scholarly journals Shale Gas Production in the Post-Soviet Countries: First Results and Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
S. S. Zhiltsov ◽  
I. S. Zonn
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrocarbon Resource ◽  
The People ◽  
First Results ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The One

This chapter considers the approaches and possibilities of exploration and use of shale gas in the countries of the former USSR. Many of them became interested in the results of the US “shale revolution” which opened the new stage in gas production. Some post-Soviet countries are eager by using shale gas to reduce their dependence on external deliveries, thus, attaining energy independence.The data on shale gas reserves in the post-Soviet countries are taken together; the preliminary results of energy policy in these countries concerning development of the shale gas deposits are presented; the first results of oil and gas company activities are analyzed.Of all post-Soviet countries, Ukraine was most active in this respect having declared about possessing the greatest shale gas reserves. Ukraine invited foreign oil and gas companies which showed interest in the shale deposits. But the shale gas production in Ukraine acquired political dimensions impeding the objective assessment of startup conditions and likely consequences of shale gas extraction for the people and natural environment. Shale gas was in the focus of attention of the authorities in Kazakhstan and Moldavia which considered this hydrocarbon resource as the significant factor for diversification of hydrocarbon supply and ensuring independence of the Russian gas. “Shale revolution” was not neglected in Russia which had to take into account the shale gas factor in the world energy balance adjusting its policy respectively. USA made attempt to push its shale contracts in Russia, thus, ensuring access to the Russian gas market. On the one hand, Russia remained indifferent to the shale boom and went on implementation of its pipeline projects, but, on the other hand, it does not waive off absolutely the potential of this hydrocarbon resource.In general, the post-Soviet countries regardless of the lack of a legislative base, technologies and unresolved environmental issues have shown certain interest in shale gas production. 

scholarly journals Engendering access to environmental justice in Nigeria's oil producing areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Fo Nyemutu Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Additional Burden ◽  
Huge Challenge

This article interrogates engendering access to environmental justice in Nigeria's oil producing areas and its connection with poverty and disempowerment of women. Women already suffer from the fact that access to justice for the vast majority of Nigerians is challenging and restrictive. It is discriminatory against women. Access to environmental justice is, therefore, an additional burden on them, and of significant concern to the people in the country's oil producing Niger Delta region. Militant youths, women and communities have protested in diverse forms against the injustice they suffer as a result of oil and gas production in the region. However, the Nigerian State has often responded with brutal repression resulting in deepening environmental insult in the region. The oil producing areas, therefore, suffer a triple jeopardy. First, access to justice remains a huge challenge for the people, including women. Secondly, there is the additional burden that they have to struggle for environmental justice against a State and international oil companies that are complicit in the adverse environmental desiderata, a disproportionate brunt of which is borne by women who, however, occupy an auxiliary position in the struggle. Thirdly, where there is policy intervention by way of environmental "clean up" projects, such interventions hardly face up to the need to involve women in developing and implementing key policies, which means that important issues for women are ignored and women continue to suffer substantive environmental injustice.

Trends in natural gas pricing and their effects on traditional contracting structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Lisa Henneberry ◽  
Steven Harris ◽  
Anthony Way
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
End User ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Major Region ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Contracting Model

This extended abstract analyses the combined disruptive effects of the shale gas boom, the global gas glut, and the worldwide economic crisis on international gas markets. These factors are considered in three major regions of the world: In the competitive and liquid US gas market, increased domestic shale gas production prompted a dramatic decline in US gas prices and ultimately eliminated virtually all demand for new supplies of imported LNG. In Europe, continuing liberalisation in the EU's natural gas end-user and wholesale markets, the growing liquidity of trading hubs across Europe, and the introduction of cheaper spot-gas have fundamentally changed the traditional oil-indexed gas and LNG contracting models. In Asia, changes in buyer sensitivities to supply security and the development of new sources of supply have prompted discounting against traditional oil-based benchmarks and an increase in short-term or more flexible LNG purchases. This extended abstract explores the combined effects of these developing trends in each major region together with the typical responses of buyers and sellers in each market. These effects and reactions introduce associated complexities in this changing-price environment. The authors also explore potential changes in the traditional gas and LNG contracting model and the evolution of related risk allocations, which contracting parties often rely on.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS MARKET AND THE MAIN MEASURES OF STATE SUPPORT AIMED AT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARCTIC OIL AND GAS PROJECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Igor V. Selin ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Ulchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
State Support ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Exploration Drilling ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
High Level

This article is devoted to the study of the main trends in the development of the oil and gas market, as well as the transfer of state support aimed at the implementation of Arctic oil and gas projects. The analysis showed that 2020 turned out to be extremely difficult for the oil and gas industry as a whole. The volumes of oil and natural gas production and consumption decreased, and due to a reduction in revenue, large domestic companies began to save on exploration drilling. Given the high level of «depletion» of oil reserves in traditional fields, with an increase in demand, in the short term, domestic oil companies will not be able to quickly increase production volumes and take advantage of favorable market conditions.

scholarly journals Methane and ethane emission scenarios for potential shale gas production in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon J. H. Visschedijk ◽  
Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon ◽  
Hans C. Doornenbal ◽  
Lorenzo Cremonese
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
The Us

Abstract. A main concern surrounding (shale) gas production and exploitation is the leakage of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. High leakage rates have been observed outside of Europe but the representativeness of these observations for Europe is unknown. To facilitate the monitoring of methane leakage from a future shale gas industry in Europe we developed potential production scenarios for ten major shale gas plays and identified a suitable tracer in (shale) gas to distinguish oil and gas related emissions from other methane sources. To distinguish gas leakage from other methane sources we propose ethane, a known tracer for leakage from oil and gas production but absent in emissions from other important methane sources in Europe. Ethane contents for the ten plays are estimated from a European gas composition database and shale gas composition and reservoir data from the US, resulting in three different classes of ethane to methane ratios in the raw gas (0.015, 0.04 and 0.1). The ethane content classes have a relation with the average thermal maturity, a basic shale gas reservoir characteristic, which is known for all ten European shale gas plays. By assuming different production scenarios in addition to a range of possible gas leakage rates, we estimate potential ethane tracer release by shale gas play. Ethane emissions are estimated by play following a low, medium or high gas production scenario in combination with leakage rates ranging from 0.2 %–10 % based on observed leakage rates in the US.

scholarly journals Gross Split Contract Framework Regulation on the Caring for People

BESTUUR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Kirana Intaniasari
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sharing Patterns

<p>This study aims to determine the model of oil and gas governance in Indonesia in terms of the interests of the State to protect natural resources that should be controlled for maximum use for the prosperity of the people. This study is based on the results of normative legal studies that are descriptive. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from literature study data collection techniques, which are then analyzed by carrying out systematic interpretation of the law. Systematic means, making a classification of written legal materials, to facilitate the work of analysis and construction. The results of this study show that oil and gas management arrangements began in the Dutch colonial period and continue to change with the times up to now, specifically the regulation of upstream oil and gas. Upstream oil and gas management has changed several times, namely the Concession system, the Contract of Work system, Production Sharing Contract (PSC) and finally the Gross Split Production Sharing Contract. The emergence of Gross Split aims to improve the PSC system and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of oil and gas production sharing patterns. Even though Gross Split still has weaknesses, but when compared to the previous system, Gross Split is more in line with the country's goal of being as broad as possible for the people.</p><p> </p><p><strong>  </strong><strong>Keywords:</strong> Mining; Gross Split; Welfare State.</p>

scholarly journals Oil, gas industry of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Sh aalan Mohamed Abdo Hamud ◽  
◽  
Raisa A. Ak hmedyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The World ◽  
Saudi Aramco ◽  
Oil Company

The review of the oil and gas industry in Saudi Arabia is Conducted. Data on oil and gas reserves, consumption, and exports are provided. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest non-FTI producers in the Russian Federation among the non-FTI exporters (OPEC). BL agodarya mirovym za pasam not FTI, one of the most important ones in the world, but the one with the most inquisitive in the field of energy from rasli, Saudi Arabia, is the largest exporter of oil. The data on oil reserves of the largest fields, including the largest in the world of the terikovoye non-oil field of Gavar are presented. Saudi Arabia occupies the fifth place in the world in the field of natural gas passes, with a volume of 294 trillion cubic feet, and the third place in the field of natural gas passes in the Far East. Saudi Arabia they EET de nine EXT morning not preparatively for waste water treatment, of which four PR andlegal Saudi Aramco and the OS the rest of the floor joint PR Adbrite with to foreign companies. The largest oil and gas companies represented in SaudiI Arawia are named, in particular: Saudi Aramco, Saudi Shell, Saudi Exxon Mobil, Saudi Chevron, Total, Eni, Sinopec, Sumitomo. It is shown that Saudi Ar amco is a non-state oil company of Saudi Arabia, the largest in the world in terms of oil production and oil reserves. The company also controls natural gas production in the country. Saudi Aramco is a national non-oil company Of the Saudi Aravia, which is responsible for non-oil and gas operations throughout the Kingdom. Recently, the main goal is to use unconventional gas sources, namely shale gas production. Currently, the company Saudi Aramco has more than 16 drilling rigs for the extraction of shale gas. By the end of 2020, the company is expected to extract 3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day.

Proppants Development and the Shale Oil and Gas Market Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Vitor Polezi Pesce de Campos ◽  
Gisele Aparecida Amaral Labat ◽  
Douglas Gouvea ◽  
Guilherme Frederico Bernardo Lenz e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Gas Market

Unconventional shale gas reservoirs have driven the growth of the oil and gas market to a new reality: till 2035 a 26% increase in US fuel production is predicted. Thus, the hydraulic fracturing technique has been increasingly used as a resource for shale gas extraction and the consequent use of proppants. Several studies have now evaluated the use of nanostructures to produce special proppants, such as nanosensors, coatings, membranes and special fluids. This work presents the perspective of the market for oil, gas, shale, hydraulic fracturing and proppants in addition to a current development of proppants. Proppants were characterized through API RP 19C, DTA and DRX analysis. The morphology of carbon nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, carbon black and few layers’ graphite from reduced graphene oxide synthesis) produced and introduced on AM (alkali-activated metakaolin) matrix composites were evaluated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).

scholarly journals The Impact Of Oil And Gas Production On The Nigerian Economy: A Rural Sector Econometric Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Nga Uwakonye ◽  
Gbolahan Solomon Osho ◽  
Hyacinth Anucha
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Poverty Rate

The oil economy of Nigeria is very important to the country, but the people of Nigeria still suffer from a corrupt government. Despite the revenues being brought in from oil exports, the Nigerian government still holds a large unemployment rate and a high poverty rate. This paper shows the amount of oil being produced per day, as well as, the process by which the oil is brought to the market. This paper also shows the labor to GDP ratio, the major exports, and the major imports of Nigeria. Finally, an understanding of the ethnic struggle within Nigeria is looked at, as well as, the illegal oil racketeering that is costing the Nigerian governments billions of dollars. Until the people of Nigeria can take control of its government and rid themselves of the crushing militias that controls the politics in Nigeria, the people are doomed to suffer.

Ensuring Australia's competitiveness in the global oil and gas market

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Peter Goode
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
North West ◽  
The People ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Gas Market

There is an estimated $200 billion worth of capital expenditure presently planned for Australian gas projects. These projects provide the potential for $20 billion worth of engineering and maintenance opportunities for Australian companies and an estimated 16,000 ongoing positions in the sector. The scale of these projects has drawn international attention and is increasingly drawing global competition. Australian companies are at risk of the misperception that they don’t have the international know-how or the people to compete for these large-scale projects. We need to ensure that our Australian ingenuity and scale continue to position us as the service provider of choice for construction, project management and maintenance opportunities. Working together with industry, we have shown that we have what it takes to compete on a global scale. We also need to work with government and unions to ensure we have scalable highly-skilled people available to support these projects. This presentation will consider the following case study: Transfield Services delivers services to companies including Woodside Energy, which operates the A$27 billion North West Shelf project, one of the world’s largest LNG production facilities with an output of 16.4 million tonnes of LNG a year. While expansion continues, ongoing brownfield project and maintenance services demand the ongoing support of a highly-skilled workforce of up to 1,000 people. This case study explores: innovative service solutions in a resource-scarce environment through access to global resources innovative scheduling of work; and, the challenges of sourcing and retaining highly-skilled people by improving the opportunities for global and domestic employee mobility and investing in training and developing local people.

Advanced Computational Modeling of Proppant Settling in Water Fractures for Shale Gas Production

SPE Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuochen Tsai ◽  
Ernesto Fonseca ◽  
Sujatha Degaleesan ◽  
Ed Lake
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Proppant Transport ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Simulation Strategy ◽  
Model Geometry

Summary This paper shows advances in the numerical simulation of proppant transport in hydraulically stimulated fractures for oil and gas production. Water or commonly known “slickwater” hydraulic-fracture treatments have become increasingly popular in shale gas. This is widely applied in the Haynesville shale in northern Louisiana, but because of the large depths and high pressure, conventional wisdom suggests that intermediate-strength proppants (generally 4,000- to 6,000-psi crush strength) should be used. This strength envelope is in the transition range between ceramics and sand. Sand is lower in cost and has the advantage of having better transport properties in water fractures. In the paper, a 3D computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model with Lagrangian solid-particle transport is used to visualize the propagation of sand and other lighter proppants in a simulated fracture. The proppant-settling behavior influenced by proppant density, size, and flow rates is demonstrated. The final proppant-settling patterns can vary dramatically and may result in significant changes in the fracture's conductivity. Model assumptions, simplifications, and numerical details are discussed along with issues regarding validation and simulation strategy. The model geometry is highly idealized (i.e., neglecting fracture tortuosity and expansion during water fracturing, surface roughness, and fluid leakoff). The importance of this work lies in the fact that the model can resolve the interactions between fracturing fluid (water) and proppants within complex 3D geometries, thus providing a better understanding of the fracturing process to allow for possible enhancements to production procedures.

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