have been always seen as the ‘friend of the Muslims’, a kind of ‘exception’ compared with other Western colonial powers which controlled large chunks of the Muslim homeland. Germany - so it was thought - had no colonial ambitions in the Dar al-Islam. Germany’s last emperor, William II (r. 1888-1918), during his famous 1898 speech in Damascus, declared himself the ‘eternal friend’ of the (then) 300 million Muslims in the world. 

Introduction – college communities abroad: education, migration and Catholicism in early modern Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Europe

From the mid-sixteenth century, Catholics from Protestant jurisdictions established colleges for the education and formation of students in more hospitable Catholic territories abroad. The Irish, English and Scots colleges founded in France, Flanders, the Iberian peninsula, Rome and the Holy Roman Empire are the best known, but the phenomenon extended to Dutch and Scandinavian foundations in southern Flanders, the German lands and Poland, as well as to colleges founded in Rome and other Italian cities for a wide range of national communities, among whom the Maronites are a striking example from within the Ottoman Empire. The first colleges were founded in the 1550s and 1560s, and tens of thousands of students passed through them until their suppression in the 1790s. Only a handful survived the disruption of the French Revolutionary wars to re-emerge in the nineteenth century and a few endure today. Historians have long argued that these abroad colleges...

scholarly journals Luther and the Turks

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
HANS SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
The Military

Abstract: Confronted with the military advance of the Turkish Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Empire, including the siege of Vienna, Martin Luther wrote several treatises on the Turks. Luther rejected the idea of a war in the name of religion against the Ottoman onslaught, seeing instead the defense of the Holy Roman Empire as the duty of the Emperor. Luther understood the Turkish threat as God’s punishment for the laxity of Christians and so called for repentance and a return to the gospel. Luther wanted the Christians to have firsthand information about Islam and promoted a translation of the Qur’an in German against many obstacles. The Protestant church in Germany is very cautious about defining a present-day application of Luther’s approach.

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