scholarly journals The Economic Empowerment of Women in Uganda Through Mushroom Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibarahim Mayanja ◽  
Tolga Tipi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study focuses on empowering women both in peri-urban and rural areas through mushroom production. It was conducted in Kampala Metropolitan area-Uganda, during October 2016. It focused on estimating profits, conducting benefit-cost analysis/ratio (BCR) and return on investment (ROI), finding reasons as to why women involved in the mushroom production and identifying the constraints of mushroom farming from the perspective of women as well as the possible solutions to the constraints. 29 women were interviewed face to face through the use of the questionnaires. The study revealed an average net profit of 3,464.28 US dollars, BCR of 3.84 and ROI of 2.84 per farm in a period of three months. Our study revealed that mushroom production is a profitable enterprise for women. The major reason for women to involve in mushroom was to earn income. However, a range of other reasons was given such as fast maturity of mushrooms, availability of market, healthy benefits of mushrooms, etc. were the most important reasons. The problems faced by women farmers were ranked from the most pressing problem to the least pressing problem in this order; Low market prices per kilogram of mushroom, scarcity of cotton during some seasons, poor quality mushroom spawn supplied to farmers by breeders, inadequate extension, and advisory services were the most observed problems among others. The suggested solutions were organizing farmers into groups or cooperatives in order to negotiate for better markets locally and abroad together with the help of government, researchers to carry out more research on the suitability of other substrates like bagasse other than relying on only cotton, ensuring that mushroom spawn breeders conform to the set standards of quality spawn production and re-equipping local extension workers with knowledge regarding mushroom production among others.

scholarly journals Breaking Up and a New Beginning When One’s Partner Goes into a Nursing Home: An Interview Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Gerd Ahlström ◽  
Nina Stååhl Markeling ◽  
Ulrika Liljenberg ◽  
Helena Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Home Placement

In aging societies worldwide, spouses take on great responsibility for care when their partner continues to live at home. Nursing home placement occurs when the partner becomes too frail due to multimorbidity, and this will cause a change in the spouse’s life. This study aimed to explore the spouse’s experience of their partner’s move to a nursing home. Two interviews were conducted at 9-month intervals within the project entitled “Implementation of Knowledge-Based Palliative Care in Nursing Homes”. Thirteen spouses from both urban and rural areas were included, with an age-range of 60–86 years (median 72). Qualitative content analysis was performed. The main findings were captured in two themes: Breaking up of close coexistence and Towards a new form of daily life. The first encompassed processing loneliness, separation and grief, exhaustion, increased burden, and a sense of guilt. The second encompassed a sense of freedom, relief, acceptance, support and comfort. Professionals in both home care and nursing home care need to develop and provide a support programme conveying knowledge of the transition process to prevent poor quality of life and depression among the spouses. Such a programme should be adaptable to individual needs and should ideally be drawn up in consultation with both partners.

scholarly journals Association Between Happiness and Objective/Subjective Economic Status Among Older Adults in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Sasaki ◽  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Ikuma Nozaki ◽  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundFew studies have examined whether objective or subjective economic status (ES) has a greater effect on the happiness of older adults in developing countries with ageing populations. This study examined whether objective/subjective economic status (ES) is associated with happiness in older adults in Myanmar.MethodA multistage, random sampling procedure and face-to-face interviews were conducted in urban and rural areas in Myanmar. The happiness of 1,200 participants aged 60+ was evaluated using a single happiness score of 0 (very unhappy) to 10 (very happy). The wealth index, used as an objective economic indicator, was calculated from household asset items. Subjective economic status was assessed by asking “Which of the following best describes your current financial situation in light of general economic conditions?” The possible responses ranged from (1) very difficult to (5) very comfortable. ResultsThe mean happiness score was lower among participants with low objective and subjective ES than among those with medium or high objective ES (6.24 versus 6.80 points, p < 0.001) and average or higher subjective ES (5.62 versus 6.83 points, p < 0.001), respectively. Both low objective and subjective ES were negatively associated with happiness after adjusting for confounding variables (B: -0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.69, -0.13 and B: -0.71, 95% CI: -1.00, -0.42, respectively) and stratification by region (low objective ES, urban: B: -0.52, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.02; low subjective ES, urban: B: -0.50, 95% CI: -0.96, -0.03; low objective ES, rural: B: -0.37, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.02; and low subjective ES, rural: B: -0.80, 95% CI: -1.18, -0.41). ConclusionsIn Myanmar, both objective and subjective ES might influence happiness among older adults. Although they had a similar impact on happiness in urban areas, subjective ES had a stronger impact in rural areas. Interventions for promoting happiness in older adults should consider differences in how objective/subjective ES impacts happiness in different regions, and focus should be placed not only on improving objective ES but also subjective ES in society.

scholarly journals Self-Reported of Awareness, Trial and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes (ECS) Among of Adult Smokers in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 9s-9s
Author(s):  
A.N. Mat Ruzlin ◽  
M. Omar ◽  
H.-H. Yong ◽  
B. Tangiisuran ◽  
N.A. Abdul Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: In many parts of the world, E-cigarette (EC) devices are becoming popular and an increasing trend in its usage especially among young people and adult smokers. Aim: To examine the self-reported awareness, trial and current use of ECs among current smokers and to determine the predictors associated with the outcomes. Methods: A total of 40,000 current smokers aged 18 years and above were recruited through intercept face-to-face interview in wave 1 (May-September 2016), wave 2 (December 2016-April 2017) and wave 3 (May-August 2017). The samples were drawn from 5 streets randomly (two in hotspot and three in nonhotspot) within stratified urban and rural areas in 14 states of Malaysia. Respondents were recruited using systematic sampling. Every fifth person passing an interview station in each street was approached. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied by using PASW 18. Results: Overall, 93% were aware of ECs, 19.9% were ECs trials and 14.6% were current users. Multivariate logistic regression shows that those states with no ban of ECs sales were more likely and significantly associated with these outcomes compared with those in states that this device has already been banned. Those who believe that ECs are “less harmful” (AOR=6.28; 95% CI=5.79-6.81, P < 0.001; AOR=4.84; 95% CI=4.12-5.69, P < 0.001) and “equally harmful” (AOR=2.06; 95% CI=1.91-2.22, P < 0.001; AOR=2.25; 95% CI=1.93-2.62, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with EC trials and current use of ECs respectively. In addition, intention to quit smoking (AOR=2.91; 95% CI=2.72-3.13) was also directly associated with EC trials. Conclusion: Awareness, trials and current use of ECs are likely due to the banning regulation implemented in specific states and strong belief that ECs is less harmful to health. Hence, this should be considered in the formulation of ECs policy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Inadequate dietary intake is not the cause of stunting amongst young children living in an informal settlement in Gauteng and rural Limpopo Province in South Africa: the NutriGro study

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Theron ◽  
A Amissah ◽  
IC Kleynhans ◽  
E Albertse ◽  
UE MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Prudent Diet

AbstractObjectiveTo measure dietary intakes of young children aged 12–24 months and to determine the impact of poor diets on stunting.DesignA quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was adapted, tested and standardised. Trained enumerators conducted in-depth interviews with the mothers/caregivers of the children. Forty stunted children in urban informal settlements and 30 stunted children in rural areas were selected and pair-matched with controls. The data were captured on the Food Finder Program of the Medical Research Council.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the diet of stunted and non-stunted groups did differ significantly and all diets were of poor nutritional quality.ConclusionDiets in both areas resembled the recommended prudent diet, i.e. low in fat and high in carbohydrates. Poor quality diets were not the primary cause of stunting.

scholarly journals Comparative study of mud crab (Scylla serrata) fattening practices between two different systems in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
MMR Shah ◽  
Abdullah-Al Mamun ◽  
MJ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Gravid Female ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Brackishwater Pond ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted to compare the survival, production and economics of mud crab fattening in cage with fattening in encircled earthen brackishwater pond. Thirty cages of 1m (L) × 1m (W) × 0.3m (H) partitioned into 16 compartments (each 25 × 25 × 30 cm) were set in a 40 m2 pond and another pond with same area was encircled with bamboo fence. Mud crab fattening in cage and in encircled earthen area were considered as Treatment-1 and Treatment-2, respectively with three replications each to compare the fattening system. Single adult non-gravid female crab (204.42 ± 2.58g) was stocked into each compartment of the cages and 80 crabs (204.42± 2.58g) were also stocked into earthen pond @ 2 indiv./ m2. The crabs were fed with chopped tilapia @ 8% of body weight twice daily. Survival rate of crab was found 93.75 ± 6.25% and 86.12 ± 2.16% respectively in cages and encircled earthen area. Significantly (P<0.05) higher total production of crab from cages (3.30±0.08 kg/m2) was recorded than the encircled earthen area (0.37±0.01 kg/m2). Comparative benefit-cost analysis showed that bamboo cage fattening attained higher net profit (Tk 91,630.00) than crab fattening in encircled earthen area (Tk 9,345.00) from 12 crops (12-16 days per crop) fattening period. The present study revealed that mud crab fattening using bamboo cage might be better than encircled earthen area with fencing in Bangladesh. Keywords: Mud crab; Fattening; Bamboo cage; Encircled earthen pond; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4978 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 151-156, 2009

scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in the pattern of referrals to an asynchronous teledermatology service

10.3823/2571 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Vidal-Alaball ◽  
Jacobo Mendioroz Peña ◽  
Glòria Sauch Valmaña
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rural Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Teams ◽  
The Face ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Care Practices

Background Telemedicine is particularly useful in rural areas where can facilitate access to specialised care in regions far from urban hospitals and can prevent unnecessary travel. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the degree of resolution of an asynchronous teledermatology service in the Bages County, comparing urban and rural primary care centres. Methods and findings A longitudinal descriptive study of referrals from 14 Primary Care Teams to a hospital dermatology service as a result of a previous referral to a teledermatology program was performed, comparing years 2015 and 2016 and urban with rural practices. Both in urban and rural areas there was an increase in referrals to the teledermatology service in 2016 compared to the previous year (12.9% and 0.3% respectively). In the two years analysed, referral rates to the teledermatology service per thousand inhabitants from rural centres was statistically much higher than that of urban centres (p<0.001). The number of referrals to the face-to-face dermatology service after a teledermatology consultation decreased significantly in both urban [OR=0,81 (0,70-0,93) p=0,001] and rural centres [OR=0,64 (0,57-0,72) p<0,001]. Conclusions The asynchronous teledermatology service established in the Bages County increases the resolution of primary care teams as reduces referrals to the face-to-face dermatology service. This effect is more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. Such finding may indicate the need to prioritize telemedicine services in rural primary care practices.

Nutrition Education: It has Never been an Easy Case for Indonesia

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S267-S274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judhiastuty Februhartanty
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Home Economics ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The root of Indonesian education can be traced back to the Dutch colonial period. The country adopts the 6–3–3–4 system of education, which consists of public schooling, Islamic schooling, and out-of-school education. In addition, the country has also been exposed to distance education. The call for this type of education was due to the geographic condition of Indonesia where face-to-face instruction has become limited. Studies on nutrition education in Indonesia covered various topics and teaching methods that were delivered mostly in after-class sessions. Effects on improved knowledge and attitudes were more marked than that of practices in relation to each nutrition topic. Nutrition and its related topics are delivered separately in different school subjects, such as biology, sport, health science, and home economics. Moreover, as the country keeps developing malnutrition problems, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Health has run a feeding program that covers only children in elementary school aged 6–12 years old both in urban and rural areas. Efforts from private sectors and NGOs on the feeding program for schoolchildren seem to give complementary effects to the existing program. Human resources development of nutrition professionals was started in the early 1950s when a school for food scientists was first established. However, the professionals responsible for delivering nutrition-related topics in the school are the schoolteachers who mostly have never received relevant training for delivering such topics. For achieving effective children's nutrition education through schools, a solid partnership among stakeholders must be encouraged.

scholarly journals Skills of the trade: valuing health risk reductions in benefit-cost analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Robinson ◽  
James K. Hammitt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Many public policies and private actions affect the risk of injury, illness, or death, yet changes in these risks are not easily valued using market prices. We discuss how to value these risk reductions in the context of benefit-cost analysis. We begin with a pragmatic focus, describing the analytic framework and the approaches currently used for valuation, including estimates of willingness to pay, cost of illness, and monetized quality-adjusted life years. We then turn to some conceptual issues that illustrate areas in need of further exploration.

scholarly journals An economic analysis of Jara and Colombo lemon production in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Kaysar ◽  
MS Hoq ◽  
MS Mia ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study was conducted in two districts namely Sylhet and Narsingdi to investigate the production technology of Jara and Colombolemon growers, estimate profitability and identify the constraints of Jara and Colombolemon. A total sample of 120 farmers taking 60 for Jara lemon from Sylhet and 60 for Colombolemon from Narsingdi was selected randomly for the study. Data were collected through face to face interview method by using structured questionnaire during April–May, 2016. Cost return analysis revealed that Jara and Colombolemon cultivation were profitable in the study areas. Jara lemon cultivation highest cost was estimated Tk. 413575/ha in (11–15)th year garden and lowest cost was Tk. 365777/ha in 2nd year garden. Gross return was highest in 5th year garden (Tk.1995750/ha) and lowest Tk. 975600/ha in (11–15)th year garden. The benefit cost ratio at 6.5% rate of interest was 2.85and IRR 78%. Colombo lemon cultivation highest cost was estimated Tk. 316505/ha in 4th year garden and lowest cost was Tk. 257543/ha in (11–15)th year garden. Gross return was highest Tk. 841522 in 5th year garden and lowest Tk. 413616/ha in (11–15)th year garden. The benefit cost ratio at 6.5% rate of interest was 1.81 and IRR 65%. Lack of improved production technology, poor quality saplings, insect/pest infestation, adulteration of fertilizer and insecticides and less number of export buyers were found major constraints both Jara andColombo lemon production.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 289-296, December 2017

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CEREAL, VEGETABLE AND GRAPE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE OF KABUL, AFGHANISTAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZIKRULLAH SAFI ◽  
LUC HIPPOLYTE DOSSA ◽  
ANDREAS BUERKERT
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Direct Linkage ◽  
The City

SUMMARYLittle is known about the economics of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Kabul, Afghanistan. This study therefore aimed to investigate the profitability of 15 mixed cropping farms with a total of 42 farm plots that were selected from a survey of 100 households (HHs). The sample represented the three dominant farm types: cereal producers (15 plots), vegetable farmers (15 plots) and grape producers (12 plots). A cost-revenue analysis of all inputs and outputs (costs of tillage, seed where applicable, weeding, harvesting, casual labour, machinery use, pruning, pesticides and of revenue from produce sold) over two years showed major differences in net HH income. Differences were largely due to production type and crops grown and reflected differences in market prices for produce. Cereal production yielded a total bi-annual revenue of 9630 US$ ha−1, and a gross margin and a net profit of 8770 US$ ha−1. Vegetable farming gave an average bi-annual revenue of 27 900 US$ ha−1, a gross margin of 26 330 US$ ha−1 and a net profit of 25 530 US$ ha−1. Surprisingly, vineyards generated the lowest returns with a revenue of 5400 US$ ha−1, and a gross margin and a net profit of 4480 US$ ha−1. The results suggest that among the production systems studied vegetable cultivation was most profitable given its direct linkage to city market demands, rather stable prices and much shorter growing season than for cereals and grapes. In addition, the inflow of wheat and grapes from rural areas into the city negatively affects local producer revenues. If vineyards are to be maintained in the city surroundings, incentives such as subsidized credit may need to be made available to producers.

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