Nutrition Education: It has Never been an Easy Case for Indonesia

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S267-S274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judhiastuty Februhartanty
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Home Economics ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The root of Indonesian education can be traced back to the Dutch colonial period. The country adopts the 6–3–3–4 system of education, which consists of public schooling, Islamic schooling, and out-of-school education. In addition, the country has also been exposed to distance education. The call for this type of education was due to the geographic condition of Indonesia where face-to-face instruction has become limited. Studies on nutrition education in Indonesia covered various topics and teaching methods that were delivered mostly in after-class sessions. Effects on improved knowledge and attitudes were more marked than that of practices in relation to each nutrition topic. Nutrition and its related topics are delivered separately in different school subjects, such as biology, sport, health science, and home economics. Moreover, as the country keeps developing malnutrition problems, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Health has run a feeding program that covers only children in elementary school aged 6–12 years old both in urban and rural areas. Efforts from private sectors and NGOs on the feeding program for schoolchildren seem to give complementary effects to the existing program. Human resources development of nutrition professionals was started in the early 1950s when a school for food scientists was first established. However, the professionals responsible for delivering nutrition-related topics in the school are the schoolteachers who mostly have never received relevant training for delivering such topics. For achieving effective children's nutrition education through schools, a solid partnership among stakeholders must be encouraged.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition education intervention on undernutrition among under five children in urban and rural areas of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4536
Author(s):  
Shailendra Meena ◽  
Pratibha Meena
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Nutrition education is defined as instruction or training intended to lead to acquired nutrition-related knowledge and/or nutrition-related skills and be provided in individual. It is also demonstrably capable of improving dietary behaviour and nutrition status on its own.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the urban and rural ICDS projects of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh from July 2014 to June 2015. Three types of instruments were used: NIPCCD Suposhan Guide, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements including weight, height and MUAC. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and was analyzed by using EPI Info version 7.Results: As per Z score 7.9% children had normal weight (Z score above -1SD), 31.7% had mild underweight (Z score between -1SD to -2SD), 40.7% had moderate underweight (Z score between -2SD to -3SD) and 19.6% had severe underweight (Z score below -3SD). Reduction in moderate underweight was from 39.2% to 33.9% and in severe underweight it was from 19.3% to 15.2% in urban area. In the rural area reduction in moderate underweight was from 44.1% to 36.6% and in the severe underweight group it was from 20.4% to 9.7%.Conclusions: In our nutrition education intervention we found that a well planned, short, simple, focused and based on locally available food items delivered with little empathy can do a lot even in weaker sections of the society. 

scholarly journals Association Between Happiness and Objective/Subjective Economic Status Among Older Adults in Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Sasaki ◽  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Ikuma Nozaki ◽  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundFew studies have examined whether objective or subjective economic status (ES) has a greater effect on the happiness of older adults in developing countries with ageing populations. This study examined whether objective/subjective economic status (ES) is associated with happiness in older adults in Myanmar.MethodA multistage, random sampling procedure and face-to-face interviews were conducted in urban and rural areas in Myanmar. The happiness of 1,200 participants aged 60+ was evaluated using a single happiness score of 0 (very unhappy) to 10 (very happy). The wealth index, used as an objective economic indicator, was calculated from household asset items. Subjective economic status was assessed by asking “Which of the following best describes your current financial situation in light of general economic conditions?” The possible responses ranged from (1) very difficult to (5) very comfortable. ResultsThe mean happiness score was lower among participants with low objective and subjective ES than among those with medium or high objective ES (6.24 versus 6.80 points, p < 0.001) and average or higher subjective ES (5.62 versus 6.83 points, p < 0.001), respectively. Both low objective and subjective ES were negatively associated with happiness after adjusting for confounding variables (B: -0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.69, -0.13 and B: -0.71, 95% CI: -1.00, -0.42, respectively) and stratification by region (low objective ES, urban: B: -0.52, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.02; low subjective ES, urban: B: -0.50, 95% CI: -0.96, -0.03; low objective ES, rural: B: -0.37, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.02; and low subjective ES, rural: B: -0.80, 95% CI: -1.18, -0.41). ConclusionsIn Myanmar, both objective and subjective ES might influence happiness among older adults. Although they had a similar impact on happiness in urban areas, subjective ES had a stronger impact in rural areas. Interventions for promoting happiness in older adults should consider differences in how objective/subjective ES impacts happiness in different regions, and focus should be placed not only on improving objective ES but also subjective ES in society.

scholarly journals Self-Reported of Awareness, Trial and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes (ECS) Among of Adult Smokers in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 9s-9s
Author(s):  
A.N. Mat Ruzlin ◽  
M. Omar ◽  
H.-H. Yong ◽  
B. Tangiisuran ◽  
N.A. Abdul Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: In many parts of the world, E-cigarette (EC) devices are becoming popular and an increasing trend in its usage especially among young people and adult smokers. Aim: To examine the self-reported awareness, trial and current use of ECs among current smokers and to determine the predictors associated with the outcomes. Methods: A total of 40,000 current smokers aged 18 years and above were recruited through intercept face-to-face interview in wave 1 (May-September 2016), wave 2 (December 2016-April 2017) and wave 3 (May-August 2017). The samples were drawn from 5 streets randomly (two in hotspot and three in nonhotspot) within stratified urban and rural areas in 14 states of Malaysia. Respondents were recruited using systematic sampling. Every fifth person passing an interview station in each street was approached. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied by using PASW 18. Results: Overall, 93% were aware of ECs, 19.9% were ECs trials and 14.6% were current users. Multivariate logistic regression shows that those states with no ban of ECs sales were more likely and significantly associated with these outcomes compared with those in states that this device has already been banned. Those who believe that ECs are “less harmful” (AOR=6.28; 95% CI=5.79-6.81, P < 0.001; AOR=4.84; 95% CI=4.12-5.69, P < 0.001) and “equally harmful” (AOR=2.06; 95% CI=1.91-2.22, P < 0.001; AOR=2.25; 95% CI=1.93-2.62, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with EC trials and current use of ECs respectively. In addition, intention to quit smoking (AOR=2.91; 95% CI=2.72-3.13) was also directly associated with EC trials. Conclusion: Awareness, trials and current use of ECs are likely due to the banning regulation implemented in specific states and strong belief that ECs is less harmful to health. Hence, this should be considered in the formulation of ECs policy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Economic Empowerment of Women in Uganda Through Mushroom Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibarahim Mayanja ◽  
Tolga Tipi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study focuses on empowering women both in peri-urban and rural areas through mushroom production. It was conducted in Kampala Metropolitan area-Uganda, during October 2016. It focused on estimating profits, conducting benefit-cost analysis/ratio (BCR) and return on investment (ROI), finding reasons as to why women involved in the mushroom production and identifying the constraints of mushroom farming from the perspective of women as well as the possible solutions to the constraints. 29 women were interviewed face to face through the use of the questionnaires. The study revealed an average net profit of 3,464.28 US dollars, BCR of 3.84 and ROI of 2.84 per farm in a period of three months. Our study revealed that mushroom production is a profitable enterprise for women. The major reason for women to involve in mushroom was to earn income. However, a range of other reasons was given such as fast maturity of mushrooms, availability of market, healthy benefits of mushrooms, etc. were the most important reasons. The problems faced by women farmers were ranked from the most pressing problem to the least pressing problem in this order; Low market prices per kilogram of mushroom, scarcity of cotton during some seasons, poor quality mushroom spawn supplied to farmers by breeders, inadequate extension, and advisory services were the most observed problems among others. The suggested solutions were organizing farmers into groups or cooperatives in order to negotiate for better markets locally and abroad together with the help of government, researchers to carry out more research on the suitability of other substrates like bagasse other than relying on only cotton, ensuring that mushroom spawn breeders conform to the set standards of quality spawn production and re-equipping local extension workers with knowledge regarding mushroom production among others.

scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in the pattern of referrals to an asynchronous teledermatology service

10.3823/2571 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Vidal-Alaball ◽  
Jacobo Mendioroz Peña ◽  
Glòria Sauch Valmaña
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rural Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Teams ◽  
The Face ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Care Practices

Background Telemedicine is particularly useful in rural areas where can facilitate access to specialised care in regions far from urban hospitals and can prevent unnecessary travel. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the degree of resolution of an asynchronous teledermatology service in the Bages County, comparing urban and rural primary care centres. Methods and findings A longitudinal descriptive study of referrals from 14 Primary Care Teams to a hospital dermatology service as a result of a previous referral to a teledermatology program was performed, comparing years 2015 and 2016 and urban with rural practices. Both in urban and rural areas there was an increase in referrals to the teledermatology service in 2016 compared to the previous year (12.9% and 0.3% respectively). In the two years analysed, referral rates to the teledermatology service per thousand inhabitants from rural centres was statistically much higher than that of urban centres (p<0.001). The number of referrals to the face-to-face dermatology service after a teledermatology consultation decreased significantly in both urban [OR=0,81 (0,70-0,93) p=0,001] and rural centres [OR=0,64 (0,57-0,72) p<0,001]. Conclusions The asynchronous teledermatology service established in the Bages County increases the resolution of primary care teams as reduces referrals to the face-to-face dermatology service. This effect is more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. Such finding may indicate the need to prioritize telemedicine services in rural primary care practices.

scholarly journals Food-based nutrition interventions at community level

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S1) ◽  
pp. S20-S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilio Morón
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations promotes nutrition interventions considering food as the basis for action, given the strategic role of food and the agricultural sector to improve food security for the community; thus, a large number of people, especially the poor, who participate directly or indirectly in agricultural activities are able to obtain benefits from its multifunctional character. Food-based nutrition interventions have the purpose of improving food production and availability, processing and conservation, supply and commercialization, as well as access and food consumption. The basis of this focus is community and local government participation in the planning, execution, supervision and evaluation of specific interventions. Food-based nutrition interventions include the development of community gardens and farms in urban and rural areas; hydroponic gardens and other related initiatives in urban and periurban agriculture; as well as the promotion of traditional crops with nutritional value and the development of small agro-industries. Food-based nutrition interventions can be implemented to improve the food supply in street and itinerant markets, town squares and rural markets, and street food sales. In all food-based interventions, food safety and quality control must be taken into consideration throughout the food chain. The interventions on nutrition education increase the family's capacity to improve access to and consumption of food. Food-based dietary guidelines and nutrition education in schools are highlighted, as well as the utilization of school gardens.

scholarly journals Virtual Learning: Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Language Learners in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Rizalin Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Depth Interviews

The sudden shift from face-to-face instruction to online-based learning was prompted by the urgent necessity to continue the delivery of instruction amidst the COVID outbreak. Since all the country’s institutions have opted to close schools and universities, students in both urban cities and rural towns have had to adjust to the new standard. Hence, this research study employed a descriptive-qualitative research design and conducted in-depth interviews to determine the challenges and coping mechanisms of language learners studying online in rural areas. Moreover, responses were transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The participants of the study were seven language learners, two males and five females who study online in rural areas. It was discovered from the interviews that among the challenges encountered are problems with internet connectivity, lack of comprehensive discussion of lessons, less interaction among peers/classmates, rare opportunity to enhance speaking skills, and absence of feedback mechanism. It was also found that students’ coping mechanisms include relocating to places known to have a greater internet access, disregarding public distractions, studying independently, reserving battery, and asking support from peers.

scholarly journals Motivations for Current E-Cigarette Use Among Adult Smokers in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 9s-9s
Author(s):  
A.N. Mat Ruzlin ◽  
M. Omar ◽  
H.-H. Yong ◽  
B. Tangiisuran ◽  
N.A. Abdul Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cigarette Tax ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Background: Recommendations from WHO regarding the comprehensive ban on tobacco advertisements, promotions and scholarships (TAPS) have recently caused tobacco companies in shifting their market strategies to focus on promoting unregulated devices such as electronic cigarettes (ECs) and vapes. Aim: This study aims to explore the motivations of EC use among dual users and its associations with sociodemographic factors and smoking related characteristics under different regulatory environments in Malaysia. Methods: A total of 5823 dual users was collected using a multistage sampling study design. Data collection was conducted through intercept face-to-face interviews within 3 waves; wave 1 (May-September 2016), wave 2 (December 2016 - April 2017) and wave 3 (May-August 2017). The samples were drawn from 5 streets randomly (two in hotspot and three in nonhotspot locations) within stratified urban and rural areas in 14 states of Malaysia. Every fifth person passing an interview station in each street was approached. All statistical tests were conducted using PASW 18. Results: The top four self-reported motivations of using EC by dual users included “tasted better than conventional cigarettes” (85.1%), “to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked” (72.9%), “to quit smoking” (63.5%) and “increase price of cigarette taxes” (62.9%). Based on a multivariate analysis, respondents from states that have no current restrictions toward the sale and usage of ECs and who use ECs less than weekly (Adj.OR=2.54; 95% CI=1.93-3.34), weekly (Adj.OR=2.22; 95% CI=1.72-2.85) and daily users (Adj.OR= 1.77; 95% CI=1.36-2.31) were more likely to use ECs due to its better taste as compared with those who use ECs less than once a month. In states that have banned the sales and usage of ECs, there was a significant association between daily users of ECs and the four primary motivations. It was found that an increasing amount of cigarettes smoked per day (Adj.OR=2.46; 95% CI=1.59-3.81) had significantly influenced smokers in these states to more likely use ECs due to the increase price of cigarette tax. Conclusion: This study was conducted to show associations between smoking characteristics, EC use and self-reported motivations under different regulatory environments in Malaysia. Frequency of EC use was significantly associated with these self-reported motivations. Further research should be conducted to monitor EC use by Malaysians as well as to contribute to the formulation of EC policy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals IMUNOLOGIA NAS ESCOLAS: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE UM PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Bruno Neves da Silva ◽  
Thaís Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Jéssica Keylly da Silva Vieira ◽  
Millena Zaíra Cartaxo da Silva ◽  
Valcleberson Elias Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Health Situation

Resumo: Dialogar acerca de temas em imunologia com a sociedade representa uma oportunidade ímpar de sensibilização acerca de formas de intervir na situação de saúde, visto que esta ciência é um campo essencial para a saúde pública. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar as ações educativas desenvolvidas pelo projeto de extensão intitulado “Imunologia em ação: utilizando a educação para promover saúde nas escolas”. As atividades foram realizadas de maio a dezembro de 2017, em oito escolas de ensino fundamental das zonas urbana e rural do município de Cajazeiras – PB, destacando ações voltadas à construção de conhecimentos relacionados à imunologia, discutindo, sobretudo: o sistema imunológico, sua composição, funções e importância para o organismo humano; ações de vacinação e sua importância para a prevenção de doenças, bem como a atuação do sistema imunológico nas imunizações ativa e passiva; o aleitamento materno e os benefícios proporcionados por este à saúde e ao bem-estar do binômio mãe-filho; a classificação sanguínea e sua relação para com a imunologia, dando ênfase aos requisitos e procedimentos para doação de sangue. O desenvolvimento das ações se deu por meio de palestras, rodas de conversas, aplicação de jogo de tabuleiro, teatralização e exposição de lâminas em microscópios, buscando realizar uma associação teórico-prática. O desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão permitiu alcançar o empoderamento da comunidade escolar das zonas urbana e rural, de forma a promover a saúde desse público, constatando a importância de se realizar ações de educação em saúde para a promoção da saúde da comunidade escolar. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Saúde Da Comunidade, Ensino De Ciências   Immunology in schools: experiences of an extension project Abstract: Dialoguing with society on issues in immunology represents a unique opportunity to raise awareness about ways of intervening in the health situation since this science is a field of essential importance for public health. This work aimed to report educational actions developed by the extension project titled: “Imunologia em ação: utilizando a educação para promover saúde nas escolas” (Immunology in action: using education to promote health in schools). The activities were carried out from May to December of 2017, in eight elementary schools in the urban and rural areas of Cajazeiras city – PB. These activities instigated construction of knowledge related to immunology, discussing primarily about: immune system, its composition, functions and importance to human organism; vaccination actions and their importance for preventing diseases, as well as the immune system's performance in active and passive immunizations; breastfeeding and the benefits it provides to both mother and child’s health and well-being; blood typing and its relation to immunology, with emphasis on requirements and procedures for blood donation. The actions of the project were developed by conducting lectures, rounds of conversation, use of board game, theatricalization and exposure of slides in microscopes, seeking to make a theoretical-practical association. The development of this extension project allowed to reach empowerment of school communities in urban and rural areas, in order to stimulate health of this public, noting the importance of carrying out health education actions to promote the health of the school communities. Keywords: University Extension, Community Health, Science Teaching   Inmunología en las escuelas: experiencias de un proyecto de extensión Resumen: Dialogar acerca de los temas en inmunología con la sociedad representa una oportunidad única de sensibilización sobre formas de intervenir en la situación de salud, ya que esta ciencia es un campo esencial para la salud pública. Se objetivó con este trabajo relatar las acciones educativas desarrolladas por el proyecto de extensión intitulado "Inmunología en acción: utilizando la educación para promover salud en las escuelas". Las actividades se realizaron de mayo a diciembre de 2017, en ocho escuelas de la primaria de las zonas urbanas y rurales de la ciudad Cajazeiras - PB, se destacando acciones dirigidas a la construcción de conocimientos relacionados a la inmunología, discutiendo, sobre todo: el sistema inmunológico, su composición funciones e importancia para el organismo humano; acciones de vacunación y su importancia para la prevención de enfermedades, así como la actuación del sistema inmunológico en las inmunizaciones activa y pasiva; la lactancia materna y los beneficios proporcionados por éste a la salud y el bienestar del binomio madre-hijo; la clasificación sanguínea y su relación con la inmunología, haciendo énfasis en los requisitos y procedimientos para la donación de sangre. El desarrollo de las acciones se dio por medio de charlas, ruedas de conversaciones, aplicación de juego de tablero, teatralización y exposición de láminas en microscopios, buscando realizar una asociación entre la teoría y la práctica. El proyecto de extensión permitió alcanzar el empoderamiento de la comunidad escolar de las zonas urbana y rural, para la promoción de la salud de ese público, constatando la importancia de realizar acciones de educación en salud para la promoción de la salud de la comunidad escolar. Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Salud de la Comunidad, Enseñanza de Ciencias

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