scholarly journals Deciphering lead and cadmium stripping peaks for porous antimony deposited electrodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Diffusion Limitations ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

AbstractCadmium and lead are generally taken as model heavy metal ions in water to scale the detection limit of various electrode sensors, using electrochemical sensing techniques. These ions interact with the electrochemically deposited antimony electrodes depending on the diffusion limitations. The phenomenon acts differently for the in-situ and ex-situ deposition as well as for porous and non-porous electrodes. A method has been adopted in this study to discourage the stripping and deposition of the working ions (antimony) to understand the principle of heavy metal ion detection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to establish the interaction between the working and dissolved ions. In addition to the distinct peaks for each analyte, researchers also observed a shoulder peak. A possible reason for the presence of this peak was provided. Different electrochemical tests were performed to ascertain the theory on the basis of the experimental observations.

scholarly journals Functionalization of PET Track-Etched Membranes by UV-Induced Graft (co)Polymerization for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Zdorovets ◽  
Ilya V. Korolkov ◽  
Arman B. Yeszhanov ◽  
Yevgeniy G. Gorin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Platinum Layer

Nowadays, water quality monitoring is an essential task since environmental contamination and human exposure to heavy metals increased. Sensors that are able to detect ever lower concentrations of heavy metal ions with greater accuracy and speed are needed to effectively monitor water quality and prevent poisoning. This article shows studies of the modification of flexible track-etched membranes as the basis for the sensor with various polymers and their influence on the accuracy of detection of copper, cadmium, and lead ions in water. We report the UV-induced graft (co)polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPy) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane (PET TeMs) and use them after platinum layer sputtering in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) for detection of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. Optimal conditions leading to functionalization of the surface and retention of the pore structure were found. Modified membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and colorimetric analysis. The dependence of the modification method on the sensitivity of the sensor was shown. Membrane modified with polyacrylic acid (PET TeMs-g-PAA), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy), and their copolymer (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA) with average grafting yield of 3% have been found to be sensitive to µg/L concentration of copper, lead, and cadmium ions. Limits of detection (LOD) for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-PAA are 2.22, 1.05, and 2.53 µg/L for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. LODs for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-P4VPy are 5.23 µg/L (Cu2+), 1.78 µg/L (Pb2+), and 3.64 µg/L (Cd2+) µg/L. PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA electrodes are found to be sensitive with LODs of 0.74 µg/L(Cu2+), 1.13 µg/L (Pb2+), and 2.07 µg/L(Cd2+). Thus, it was shown that the modification of membranes by copolymers with carboxylic and amino groups leads to more accurate detection of heavy metal ions, associated with the formation of more stable complexes.

Heavy metal adsorption changes of EAF steel slag after phosphorus adsorption

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1570-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanling Song ◽  
Lijing Cao ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Wenhua Hou ◽  
Qunhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Adsorption ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

A kind of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag was phosphated, and its isothermal and dynamic adsorptions of copper, cadmium, and lead ions were measured to determine if heavy metal adsorption changes after phosphorus adsorption. The surface area increased greatly after the slag was phosphated. Isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the theoretical Qmax of the EAF steel slag on Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ improved 59, 50, and 89% respectively after it was phosphated. Dynamic adsorption results showed that the greatest adsorption capacities of unit volume of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ were 2.2, 1.8, and 1.8 times that of the column packed with original EAF steel slag when the column was packed with phosphate EAF steel slag at the same heavy metal ion concentration. The breakthrough time, the exhaustion time and elution efficiency of the column also increased when the column was packed with phosphated EAF steel slag compared with that packed with original EAF steel slag. Phosphorus adsorption could further improve the heavy metal ion adsorption of the EAF steel slag.

scholarly journals A modified ionic liquid clay to remove heavy metals from water: investigating its catalytic activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 2043-2058
Author(s):  
S. Kakaei ◽  
E. S. Khameneh ◽  
M. H. Hosseini ◽  
M. M. Moharreri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Map Analysis

Abstract The new clay modified with triazole and triazolium ligands was prepared in this research. These materials were applied as abundant and eco-friendly adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions such as Pb(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions. The adsorption efficiency of these materials was calculated by relevant equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich as well as kinetic studies with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. These adsorbents proved to be very active on heavy metal ion adsorption. The characterization of these new materials was carried out by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as SEM-map analysis. Eventually, the catalytic activity of the adsorbents which treated with heavy metal ion solutions was studied in the reduction of nitroarenes to its corresponding amines. The prepared adsorbent–catalyst materials indicated efficient catalytic activity in the reduction of nitroarenes to amines in ambient conditions. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Screen-printed back-to-back electroanalytical sensors: heavy metal ion sensing

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 4130-4136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Ruas de Souza ◽  
Christopher W. Foster ◽  
Athanasios V. Kolliopoulos ◽  
Mauro Bertotti ◽  
Craig E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Ion Sensing ◽  
Metal Ion Sensing ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion Sensing ◽  
Screen Printed

The back-to-back screen-printed electrochemical sensing approach is applied to the quantification of lead(ii) in drinking water which is independently verified with ICP-OES.

Polysulfide/Graphene Nanocomposite Film for Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Cadmium and Lead Ions

NANO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 1850090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruyuan Jiang ◽  
Niantao Liu ◽  
Yuhong Su ◽  
Sanshuang Gao ◽  
Xamxikamar Mamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
X Ray

An integrative electroanalytical method was developed for detecting Cd[Formula: see text] and Pb[Formula: see text] ions in aqueous solutions. Polysulfide/graphene (RGO-S) nanocomposites were prepared and their performance as electrochemical sensors for Cd[Formula: see text] and Pb[Formula: see text] was evaluated. The RGO-S nanocomposite was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-prepared RGO-S was incorporated into a pyrolytic graphite electrode (RGO-S/PGE) and used for detecting trace amount of Cd[Formula: see text] and Pb[Formula: see text] by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the stripping peak current of RGO-S/PGE varies linearly with heavy metal ion concentration in the ranges 2.0–300[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g L[Formula: see text] for Cd[Formula: see text] and 1.0–300[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g L[Formula: see text] for Pb[Formula: see text]. The limits of detection for Cd[Formula: see text] and Pb[Formula: see text] were estimated to be about 0.67[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g L[Formula: see text] and 0.17[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g L[Formula: see text], respectively. The prepared electrochemical heavy-metal-detecting electrode provides good repeatability and reproducibility with high sensitivity, making it a suitable candidate for monitoring Cd[Formula: see text] and Pb[Formula: see text] concentrations in aqueous environmental samples.

THE RESULTS OF STUDYING THE EFFICIENCY OF DIATOMITE AT INTOXICATION OF ANIMALS WITH CADMIUM AND LEAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
G.I. Pavlenko ◽  
N.S Pavlova ◽  
D.A. Drozdov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Heavy Metal Intoxication

The combination of cadmium and lead in doses at the level of 10 MPC for feed caused in white rats a decrease in body weight and immunoglobulin content in blood serum, an increase in the summation threshold indicator, a decrease of the amount of protein in urine and SH-groups in blood serum, a significant increase in mass coefficients of the liver and kidneys. The use of diatomite as a means to reduce heavy metal intoxication slightly increased body weight. The use of means did not lead to normalization of the summation threshold indicator, did not significantly affect the content of SH-groups. In the group of animals treated with diatomite, the mass coefficients of the liver remained significantly higher than the control values. The obtained results indicate that diatomite did not show protective properties as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication.

Design and development of electrochemical potentiostat circuit for the sensing of toxic cadmium and lead ions in soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Katiyar ◽  
Usha Rani KR ◽  
Sindhu TS ◽  
Sneha Jain HD ◽  
Vidhyashree V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Metal Ion Detection

Abstract Contamination of heavy metal ions in soils has proved to be a significant concern and it poses many health risks. Conventional methods which was used for the identification and detection of heavy metals were non portable and not suitable for onsite applications. The proposed work is to design a low cost electronic circuit for the detection of cadmium and lead ions in soil sample. A screen printed electrode and a Glassy Carbon electrode are interfaced with a designed circuit for electrochemical analysis. Anodic stripping voltammetry is the theory behind the metal ion detection process. Based on the current peaks observed in voltammetry process, the presence of lead and cadmium in given sample can be determined. A voltage controlled circuit is designed to perform the functions of Ec-Lab which makes this system portable. The results are compared with that of the potentiostat device to evaluate the accuracy of the designed circuit.

scholarly journals Tissue Lead and Cadmium Levels and Associated Haematological Changes in Goats Slaughtered at The Bodija Abattoir, Ibadan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2277-2285
Author(s):  
Afusat Jagun Jubril ◽  
Ayotunde Elijah Sijuwola ◽  
Adewole Augustine Adekola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Heavy metal environmental contamination consequent of anthropogenic factors has become a global concern with cadmium and lead constituting a major public health, livestock and ecological threat. This study, therefore, uses goats (as sentinel animals) raised in 2 different regions based on their mining history (previous and existing) to evaluate exposure to cadmium and lead and their consequent toxicities and pathological changes. A total of 130 goats (composed of 88 goats which constitute the suspected exposure (SE) group and 44 goats, the suspected unexposed (SU) group) were sampled. Blood and tissue samples (liver, kidney and muscles) were analysed for lead and cadmium levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer along with the complete blood count analysis. The mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and cadmium levels (BCLs) in the goats from the SE groups were 14.59 and 3.12 µg/dl respectively, which were significantly higher than the SU groups (9.23 and 0.46 µg/dl respectively) A significantly higher frequency of goats in the SE (93.18%) also had an elevated BLLs compared to the SU group (78.57%). The levels of tissue lead and cadmium in both the SE and SU groups were found significant and higher than the FAO/WHO maximum limits. The packed cell volume, red blood cell count, and haemoglobin concentration were found significantly lower, and the platelet count and some leucocyte parameters (total white blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte count) were found significantly higher in the SE group. The elevated cadmium and lead level in both groups further highlight the ubiquitous spread of cadmium and lead environmental contamination in both study regions and the direct risk of exposure to human and animals in Nigeria. The relative differences in the observed pathological changes in the two study groups also suggest the influence of the environmental heavy metal pollution and exposure levels on health.

scholarly journals Removal of Pb and Cd from aqueous media and fish liver using novel polyurethane foam functionalized with pyrazolone as a new metal ion collector

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Burham ◽  
S.M. Abdel-Azeem ◽  
M.F. El-Shahat
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

AbstractIn the present paper, an off-line preconcentration procedure for the determination of cadmium and lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is proposed. Polyurethane foam (PUF) functionalized with o-aminophenol (o-AP) followed by Pyrazolone (Pyr) packed in a minicolumn was used as a sorbent material. The metals were retained on the modified PUF, from which it could be eluted and effectively preconcentrated. The detection limits were 0.072 and 0.016 μg L−1 for Pb and Cd respectively. Enrichment factors were 250 and 319 for lead and cadmium respectively. The procedure has been applied successfully to metal determination in water samples, fish liver and reference material.

scholarly journals Correlations between Lead and Cadmium Pollution of Honey and Environmental Heavy Metal Presence in Two Romanian Counties

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina-Aurelia ZUGRAVU ◽  
Monica PARVU ◽  
Dana PATRASCU ◽  
Ancuta STOIAN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Metal Load ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Environmental Level

Environmental heavy metal pollution is a reality in our country and can lead to chemical contamination of products entering in the human food chain. Several European studies linked the environmental level of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with their respective level in local hive products. In the present study, the purpose was to evaluate if there can be found a correlation between the environmental pollution with cadmium and lead and the level of these metals in some samples of Romanian honey. Honey was harvested from areas located near pollution sources (very circulated points, factories) and from areas generally known as unpolluted (far from towns, circulated roads, industrial plants) of 2 counties, Prahova and Arges (n=108). The metal content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the team evaluated statistically (t- test) if there are any significaticantive differences between honeys from the 2 types of environment. It has been found that the metal load was greater in polluted areas (for cadmium: t=+6, df=106, p

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document