scholarly journals Selection of conductive yarns for knitting an electrical heating element

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Šahta ◽  
I. Baltina ◽  
N. Truskovska ◽  
J. Blums ◽  
E. Deksnis
Keyword(s):  
Heating Element ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Automated Laser Ablation of Inhomogeneous Metal Oxide Films to Manufacture Uniform Surface Temperature Profile Electrical Heating Elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Joshua Ingham ◽  
John Lewis ◽  
David Cheneler
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Metal Oxide Films ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Laser Control

This paper presents automated laser ablation strategies to improve the temperature distribution across the surface of inhomogeneous Ni-Fe-Cr-NiO electrical heating elements during joule heating. A number of iterative closed-loop laser control algorithms have been developed and analyzed in order to assess their impact on the efficacy of the heating element, in terms of homogeneous temperature control, and on the implications for automated fabrication of inhomogeneous metal oxide films. Analysis shows that the use of the leading method, i.e., use of a temperature-dependent variable-power approach with memory of previous processes, showed a 68% reduction in the standard deviation of the temperature distribution of the heating element and a greater uniformity of temperature profile as compared to existing manual methods of processing.

scholarly journals Thermal insulation property of graphene/polymer coated textile based multi-layer fabric heating element with aramid fabric

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyelim Kim ◽  
Han Seong Kim ◽  
Sunhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Thermal Insulation Property

Abstract This study investigated the thermal insulation properties based on electrical heating test of graphene-based multi-layer fabric heating elements to confirm the possibility of application for fabric heating element for protective clothing. Four layers were designed as layers of outer, filler, electrical heating textile, and lining. The outer fabrics used two different densities of aramid woven fabrics (LD_ARW and HD_ARW), an aramid knit (AR_KT), and nonwoven (AR_NW). Fabricated graphene/polymer coated electrical heating textile (GR) exhibits a surface temperature of about 85 °C, a current of 0.12 A, and a power of 3 W when 30 V is applied. As composed with 4-layer, the surface temperature of LD_ARW and HD_ARW used as the outer for sample indicated less than 50 °C, due to their excellent heat resistance property; whereas, when AR_KT and AR_NW were used, the temperature was about 50 °C. This is because their fine fibers form high porosity that can entrap air. As a result of the thermal insulation properties, the temperature difference of each layer was in the order ΔT(GR-N3) < ΔT(GR-Lining) < ΔT(GR-Outer). In particular, when AR_NW was used as the outer fabric, ΔT(GR-Outer) was decreased by about 10 °C, compared with that of the other outer fabric. By the effect of relative humidity under dry 25% RH and comfortable 55% RH, the temperature difference was decreased under 55% RH; thus, the thermal insulation property was improved under comfortable humidity condition. Therefore, the best thermal insulation performance was exhibited when AR_NW was used as outer under 55% RH, and it is expected to expand its application to fabric heating element for protective clothing.

Design Methodology for Axial Force Response of Pipe-in-Pipe: A Probabilistic Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Fyrileiv ◽  
Mark Marley ◽  
Sune Pettersen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Offshore Development ◽  
Selection Of

As the easy oil is more or less gone, the typical offshore development faces several challenges in the future. These may be related to ultra deep water or difficult operational conditions like high pressure and temperatures. In addition there are often challenges related to flow, for example wax or hydrates during shut-downs or in tail production. Prevention of wax and hydrates is often solved by injection of chemicals or alternatively by some sort of heating, e.g. direct electrical heating. It may also to some degree be solved by superior thermal insulation or a combination of the methods mentioned. A thick insulation coating may give additional challenges with respect to submerged weight. Pipe-in-pipe (PIP) designs, where the flowline is insulated and covered by an outer pipe, solve this challenge and are becoming more and more popular. However, the pipe-in-pipe concepts also provide some specific challenges. DNV has recently been involved in a PIP project with quite challenging operational conditions. The combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) and a corrosive well fluid with a buried pipe-in-pipe without any release of axial force leads to a very conservative design using conventional design approach. This challenge can be solved by applying a stochastic design approach avoiding conservative assumptions on top of each other. A probabilistic analysis targeting an acceptable probability of failure according to DNV-OS-F101 [1] resulted in an optimised design with a balanced selection of input parameters and avoiding ultra-conservative, worst case input combinations.

Local Repair of Parts from Polymer Composite Material with the Use of Portable Hot Bonder Control Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
V.V. Bazheryanu ◽  
I.V. Zaychenko ◽  
E.P. Zharikova
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Polymer Composite Material ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Local Repair ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Selection Of

The object of research is the repair processes of parts made of polymer composite materials using a local heating element. The goal is the development of technology, the selection of equipment for repair of parts and assemblies from polymer composite materials using a local heating element and a vacuum source outside the production area, as part of the aircraft. In the process of performing the work, an analysis and review of the existing equipment for local repair of parts from polymer composite materials was carried out. Equipment for local repair of own and imported production was tested. Based on the results of testing and market analysis, equipment was selected that meets the requirements of ND for the manufacture of parts from polymer composite materials. A technical process for repairing parts using a local heating element and a device for hot gluing has been developed.

scholarly journals A Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Cardiac Output Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fotheringham ◽  
A. R. Gourlay ◽  
S. Mckee ◽  
S. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Approximate Relationship ◽  
Hot Film ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hot Film Anemometry

Measurement of cardiac output is often investigated using a technique based on hot-film anemometry. Here, we discuss a modification to hot-film anemometry, which involves a cylindrical heating element mounted flush on the surface of a typical Swan-Ganz catheter. In contrast to traditional thermodilution, the method discussed here has the potential to allow continuous monitoring of cardiac output.This paper demonstrates that there is a simple approximate relationship between the power input to the device to maintain a temperature of one degree above blood heat and cardiac output. Since, the heat transfer and the fluid flow decouple, a numerical model of the heat transfer of a cylindrical catheter (with heating element) sitting concentrically within a rigid cylindrical artery is developed. Numerical results were obtained for a wide selection of flow profiles, including experimental data. The results indicate that the cardiac output/power input relationship is extremely robust with respect to flow profile and system parameter variation.

scholarly journals A comparative study of a direct current heating system and a gas furnace heating coil

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Ali Taileb
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Current System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Heating Coil ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Furnace Heating

The objective of this research is to compare the efficiency of a direct current (DC) heating system with an electrical furnace coil. This was done using a house lab as a test bed located on the Durham College Whitby Campus in Canada. The house is approximately 1000 square feet, originally built circa 1950's/1960's, with an existing gas furnace of 60,000 BTUs and an energy efficiency EnerGuide rating of 95.5. Three options were tested during winter 2016 along with the electrical heating element. Weather normalization was taken into consideration using data provided by the weather network. The analysis showed that the direct current heating system option 3 had a higher BTUH/Watt= 3.73 compared to the furnace heating element=2.25 BTUH/Watt which represent a difference of 39.6%. An energy simulation was run using the HOT2000 software to evaluate the direct current technology vs gas, oil, propane and electricity. In each case the direct current technology showed an energy savings better than the comparative technology. From the data collected and analysis, it can be concluded that the direct current system is a valid technology for heating buildings. It is more efficient than the industry standard electrical heating coil with an efficiency of up to 40% better.

Effect of Covering Protection Materials and Electrical Heating Element on Floral Bud damage of Young Grapevines

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Seok-Ho Lee ◽  
◽  
Sun-Kook Kim ◽  
Seung-Duck Kim ◽  
Jae-Wung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Element ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Floral Bud

Epoxy/MWCNT Composite as Temperature Sensor and Electrical Heating Element

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz C. Neitzert ◽  
Luigi Vertuccio ◽  
Andrea Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Heating Element ◽  
Electrical Heating

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

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