scholarly journals A Review: Study of Multi-ovary Wheat and Yield Contributing Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Maria Ayoub ◽  
Rabia Saif ◽  
Nawal Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Great Yield ◽  
The World ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Food Challenges

Wheat is an essential crop throughout the world and especially in Pakistan. It has a great yield potential which can cope with the raising food challenges of the world but there is a more need to increase its yield with its increasing demand. There is a need to increase the yield by improving the genetic characters. Breeder’s intention is to find out the variability in the genetic lines and by the use of these lines they can develop the high yielding breeding lines. Multi-ovary is a novel character to increase the number of grains per spikelet. What type of gene actions control that? From this review we get that some support the single dominant gene controlled trait, some support the two recessive non-complementary genes controlled trait and some favour the both as it is controlled by both dominant and recessive genes in different tri-grain lines. Secondly there is a need to study the genetic variation for the yield contributing traits. So that we can improve our genotypes to attain high yield. How we can evaluate yield and yield components. Combining ability is a considerable tool for this. Literature revealed that additive gene action contributes more towards yield than non-additive. In this many lines also came forward as good combiners which in future we can use them for a successful wheat hybridization program.

scholarly journals Resistance of Andean beans and advanced breeding lines to root rots in Uganda

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-409
Author(s):  
W. Amongi ◽  
F. Kato ◽  
A. Male ◽  
S. Musoke ◽  
S. Sebuliba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
The World ◽  
High Yield Potential

Root rots cause severe yield losses of up to >70% in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in most parts of the world, with devastating effects on the major commercial bean cultivars in East and Central Africa. Increased intensity of droughts and rains, and higher temperatures influence the occurrence and distribution of root rots, resulting in increased epidemics. The causal pathogens tend to occur in a complex, and since most cultivars do not have broad resistance, adverse effects continue to occur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of dual resistance of new breeding lines (BL) developed for root rot resistance, as well as Andean (ADP) genotypes, for resistance to Fusarium (FRR) and Pythium root rots (PRR). Altogether, 316 new BL developed for root rot resistance and 295 ADP bean genotypes were evaluated at Kawanda in Uganda. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among genotypes for both root rots and yield. Thirty and 1.9 percent of the BL and ADP genotypes expressed resistance to both root rots. In addition, more than 80% of ADP genotypes showed susceptibility to both root rots. Yield was generally poor with means of 458 kg ha-1 for ADP, and ranging from 949 to 1075 kg ha-1 for the BL groups. Nonetheless, the 0.3 and 2.4% of the ADP and BL that yielded >2000 kg ha-1 expressed high yield potential, considering that majority of the genotypes yielded below 1000 kg ha-1.

Comparison of Three High-Oleic Peanut Cultivars under Varying Field Conditions in the Southwestern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Woodward ◽  
T.A. Baughman ◽  
M.R. Baring ◽  
C.E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT Cultivar selection is one of the most economically important decisions made by peanut producers. The development of genotypes capable of maintaining yield and quality under a wide range of conditions is important so that profitability can be maximized. Issues such as declining irrigation capacity and diseases limit production in parts of Texas. Efforts of the Texas AgriLife Peanut Breeding Program are to develop breeding lines with improved yield potential, total sound mature kernels (TSMK), and disease resistance. Cultivar trials were conducted in 2009, 2010, and 2011 to evaluate the performance of the cultivar Tamrun OL11. Trials were established in several different production areas under various field conditions and included the commercial standards Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07. Yields were similar for Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07 at 4538 and 4534 kg/ha, respectively; whereas, Tamrun OL11 averaged 4845 kg/ha (P  = 0.02). TSMK plus sound splits (SS) for Tamrun OL11 were 1.3% higher than Flavor Runner 458 and 2.4% higher Tamrun OL07. When comparing cultivars in fields with a history of severe Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor) yield increases of 1240 and 2229 kg/ha were observed for Tamrun OL11 over Tamrun OL07 and Flavor Runner 458, respectively. Results from these studies illustrate the high yield potential and superior TSMK of Tamrun OL11.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for barley landraces under irrigated and dry conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Feizi ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
Behzad Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Baratali Fakheri ◽  
Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Barley cultivation for drought areas requires reliable assessment of drought tolerance variability among the breeding germplasms. Hence, 121 barley landraces, advanced breeding lines and varieties were evaluated under both moisture non-stress and stress field conditions using a lattice square (11×11) design with two replications for each set of trials. Twelve drought tolerance indices (SSI, TOL, MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, SDI, DI, RDI and SSPI) were used based on grain yield under normal (Yp) and drought (Ys) conditions. Analysis of variance showed a significant genetic variation among genotypes for all indices with the exception of TOL and SSPI indices. Yp had a very strong association with Ys (r=0.92**) that indicates high yield potential under non-stress can predict better yield under stress conditions. Yp and Ys were positively and significantly correlated with MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices, whereas they were negatively correlated with SSI and SDI. In principal component analysis (PCA), the first PC explained 64% of total variation with Yp, Ys, MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI. The second PC explained 35.6% of the total variation and had positive correlation with SSI, TOL, SDI and SSPI. It can be concluded that MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices with the most positive and significant correlation with yield at both non-stress and stress environments would be better indices to screen barley genotypes, although none of the indices could undoubtedly identify high yield genotypes under both conditions.

Yield of Peanut Genotypes Resistant to Root-Knot Nematodes1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Starr ◽  
C. E. Simpson ◽  
T. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
High Yield Potential

Abstract Yields of six runner-, two spanish-, and one virginia-type breeding lines of peanut with resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, were compared to yields of susceptible cultivars in nematode-infested and noninfested field plots in 1996. Pod yields of resistant runner-, virginia-, and one of the spanish-type breeding lines were 1.5 to 4 times greater (P = 0.05) than pod yields of the susceptible cultivars Florunner, NC-7, and Tamspan 90 in two nematode-infested fields. Final nematode population densities on most resistant breeding lines were lower (P = 0.05) than those on the susceptible cultivars. In the noninfested field, all but one runner- and the two spanish-type resistant breeding lines had pod yields that were not different from that of the susceptible cultivars. Yields of the resistant breeding lines ranged from 3890 to 5152 kg/ha in the noninfested field. In 1997, yields of three of the runner-type breeding lines were compared to the yields of Florunner and Tamrun 96 in three fields not infested with M. arenaria. In one field, no differences were observed in pod yield among the breeding lines and cultivars; in the second field the yield of two of the breeding lines were not different from the susceptible cultivars; and in the third field, only TP259-3-5 had pod yield equivalent to that of the susceptible cultivars. These data indicate that resistant runner-type genotypes with high yield potential have been developed, but additional breeding efforts are needed to develop nematode resistance in high yielding spanish- and virginia-type peanuts.

scholarly journals General and Specific Combining Ability in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) for Seed Yield and Related Traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
S. H. Prakash ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Additive Gene

Combining ability study on seed yield per plant from a 7x 7 half-diallel cross of sesame over two years showed that both general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) variances important for controlling the traits. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the gene action and select appropriate parents/crosses using combining ability analysis. Both additive and non additive was of greater significance for seed yield per plant, capsules per plant, days to flowering and oil content. Non additive genetic variances were in the genetic for 1000 seed weight and branches per plant. On the contrary preponderance of additive genetic was found in the inheritance of capsule length and seeds per capsule. The relative magnitude non-additive year interaction was larger than additive x year interaction. The variety Suprava was the best general combiner for seed yield and its major components except oil content. The cross combinations Suprava x Savitri, Suprava x JLT 408 and EC 90 x Savitri would be the best choices for obtaining desirable recombinants. Suprava x Savitri having additive gene control emerged as the best specific combiner for yield and its components except oil content. For improving seed yield and oil content simultaneously, the specific combiner IC 59 x Savitri was identified to be ideal as this cross mostly controlled by additive gene action and hence desirable recombinants can be obtained in early segregating generation. Breeding strategy for different crosses has been discussed in details. The information could help sesame breeders for appropriate selection of parents with high yield potential and oil content to develop future hybridization programs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat-Triticale Lines Resistant to Powdery Mildew, Stem Rust, Stripe Rust, Wheat Curl Mite, and Limitation on Spread of WSMV

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
Zhiyong Liu ◽  
Yiwen Li ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
High Yield Potential

High yield potential and the wide adaptability of wheat-rye T1BL·1RS translocation lines are attractive to breeders. The wheat-rye lines Lankao 1, 3, 4, and 5 were resistant to a wide spectrum of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) isolates from both China and Canada. They also were resistant to a mixture of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) pathotypes (98WSR) and wheat stripe rust (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici) races from western Canada and China. Colonization of wheat curl mite (WCM) (Aceria tosichella) resulted in slower development of rolling and trapping leaves in the Lankao lines than in the WCM-susceptible check cultivars. The delayed development of Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) symptoms on Lankao lines was observed when transmitted by viruliferous WCM, even though they were susceptible to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). This effect of Lankao lines on limiting the spread of WSM was comparable with other known sources of WCM resistance. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization analyses revealed the presence of a pair of T1BL·1RS translocated chromosomes in the Lankao lines. Segregation analysis of the F2 progeny plants derived from crosses between Lankao 4 and the susceptible wheat cvs. Mingxian 169 and Lovrin 13 indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for the isolate-specific resistance against wheat powdery mildew in Lankao 4. Polymerase chain reaction analysis using an STS marker amplified rye chromatin in powdery mildew-resistant and -susceptible F2 plants of the Mingxian 169 × Lankao 4 cross demonstrated that the resistance of Lankao 4 was not controlled by a gene or genes located on the rye chromosome arm of T1BL·1RS. The resistance of the Lankao lines to diseases and limitation of the spread of WSMV, in combination with good quality and high yield potential, makes them useful for wheat improvement and production.

scholarly journals Türkiye’de Yemeklik Tane Baklagiller Üretiminin Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybegün Ton ◽  
Tolga İbrahim Karaköy ◽  
Adem Emin Anlarsal
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
High Yield Potential

In Turkey, Chickpea is in the first rank in pulses and it is followed by lentil, bean and faba bean respectively. In the world, Turkey is one of the most important producer and exporting countries especially for chickpea and lentil. In recent years, Turkey’s chickpea and lentil production are in downvard trend. Our country has diverse ecological regions for growing many pulses species. Our production potential of pulses must be evaluated and a great importance must be given to the production of cultivars with high yield potential, quality and standart bigness seed. On the other hand, in Turkey, winter chickpea production in coastal region and winter lentil production in central Anatolion region must be widened. Pulses production must be done by using proper growing techniques. Sowing and harvesting should be done by machine. At the same time good war should be made against disease and insect for increasing yield potential of pulses. So, in Turkey, pulses plantation can be increased much more than nowdays.

scholarly journals (274) Inter- and Intra-specific Variation in Yield and Quality Traits of Chile Pepper Breeding Lines

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021A-1021
Author(s):  
Reddy R. Chinthakuntla ◽  
Frank Matta ◽  
Rao S. Mentreddy ◽  
Umesh Reddy ◽  
Padmavathi Nimmakayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Chile Peppers

Chilepepper (Capsicum spp.) is the third most important vegetable crop in the United States. The market value of chile peppers for spices and condiments exceeds $650 million per year. With a growing Hispanic population across the United States, the demand for high yielding, good quality cayenne pepper continues to increase. In order to fulfill this niche market, a study has been initiated to develop pepper varieties that combine high yield potential with superior agronomic traits, including insect and disease resistance, and fruit characteristics, using molecular marker assisted breeding/selection. In preliminary trials, several F1 generations were created through inter- and intra-specific crosses among 220 germplasm lines belonging to six Capsicumsp. in the greenhouse. Selected F1 progeny, parent lines, and selected accessions were planted in single-row field plots the following summer. The crossing success was higher within species than between. The genotypic variation was significant for all parameters examined. The average percent germination (81.1) of F1 progeny was 32% and 45% higher than that of the parent lines and selected accessions, respectively. The F1 progeny were shorter in height; more vigorous in growth, flowered early, and with fewer, but heavier, fruits per plant out-yielded the parent lines and accessions by 50% and 120%, respectively. The study showed a marked heterosis in F1 progeny compared to the parent lines and accessions. Microsatellite genotyping to estimate genetic diversity and validation of markers that are linked to various traits is in progress and will be discussed in the presentation.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and biochemical value of root cabbage crops (Brassicaceae Burnett)

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Kurina ◽  
D. L. Korniukhin ◽  
А. M. Аrtemieva
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
The World

Root crops of the Cabbage family (radish, turnip, garden radish, Russian turnip) are valuable root vegetable crops widely cultivated in the world. Radish and garden radish belong to botanical species Raphanus sativus L., turnips belong to species Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa, and Russian turnip to Brassica napobrassica L. The root crops are valuable for high concentration of vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP, C, essential amino acids and essential and mustard oils. The world collection of root plants of Cabbage family is represented by more than 2500 samples of garden radish and radish from 75 countries; 604 samples of turnip from 32 countries, 251 samples of rutabaga from 26 countries. The researchers from Russian Institute of Genetic Plant Resources named after N.I.Vavilov are involved in collecting, preserving and investigating genetic resources of root crops. The collection is being completed by expeditionary surveys, references from breeding institutions in Russia, extracts from foreign genetic banks and commercial acquisitions. The authors focus on the fact that cultivation of root crops in the Asian part of Russia requires varieties of garden radish, radish, turnips and Russian turnip not only with high yield potential, but also well adapted to local conditions, high nutritional value and high concentration of biologically active matters. Breeding of these crops should be aimed at improving their biological and consumer properties. The properties are seen as tasty varieties, ones with nutritional value that are able to keep juiciness of the pulp for a long time and resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

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