scholarly journals A Low-Cost Telephony System for Small/Medium Scale Businesses in Nigeria: An Implementation of VoIP on a LAN Using Mini SIP Server

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwaogwugwgu Ibeabuchi Benjamin ◽  
Amachundi Samuel Adda ◽  
Nandom Sumayyah Sophie ◽  
Nze Chiedozie Victor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Sip Server

scholarly journals BUDGET UAV SYSTEMS FOR THE PROSPECTION OF SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SCALE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ostrowski ◽  
K. Hanus
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Operational Range

One of the popular uses of UAVs in photogrammetry is providing an archaeological documentation. A wide offer of low-cost (consumer) grade UAVs, as well as the popularity of user-friendly photogrammetric software allowing obtaining satisfying results, contribute to facilitating the process of preparing documentation for small archaeological sites. However, using solutions of this kind is much more problematic for larger areas. The limited possibilities of autonomous flight makes it significantly harder to obtain data for areas too large to be covered during a single mission. Moreover, sometimes the platforms used are not equipped with telemetry systems, which makes navigating and guaranteeing a similar quality of data during separate flights difficult. The simplest solution is using a better UAV, however the cost of devices of such type often exceeds the financial capabilities of archaeological expeditions. <br><br> The aim of this article is to present methodology allowing obtaining data for medium scale areas using only a basic UAV. The proposed methodology assumes using a simple multirotor, not equipped with any flight planning system or telemetry. Navigating of the platform is based solely on live-view images sent from the camera attached to the UAV. The presented survey was carried out using a simple GoPro camera which, from the perspective of photogrammetric use, was not the optimal configuration due to the fish eye geometry of the camera. Another limitation is the actual operational range of UAVs which in the case of cheaper systems, rarely exceeds 1 kilometre and is in fact often much smaller. Therefore the surveyed area must be divided into sub-blocks which correspond to the range of the drone. It is inconvenient since the blocks must overlap, so that they will later be merged during their processing. This increases the length of required flights as well as the computing power necessary to process a greater number of images. <br><br> These issues make prospection highly inconvenient, but not impossible. Our paper presents our experiences through two case studies: surveys conducted in Nepal under the aegis of UNESCO, and works carried out as a part of a Polish archaeological expedition in Cyprus, which both prove that the proposed methodology allows obtaining satisfying results. The article is an important voice in the ongoing debate between commercial and academic archaeologists who discuss the balance between the required standards of conducting archaeological works and economic capabilities of archaeological missions.

A Preliminary Assessment of Low-Cost Bridge Scour Monitoring Methods and Tools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eftychia Koursari ◽  
Stuart Wallace ◽  
Panagiotis Michalis ◽  
Manousos Valyrakis ◽  
Scott Paton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Bridge Scour ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Surface Shaping ◽  
Scale Structures

<p>Scour is a major cause of bridge collapse worldwide.</p><p>Climate change has resulted in flood events increasing both in frequency and in magnitude. Climate change, together with the current uncertainty about maximum scour depth around structures, make scour and other hydraulic actions some of the most important challenges for engineering going forward.</p><p>This study offers a preliminary assessment of bridge scour monitoring methods considering scour as a dynamical earth surface shaping process, and discusses how these methods can be used to improve predictive models for bridge scour depth.</p><p>Current methods used to monitor scour are mostly reactive. A vast amount of research has been carried out, aiming towards the implementation of various approaches to assist in the monitoring of scour; however, most methods used are either still reactive, or extremely costly and therefore not practical to be used for small to medium scale structures. This study aims in addressing major challenges faced by establishing a new, innovative framework for the monitoring of scour, while considering relevant approaches in literature. It discusses the development of an innovative, sustainable and low-cost framework, that can be used for small to medium scale structures. This will ensure a proactive response in the event of catastrophic scour occurring, safeguarding infrastructure and the travelling public.</p>

An intelligent web-based point of sales management system for small and medium scale businesses

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Asubonteng Mishack ◽  
James Kwabena Essiaw ◽  
Alhassan Abdul Razak ◽  
Bridgitte Owusu-Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Management System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sales Management ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
User Friendly

The increase in population globally has caused organisations and businesses to move from square rooms, table-top and containers into supermarkets, malls and more. With this expansion in businesses, the traditional pen and paperwork system for keeping records are becoming more difficult for salespersons and shop owners everywhere. However, the introduction of the point-of-sales management system and advancement in technologies have elevated the challenges facing shop owners in managing their daily sales and balance sheet. Despite the overwhelming number of POS systems available, wholesalers and retailers' in low-income counties such as Ghana see some challenges with the existing POS, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness. Thus, the cultural difference makes it difficult for easy adaptation of shop owners to off-the-shell POS system. Hence, the current study sought to design and develop a user-friendly, low-cost intelligent web-based point of sales management system for small and medium scale business in the Bono region of Ghana, based on a user-centred approach. Using a waterfall model, we implement a POS system based on XAMP server and MySQL database as backend and PHP for server-side scripting. At the same time, HTML and CSS were used for front end development. Our experimental setup with ten students shows that the proposed system is easy to use and robust. Thus, it has a user-friendly interface for even novice to learn it with ease.

Development of a Low-cost Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. Lasisi ◽  
O. D. Isinkaye ◽  
B. O. Fati
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Runoff Losses

The localized irrigation is the artificial application of water to the root zone of plants for the purpose of supplying the essential moisture requirement for plant growth. The system makes the production and availability of food crops, citrus and vegetables possible throughout the year on small and medium scale basis at an affordable cost. In places and periods of water scarcity, low-cost drip irrigation can be used for the economic growing of vegetables, citrus and food crops all –round the year. This paper aimed at developing a low-cost drip irrigation system to empower the small and medium scale farmers to produce crops during offseason at minimum operational cost with less human efforts. The field area of 126.4 m2 was properly cleared, stumped, ploughed, harrowed and leveled. The leveling was carried out to allow unobstructed flow and evenly distribution of water to the root of plants. The system does not only reduce water loss but also conserve water during the period of scarcity. The controlled moisture available to the plant at low soil tension results in faster growth, higher yields, better quality and more environmentally and health friendly. The system improves the penetration of water into problematic soils and reduces substantially deep percolation and runoff losses. The system also saves water, money, time and makes provision for all- season farming. The topography of the field was flat with its suitable soil texture, texture, retention capacity and pump for this work was designed and selected to be 1 hp. The system was developed using a simple principle of water flow through gravity to drip out water at regulated interval to irrigate farmland. The drum has 214 litres capacity and 121 emitters. The total cost of production was estimated to be ₦50, 790 which is affordable by small and medium scale farmers.

scholarly journals Biomass Combustion Control in Small and Medium-Scale Boilers Based on Low Cost Sensing the Trend of Carbon Monoxide Emissions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Jana Mižáková ◽  
Ján Piteľ ◽  
Alexander Hošovský ◽  
Ivan Pavlenko ◽  
Marek Ochowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
The Real ◽  
Medium Scale

The article deals with the possibility of efficient control of small and medium-scale biomass-fired boilers by implementing low-cost sensors to sense the trend of carbon monoxide emissions into control of the biomass combustion process. Based on the theoretical analysis, a principle block diagram of the process control system was designed for the possibility of providing near-optimal control of the biomass combustion regardless of its quality parameters. A cost-effective hardware solution to obtain the dependence of CO emissions on O2 concentration in flue gas during combustion and new control algorithms was implemented into the process control and monitoring system of the biomass-fired boilers to test them in the real operation. A description of the designed control system, a data analysis of the monitored values and their impact on combustion process, and some results of the implemented control of the real biomass combustion process are presented in the article.

scholarly journals BUDGET UAV SYSTEMS FOR THE PROSPECTION OF SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SCALE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 971-977
Author(s):  
W. Ostrowski ◽  
K. Hanus
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Operational Range

One of the popular uses of UAVs in photogrammetry is providing an archaeological documentation. A wide offer of low-cost (consumer) grade UAVs, as well as the popularity of user-friendly photogrammetric software allowing obtaining satisfying results, contribute to facilitating the process of preparing documentation for small archaeological sites. However, using solutions of this kind is much more problematic for larger areas. The limited possibilities of autonomous flight makes it significantly harder to obtain data for areas too large to be covered during a single mission. Moreover, sometimes the platforms used are not equipped with telemetry systems, which makes navigating and guaranteeing a similar quality of data during separate flights difficult. The simplest solution is using a better UAV, however the cost of devices of such type often exceeds the financial capabilities of archaeological expeditions. <br><br> The aim of this article is to present methodology allowing obtaining data for medium scale areas using only a basic UAV. The proposed methodology assumes using a simple multirotor, not equipped with any flight planning system or telemetry. Navigating of the platform is based solely on live-view images sent from the camera attached to the UAV. The presented survey was carried out using a simple GoPro camera which, from the perspective of photogrammetric use, was not the optimal configuration due to the fish eye geometry of the camera. Another limitation is the actual operational range of UAVs which in the case of cheaper systems, rarely exceeds 1 kilometre and is in fact often much smaller. Therefore the surveyed area must be divided into sub-blocks which correspond to the range of the drone. It is inconvenient since the blocks must overlap, so that they will later be merged during their processing. This increases the length of required flights as well as the computing power necessary to process a greater number of images. <br><br> These issues make prospection highly inconvenient, but not impossible. Our paper presents our experiences through two case studies: surveys conducted in Nepal under the aegis of UNESCO, and works carried out as a part of a Polish archaeological expedition in Cyprus, which both prove that the proposed methodology allows obtaining satisfying results. The article is an important voice in the ongoing debate between commercial and academic archaeologists who discuss the balance between the required standards of conducting archaeological works and economic capabilities of archaeological missions.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF AGILE MANUFACTURING IN MEDIUM SCALE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Nasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agile Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tools And Techniques

To compete effectively in the global marketplace of the twenty-first century, manufacturing companies are trying to maintain a high level of flexibility and responsiveness to achieve agility and to remain competitive. Manufacturers are under tremendous pressure to improve productivity and quality while reducing costs. The new competition is in terms of reduced cost, improved quality products with higher performance, a wider range of products and better services all delivered simultaneously to enhance value to customers. In such environment providing good quality product at low cost for a medium scale industry has become very tough. To provide good quality product at low cost, small industries need a formulation of some manufacturing approaches like agile manufacturing to manufacture defect free products within their materials cost limit. Medium scale steel manufacturing industries like Magnum steel limited (MSL), banmore are facing problems of higher rejections in form of wastes so as to increase their cost. This paper aims to analyze the application of agile manufacturing in magnum steel limited in order to reduce wastages through implementing lean tools and techniques. An agility audit questionnaire is used for assessing the agility level of the company to identify the current level of performance within the company with respect to the key elements of agility. MSL’s agile experience is reported including a list of recommendation for improving its competitiveness to offer solution alternatives not only to the current problems but also to the ones that may be encountered in the future.

A medium-scale hybrid interface

SIMULATION ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Marston ◽  
J.S. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Signal Selection ◽  
Hybrid Interface

A flexible, low-cost hybrid interface linking a DEC PDP-9 digital computer with an EAI 231 R-V analog computer is described. The interface includes provision for complete mode control of the 231 R-V by the PDP-9, as well as signal selection and potentiometer setting facilities. Data transfer is accomplished by using double-buffered D/A registers with provision for controlling the transfer of data from either the analog or digital side of the interface. In addi tion, provision is made for the updating of several D/A channels simultaneously. A sixteen channel analog multi plexer with a settling-time of less than two microseconds has been designed and is employed with a twelve-bit twenty-microsecond A/D converter for high-speed analog- to-digital data transfer.

scholarly journals Peningkatan produksi petani Jamur Tiram dengan teknik kultur di Kota Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Yurnaliza Yurnaliza ◽  
Liana Dwi Sri Hastuti ◽  
Riyanto Sinaga ◽  
Adrian Hartanto ◽  
Wita E Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The City

Oyster mushrooms are one of the commodities that people are interested in to meet the needs of healthy and nutritious foods, where the demand of this fungus increases every year. In the city of Medan, oyster mushroom cultivation has begun to develop in the home industry, small to medium scale industries, but in fact it has not yet fulfilled the market demand. The low production of oyster mushrooms caused by the low knowledge of the farmer in preparation of the seed, either F-0, F-1, F-2 or F-3 and ultimately fail in baglog preparation as the final media stage for oyster mushroom production. In the seedlings and backlogs manufacturer should follow the technical culture standard preparation of seedling. Socialization has been carried out by Tim ABDIMAS with the demonstration and introducing culture and sterilization technique using saving energy autoclave, efficient in use for the mushroom farmers and expected after the program the farmers can be confident and become independent in spawn or seedling producing by themselves. The use of autoclave is very effective and significant in reducing the number of contaminated seedlings, as seen in the graph which is also presented in this paper. Knowledge of making mushroom flour with a simple method with low cost in contemporary and hygienic packaging ready to be marketed as a basic ingredient in food processed products or as an ingredient in traditional medicine is also provided.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

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