scholarly journals Assessment the Modulation effect of using Green synthesis ZnO NPs against Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from respiratory tract infection

2019 ◽  
pp. 1221-1231
Author(s):  
Amjed A. Majeed ◽  
Mouruj A. Al-Aubydi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Tract Infections

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of common hospital-acquired bacteria causing nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and intra-abdominal infections. The aim of this study is investigating the Modulation effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against multidrug resistant K. pneumonia which was isolated from Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs). The results of isolation and characterization of bacterial specimens showed that 20.81% of RTIs were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The strongest isolate showed resistant for most usable antibiotics selected. Simultaneously, ZnO NPs were produced by an aqueous extract of Green Tea leaves as a reducing and stabilizer agent. The Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was indicated a successful production of ZnO NPs at 383 nm. X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) pattern showed peaks at 2θ positions matching to standards and indicating a formation of hexagonal (wurtzite) shape of ZnO NPs, with an average size of 22nm. Fourier Transform- Infrared (FT-IR) spectra of ZnO NPs revealed the participating of Green Tea biomolecules in the synthesis process. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs against K. pneumoniae was 3.2 mg/mL. The results of using nanoparticles showed a morphological changing in K. pneumoniae colonies, and a modulation effect occurred against some antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae such as Gentamycin and Levofloxacin.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Novel Phages Targeting Pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yigang Zeng ◽  
Rong Bao ◽  
Tongyu Zhu ◽  
Demeng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Lactamase Gene

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a dominant cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infections, specifically among immunocompromised individuals. The increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates has significantly impacted the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. As antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, the use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections has recently gained attention. Elucidating the details of phage-bacteria interactions will provide insights into phage biology and the better development of phage therapy. In this study, a total of 22 K. pneumoniae isolates were assessed for their genetic and phenotypic relatedness by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), endonuclease S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE), and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing. In addition, the beta-lactamase gene (blaKPC) was characterized to determine the spread and outbreak of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing enterobacterial pathogens. Using these ST11 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates, three phages (NL_ZS_1, NL_ZS_2, and NL_ZS_3) from the family of Podoviridae were isolated and characterized to evaluate the application of lytic phages against the MDR K. pneumoniae isolates. In vitro inhibition assays with three phages and K. pneumoniae strain ZS15 demonstrated the strong lytic potential of the phages, however, followed by the rapid growth of phage-resistant and phage-sensitive mutants, suggesting several anti-phage mechanisms had developed in the host populations. Together, this data adds more comprehensive knowledge to known phage biology and further emphasizes their complexity and future challenges to overcome prior to using phages for controlling this important MDR bacterium.

scholarly journals Polymyxins Nebulization over Intravenous Injection: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics-Based Therapeutic Evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Md. Jahidul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

Polymyxins are the last line potential antibiotics against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria and consist of two sister antibiotics: Polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E). Intravenous use of polymyxins was started from a long ago in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections and once their uses were restricted due to potential adverse drug reactions, such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Lack of in vivo clinical studies on polymyxins mostly, in human body makes the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B and colistin unclear in many aspects, such as the distribution of polymyxins in different compartments of lung. The nebulization of polymyxins is practicing very limitedly and lack of clinical evidence has not justified this administration technique yet properly to date. The main objective of this review study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of intravenous and nebulized polymyxins and the related therapeutic potentialities. Aerosolized polymyxins directly administered to the respiratory tract was found with higher drug concentration in different subcompartments of lungs than the intravenous administration and sustainably meets the minimum inhibitory concentration locally with superior bactericidal properties in respiratory tract infections. In contrast, intravenous administration of polymyxins shows similar anti-infective superiority in other organs, such as blood, urinary tract etc. So, during this alarming situation of rapidly emerging multidrug-resistant organisms in human communities, therapeutic administration techniques of last resort polymyxins should be clinically evidence-based for achieving optimum therapeutic outcomes with minimum chance of adverse drug reactions.  

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Two Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages Encoding Divergent Depolymerases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Domingo-Calap ◽  
Beatriz Beamud ◽  
Lucas Mora-Quilis ◽  
Fernando González-Candelas ◽  
Rafael Sanjuán
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Tail Spike ◽  
Reference Strains

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major global health concern. The search for new therapies has brought bacteriophages into the spotlight, and new phages are being described as possible therapeutic agents. Among the bacteria that are most extensively resistant to current antibiotics is Klebsiella pneumoniae, whose hypervariable extracellular capsule makes treatment particularly difficult. Here, we describe two new K. pneumoniae phages, πVLC5 and πVLC6, isolated from environmental samples. These phages belong to the genus Drulisvirus within the family Podoviridae. Both phages encode a similar tail spike protein with putative depolymerase activity, which is shared among other related phages and probably determines their ability to specifically infect K. pneumoniae capsular types K22 and K37. In addition, we found that phage πVLC6 also infects capsular type K13 and is capable of striping the capsules of K. pneumoniae KL2 and KL3, although the phage was not infectious in these two strains. Genome sequence analysis suggested that the extended tropism of phage πVLC6 is conferred by a second, divergent depolymerase. Phage πVLC5 encodes yet another putative depolymerase, but we found no activity of this phage against capsular types other than K22 and K37, after testing a panel of 77 reference strains. Overall, our results confirm that most phages productively infected one or few Klebsiella capsular types. This constitutes an important challenge for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Burden of multidrug resistant respiratory pathogens in intensive care units of tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharm Raj Bhatta ◽  
Deependra Hamal ◽  
Rajani Shrestha ◽  
Supram HS ◽  
Pushpanjali Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are one of the most common infections among the patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Admission in ICUs and use of life supporting devices increase the risk of infection with multidrug resistant pathogens. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiograms ofthe bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infectionsamong patients of ICUs. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 specimens from patients admitted in ICUswith lower respiratory tract infections were included in this study. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques. Carbapenamase detection was performed by modified Hodge test method.Detection of metallo beta lactamase (MBL) was tested by imipenem and imipenem/EDTA disc. Detection of Klebsiellapneumoniaecarbapenamase (KPC) was performed by imipenem and imipenem/phenyl boronic acid. Results: Out of 184 samples, 131 showed significant growth of bacterial pathogens. Acinetobacter species (42.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa(13.9%)were the three most common isolates. Out of 22 imipenem resistant isolates of Acientobacter species, 9 were KPC producer, 4 were MBL producers and 3 isolates were positive for MBL and KPC both. Among the Acinetobacter species, 5.1% isolates were resistant to tigecycline and colistin. One isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positive for MBL. Conclusions:High prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in ICUs was recorded. Gram negative bacilli were predominantly associated with LRTI among ICU patients;Acinetobacterspecies being most common isolate. Detection of carbapenamase among the Acinetobacterand emergence of tigecycline resistancelimits the therapeutic options.Regular monitoring of such resistant isolates would be important for managing infection control in critical units.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Hospitalized Patients in Asia-Pacific and South Africa: Results from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1998-1999

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Bell ◽  
John D. Turnidge
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Surveillance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT As part of the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, we examined the prevalence rates, types, and antibiograms of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospitalized patients from 17 institutions in eight countries in Asia-Pacific and South Africa (APAC). From April 1998 to December 1999, a total of 1,711 isolates of S. aureus (814 from blood, 392 from the respiratory tract, 467 from skin and skin structures, and 38 from urine) were collected from hospitalized patients within the APAC region. Multidrug-resistant oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (MORSA) isolates, defined as strains with three or more resistances to drug classes other than β-lactams, were the most common type of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA). They were the most frequently identified pathogen in wound infections and were common in bloodstream and lower respiratory tract infections. In all contributing institutions combined, more than 45% (range, 4 to 74%) of S. aureus isolates were oxacillin resistant, and in six institutions, this rate exceeded 60%. MORSA accounted for 91.2% of all oxacillin-resistant isolates. Distinct resistance patterns predominated at various sites within the APAC region, suggesting the local evolution of resistant clones. Non-multidrug-resistant strains were frequent in one part of Australia. No vancomycin-intermediate strains were detected, and no strains were resistant to linezolid or quinupristin-dalfopristin. MORSA strains are a very common cause of infection in hospitalized patients in the APAC region.

Discovery of Azetidinyl Ketolides for the Treatment of Susceptible and Multidrug Resistant Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 7446-7457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Magee ◽  
Sharon L. Ripp ◽  
Bryan Li ◽  
Richard A. Buzon ◽  
Lou Chupak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS AND DETERMINE ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Mahmoud ◽  
Zainab Muhammed Nsaif
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Zno Nps

The current study involved collecting 225 samples of different age groups and from different clinical sources (burns and wounds). Selective and differential media, Microscopic Examination, Biochemical test, IMVIC tests, and Vitek 2 system were used to identify the bacterial species. The results showed that the bacterial isolates were distributed on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. All isolates were multidrug-resistant to 12 antibiotics from different classes and according to the susceptibility test, isolate distinction in 2 groups (75 %) of MDR isolates were resistant to (5-9) antibiotics, while (25 %) were susceptible. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles synthesized was done by a green method with Zinc acetate dehydrate as a precursor and aqueous extract of Camellia sinensisas a reducing agent, color-changing to pale-white was an indication of the formation of ZnONPs. The average size and shape of the nanoparticles were detected by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which was 40 nm with a spherical shape. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the ZnO NPs have spherical, radial, and cylindrical structures. The wavelength range was measured by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) for monitoring the formation of the nanoparticles, which showed a sharp peak at 325 nm. The average crystallite size of ZnONPs was estimated using Debye Scherrer’s formula were 20-40nm by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra have been used for ZnONPs to detect the functional groups found in the synthesis process via green tea extract. Keyword: ZnO NPs. Biosynthesis, Camellia sinensis, Green tea, Antibacterial activity

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