scholarly journals Tissue Lead and Cadmium Levels and Associated Haematological Changes in Goats Slaughtered at The Bodija Abattoir, Ibadan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2277-2285
Author(s):  
Afusat Jagun Jubril ◽  
Ayotunde Elijah Sijuwola ◽  
Adewole Augustine Adekola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Heavy metal environmental contamination consequent of anthropogenic factors has become a global concern with cadmium and lead constituting a major public health, livestock and ecological threat. This study, therefore, uses goats (as sentinel animals) raised in 2 different regions based on their mining history (previous and existing) to evaluate exposure to cadmium and lead and their consequent toxicities and pathological changes. A total of 130 goats (composed of 88 goats which constitute the suspected exposure (SE) group and 44 goats, the suspected unexposed (SU) group) were sampled. Blood and tissue samples (liver, kidney and muscles) were analysed for lead and cadmium levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer along with the complete blood count analysis. The mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and cadmium levels (BCLs) in the goats from the SE groups were 14.59 and 3.12 µg/dl respectively, which were significantly higher than the SU groups (9.23 and 0.46 µg/dl respectively) A significantly higher frequency of goats in the SE (93.18%) also had an elevated BLLs compared to the SU group (78.57%). The levels of tissue lead and cadmium in both the SE and SU groups were found significant and higher than the FAO/WHO maximum limits. The packed cell volume, red blood cell count, and haemoglobin concentration were found significantly lower, and the platelet count and some leucocyte parameters (total white blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte count) were found significantly higher in the SE group. The elevated cadmium and lead level in both groups further highlight the ubiquitous spread of cadmium and lead environmental contamination in both study regions and the direct risk of exposure to human and animals in Nigeria. The relative differences in the observed pathological changes in the two study groups also suggest the influence of the environmental heavy metal pollution and exposure levels on health.

scholarly journals Deciphering lead and cadmium stripping peaks for porous antimony deposited electrodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Diffusion Limitations ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

AbstractCadmium and lead are generally taken as model heavy metal ions in water to scale the detection limit of various electrode sensors, using electrochemical sensing techniques. These ions interact with the electrochemically deposited antimony electrodes depending on the diffusion limitations. The phenomenon acts differently for the in-situ and ex-situ deposition as well as for porous and non-porous electrodes. A method has been adopted in this study to discourage the stripping and deposition of the working ions (antimony) to understand the principle of heavy metal ion detection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to establish the interaction between the working and dissolved ions. In addition to the distinct peaks for each analyte, researchers also observed a shoulder peak. A possible reason for the presence of this peak was provided. Different electrochemical tests were performed to ascertain the theory on the basis of the experimental observations.

scholarly journals Detection of levels of zinc, iron, copper, trace elements and lead, cadmium in sheep grown in Trakya, a part of Marmara region in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
M.E. Or ◽  
A. Kayar ◽  
A.R. Kiziler ◽  
C. Parkan ◽  
R. Gonul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Therapeutic Program ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

This study realised in Trakya, a part of Marmara Region which is one of the seven different regions in Turkey, is aimed to detect the levels of trace elements as copper, iron, zinc and cadmium and lead in the organism in order to obtain more efficient economical results and healthier sheep breeds. At the beginning, Trakya Region was divided into 5 different districts and 30-50 sheep were chosen from each district and a total of 200 sheep were used in this study. Serum analyses showed a few decreases in the iron levels in the 2nd and 4th districts and the lowest zinc level was found in the 1st district. While the lowest copper level existed in the 3rd district, the highest lead level in the 2nd district, and finally the highest cadmium level was in the 5th district. As a result, we found that it is necessary to add these trace elements in the diet of the animals and considerable attachments of trace elements with lead and cadmium in order to apply an efficient prophylactic and therapeutic program. Also, the necessity of a similar study for the water, plant and soil samples in the region and the detection of correlation between them are revealed.

A Comparative Study of Metal Content in Selected Polish and Romanian Honey Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Purcarea ◽  
Malgorzata Dzugan ◽  
Monika Wesolowska ◽  
Adriana Monica Chis ◽  
Grzegorz Zagula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The aim of the study was to compare the heavy metal contamination and study the mineral content of Polish and Romanian honeys. We used Polish varietal honeys (n=18) produced in the year 2013-2014 in ecologically clean Podkarpackie region, and Romanian honeys (n=36) from Bihor district produced in 2013. The heavy metals concentration as well as mineral composition of honey was assayed by ICP-OES method with prior microwave mineralization. The cadmium and lead level in tested Polish honeys ranged from 0.007 to 0.021mg/kg and 0.02 to 0.098 mg/kg, respectively. Cadmium was not detected in Romanian honeys, and the lead contamination was lower than in Polish honey (0.018-0.05 mg/kg). Mercury was not detected in any tested honey samples. The aluminum content in Polish honeydew honeys was 34.6-times higher than in Romanian honeys. Honey samples from Poland were richest in potassium (2.5-fold for honeydew, lime and acacia, excluding heather), but they included less calcium. Generally, dark honeys include the highest mineral concentration and are more contaminated by heavy metals. However, all tested samples met the legal requirements for heavy metals residues. The geographical origin and soil composition strongly influenced honey chemical composition and the crucial factor for heavy metal transfer seems to be soil pH.

THE RESULTS OF STUDYING THE EFFICIENCY OF DIATOMITE AT INTOXICATION OF ANIMALS WITH CADMIUM AND LEAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
G.I. Pavlenko ◽  
N.S Pavlova ◽  
D.A. Drozdov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Heavy Metal Intoxication

The combination of cadmium and lead in doses at the level of 10 MPC for feed caused in white rats a decrease in body weight and immunoglobulin content in blood serum, an increase in the summation threshold indicator, a decrease of the amount of protein in urine and SH-groups in blood serum, a significant increase in mass coefficients of the liver and kidneys. The use of diatomite as a means to reduce heavy metal intoxication slightly increased body weight. The use of means did not lead to normalization of the summation threshold indicator, did not significantly affect the content of SH-groups. In the group of animals treated with diatomite, the mass coefficients of the liver remained significantly higher than the control values. The obtained results indicate that diatomite did not show protective properties as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication.

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological studies in cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata eggs : research communication

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oryan ◽  
S.N.S. Gaur ◽  
N. Moghadder ◽  
H. Delavar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Calves 1-2 months old were experimentally infected with eggs of Taenia saginata and clinical and haematological deviations, development and distribution of cysticerci and pathological changes were recorded. The calves infected with 5 000, 10 000 or 50 000 eggs showed an increase in pulse and respiratory rates. The animals that received 50 000 eggs had significantly increased pulse (p<0.05) and respiratory rates (p<0.005). The symptoms were more severe in young, 30-day-old calves infected with 50 000 eggs. Haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values and red blood cell count decreased, but white blood cell count increased slightly. Lymphocytes and eosinophils also increased up to 88%and 14% (p<0.05), respectively. Most of the cysticerci were not fully formed 1 month post-infection, but at 2 months the cysts were fully mature and at 4 months, some cysts had degenerated. There was no uniformpattern of distribution of cysticerci in the body of infected calves, but the most commonly affected sites were masseter and heart muscles, followed by diaphragm, tongue and other skeletal muscles. The maximum concentration of 8-14 cysticerci per 10 g of tissue was recorded in masseter muscles and heart. The affected parts revealed tissue reactions that included pressure atrophy, necrosis and fibrosis. Microscopically, the lesions comprised infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages, fibrosis, necrosis and calcification. The tissue reaction was severe in calves infected with 50 000 eggs. The severity of clinical signs, haematological and pathological changes depended mostly on the age of the animals and dose of infection.

scholarly journals Correlations between Lead and Cadmium Pollution of Honey and Environmental Heavy Metal Presence in Two Romanian Counties

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina-Aurelia ZUGRAVU ◽  
Monica PARVU ◽  
Dana PATRASCU ◽  
Ancuta STOIAN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Metal Load ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Environmental Level

Environmental heavy metal pollution is a reality in our country and can lead to chemical contamination of products entering in the human food chain. Several European studies linked the environmental level of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with their respective level in local hive products. In the present study, the purpose was to evaluate if there can be found a correlation between the environmental pollution with cadmium and lead and the level of these metals in some samples of Romanian honey. Honey was harvested from areas located near pollution sources (very circulated points, factories) and from areas generally known as unpolluted (far from towns, circulated roads, industrial plants) of 2 counties, Prahova and Arges (n=108). The metal content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the team evaluated statistically (t- test) if there are any significaticantive differences between honeys from the 2 types of environment. It has been found that the metal load was greater in polluted areas (for cadmium: t=+6, df=106, p

scholarly journals Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija V. Shulman ◽  
Olexandr Y. Pakhomov ◽  
Viktor V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Food Substrate

AbstractModelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10-2-10-9М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group.

Effect of Light on the Extraction of Lead and Cadmium from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-969
Author(s):  
Benjamin Krinitz
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Cadmium Level ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Glazed Ceramic ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abstract The effect of light on the teachability of cadmium and lead from glazed ceramic surfaces was investigated. Two sets of ceramic plates containing different levels of acid-extractable cadmium when tested by the official AOACASTM method were selected for study. Light had essentially no effect on the extractable lead level; however, the amount of cadmium extracted was dependent on the amount of light present during the leaching process. The amount of cadmium extracted in the presence of light was 1–5 times the amount extracted in the absence of light. The higher the initial cadmium level in darkness, the greater the influence of light. This photosensitive effect is presumed to be due to the presence of unprotected cadmium sulfide pigment in the glaze under test.

EFFECT OF L-CYSTEINE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE BODY OF WHITE RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
G.I. Pavlenko ◽  
N.A. Brichko ◽  
N.S. Pavlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The feed additive L-cysteine ​​in a therapeutic dose was used for 2 months against the background of poisoning of white rats with a combination of lead and cadmium at a level of 10 MPC (50 and 5 mg / kg, respectively). The maximum accumulation of heavy metals was found in the kidneys (Pb up to 8,15 mg / kg, Cd 2,51 mg / kg) and liver (Pb up to 7,44 mg / kg, Cd 1,80 mg / kg) of rats. With the introduction of L-cysteine ​​into the feed, the content of lead decreased by 2 times and cadmium by 2 ... 4 times in all investigated organs. Thus, L-cysteine has shown a fairly complete protective effect in heavy metal poisoning and can be recommended as a means that can reduce heavy metal (HM) intoxication.

Parasites as heavy metal bioindicators in the shark Carcharhinus dussumieri from the Persian Gulf

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 1053-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MALEK ◽  
M. HASELI ◽  
I. MOBEDI ◽  
M. R. GANJALI ◽  
K. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

SUMMARYIn this study the lead and cadmium concentrations in the liver, intestine, muscle and gonad of the shark Carcharhinus dussumieri and its parasites, Anthobothrium sp. and Paraorigmatobothrium sp. (Cestoda), were measured and compared. Tissue samples were collected from Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. After tissue preparation, the cadmium and lead concentrations were analysed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma technique. The results revealed that lead and cadmium concentrations in both parasite species were many times higher than in the host tissues. The results strongly support the view that helminth parasites are extremely sensitive early warning bioindicators, particularly in sensitive environments under threat but where pollution levels are presently low. They may also have a beneficial effect on the health of their hosts by acting as heavy metal filters.

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