Optimization of Lovastatin Production from A Local Isolate of Aspergil-lus Terreus A50 in Solid State Fermentation by Classical and Statistical Methods

Lovastatin is one of the most important compounds that is produced from some filamentous fungi, being employed in the reduction of hypocholesterolemia. The results of screening, after the collection of seventy-three local fungal isolates from different areas, demonstrated that the local isolate Aspergillus terreus A50 was the best isolate for lovastatin production, with a concentration of 12.66 µg/ml, through the submerged fermentation. Lovastatin produced from A. terreus A50 showed antimicrobial activities against a Candida albicans isolate. Solid state fermentation (SSF) was the best system to produce the highest yield of lovastatin by A. terreus A50 as compared to the submerged fermentation (SmF) system, with and without agitation. The optimum conditions for lovastatin production by SSF were also determined. The parameters included carbon sources (wastes), carbon sources mixture, incubation temperature, and moisturizing solution, which are commonly used in classical procedures. The results showed that a higher lovastatin production of 102.321 µg/gm substrate was obtained in the culture containing wheat bran and oat bran (1:1 w:w), sodium acetate, moisture ratio of 1.2 v:w, pH 7, incubation temperature of 30 °C and incubation period of 6 days. Some of these parameters, including pH, incubation period, and moisture ratio were determined by utilizing the Response Surface Method (RSM) as a statistical approach.

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Lovastatin Production from Cunninghamella blakesleeana under Solid State Fermentation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-455135/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janani Balraj ◽

Thandeeswaran Murugesan ◽

Vidhya Kalieswaran ◽

Karunyadevi Jairaman ◽

Devippriya Esakkimuthu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Cunninghamella Blakesleeana

Abstract Our earlier paper had established the fact that new soil fungi known as Cunninghamella blakesleeana is potent enough to produce lovastatin significantly. At present, there are no reports on the media optimization for the lovastatin production. Hence, the objective is to optimize the fermentation conditions for lovastatin production by Cunninghamella blakesleeana under Solid State fermentation (SSF) condition through screening the critical factors by one factor at a time and then, optimize the factors selected from screening using statistical approaches. SSF was carried using the pure culture of Cunninghamella blakesleeana KP780148.1 with wheat bran as substrate. Initial screening was performed for physical parameters, carbon sources and nitrogen sources and then optimized the selected parameters through PBD and BBD. Screening result indicated the optimum values of the analysed parameter for the maximal production of lovastatin by Cunninghamella blakesleeana were selected. Out of the nine factors MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4, pH and Incubation period were found to influence the lovastatin production significantly after PBD. The optimal levels of these variables and the effect of their mutual interactions on lovastatin production were determined using BBD surface design. The optimum medium composition was found to be MgSO4(0.2 g/L), (NH4)2 SO4 (12.5 g/L), pH (6) and Incubation period (7 days). Experimental studies showed a yield of 7.39 mg/g at the above optimized conditions which were observed to be very nearby to the predicted value and hence the model was successfully validated. Hence, this is the first report on the optimization of critical parameters for lovastatin production by Cunninghamella blakesleeana.

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A Review on Production of Polygalacturonase Using Various Organisms and Its Applications

Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology ◽

10.9734/ajb2t/2019/v5i330063 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

A. Radha ◽

R. Sneha ◽

R. Kiruthiga ◽

P. Priyadharshini ◽

N. Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Full Range ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽

Biotechnological Application ◽

Pectinolytic Enzyme

Polygalacturonase is a pectinolytic enzyme that catalyses the hydrolytic cleavage of the polygalacturonic linkage chain. An enzyme is a polygalacturonase is expressed in fruits. The polygalacturonase produced from various organisms isolated from various fruits. The solid-state fermentation was used in the production of polygalacturonase. The production of PG was found at various incubation period and pH and temperature are using fruits as best nitrogen and carbon sources. Although they have other parts of the genome they are active in the fruit. Peak expression requires a full range of promoter and saturation lines. Based on the physicochemical properties of the purified enzymes, this enzyme possesses great potential for industrial and biotechnological application such as oil extraction, fruit clarifications.

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Production of Cellulase by Aspergillus niger FC-1 and its Application in Hydrolysis of Corncob Residues

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.891 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1120-1121 ◽

pp. 891-896

Author(s):

Hui Qin Shi ◽

Zhe Wei Zhao ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Di Wu ◽

Yi Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Moisture Ratio ◽

Ph Stability ◽

Optimal Values ◽

Hydrolysis Of

In this study,the cellulase-producing ability of Aspergillusniger FC-1 through solid-state fermentation (SSF) and characteristics of the cellulase were investigated. The maximum activities of total cellulase (FPase) and endoglucanase (CMCase) were 8.2 and 31.5 IU per gram of dried substrate respectively after 96-h incubation period. The activities of both FPase and CMCase produced by Aspergillus niger FC-1 exhibited the optimal values at pH 5.5 and 50°C(as shown in Fig.2). Thermostability and pH stability of the enzymes were respectively appreciable at temperature ranging from 45°C to 55°C, pH ranging from 5.0 to 5.5. In addition, with an optimal 1:10 (w/v) substrate to moisture ratio (a cellulase loading of 8.5 FPU per cellulose), the glucose concentration was as high as 36.6 g glucose l-1 for a 48 h hydrolysis of corncob residues.

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Ligninolytic enzyme production by Lenzites betulinus on selected plant raw materials

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1120333k ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 333-338

Author(s):

Aleksandar Knezevic ◽

Ivan Milovanovic ◽

Mirjana Stajic ◽

Jelena Vukojevic

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Submerged Fermentation ◽

Laccase Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽

Plant Residues

To get a better insight into the ligninolytic system of Lenzites betulinus, the effect of wheat straw and oak sawdust, as carbon sources, on production of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccase, under solid-state and submerged fermentation, was studied. Obtained results revealed considerable differences related to the both factors affecting enzyme activities. Wheat straw was more favorable carbon source for Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and oak sawdust for laccase activity. Solid-state fermentation of wheat straw was optimal for Mn-dependent peroxidase activity (72.1 Ul-1). In contrary to this, submerged fermentation of the same residue gave the highest level of versatile peroxidase activity (25.4 Ul-1). The peak of laccase activity was noted during solid-state fermentation of oak sawdust (32.3 Ul-1), while this enzyme was not detected under submerged fermentation of any plant residues.

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Produksi β-Glukosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan Fermentasi Padat Menggunakan Substrat Dedak

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v1i01.221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Sri Sugiwati ◽

Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono ◽

Muhammad Hanafi ◽

Hanifah Nuryani Lioe

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Water Content ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Mineral Salts ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

Fermentation Substrate

Production of β-Glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 on Solid State Fermentation Using Rice Bran as SubstrateAbstractβ-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is a part of the cellulase enzyme complex which acts synergistically with exoglucanase and endoglucanase to hydrolyze cellulose into glucose. The purpose of this study was to obtain the maximum fermentation conditions for production of b-glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 with solid state fermentation using rice bran as fermentation substrate. The factors that affect the production of b-glucosidase which consist of initial pH of the fermentation medium, incubation period, ratio of water content to fermentation substrate, incubation temperature and addition of the Mandel’s mineral salts solution were examined in the study. The results showed that maximum fermentation conditions for β-glucosidase production were at initial of fermentation pH of 2,0, incubation period of 7 days, ratio of water content to substrate of 1:1, and incubation temperature of 32oC. Addition of Mandel’s mineral salts solution to the fermentation substrate at maximum fermentation conditions increased the activity and specific activity of β-glucosidase crude extract up to 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL and 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg, respectively.Abstrakβ-Glukosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) merupakan bagian dari enzim multi kompleks selulase, yang bekerja secara sinergis dengan eksoglukanase dan endoglukanase menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi β-glukosidaseAspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan fermentasi media padat menggunakan substrat dedak. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi b-glukosidase, yaitu pH awal medium fermentasi, waktu inkubasi, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi, suhu inkubasi dan penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi b-glukosidase adalah pada pH awal medium fermentasi 2,0; waktu inkubasi 7 hari, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi 1:1, dan suhu inkubasi 32oC. Penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels ke dalam substrat fermentasi pada kondisi fermentasi maksimum menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas dan aktivitas spesifk ekstrak kasar b-glukosidase masing-masing sebesar 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL dan 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg protein. Kata kunci: β-glukosidase, Aspergillus niger, dedak padi, fermentasi padat, ekstrak kasar

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Optimization of Conditions for Xylanase Production Using Aspergillus tubingensis Under Different Carbon Sources

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.53704/fujnas.v10i1.334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isiaka Kolade ◽

Kamoldeen Ajijolakewu

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Aspergillus Tubingensis ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Corn Cobs

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes with wide range of applications in food processing, bleaching of pulp in paper manufacturing industry, bio-conversion of biomass wastes to fermentable sugars and enhancing nutrient digestibility in animal feeds. The optimization of growth conditions and evaluation of an appropriate substrate as carbon source among cassava peels, corn cobs, wheat bran and rice husk on xylanase production by novel strain of Aspergillus tubingensis under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) was investigated. The fungal isolate was identified based on ribosomal RNA gene and ITS gene sequencing analysis as Aspergillus tubingensis. Results showed that Corn cobs had the highest xylanase production among the four substrates. Corn cobs recorded the highest value of xylanase production at pH of 6.0 (107.97 U/g), after incubation period of 72 hour (111.23 U/g), at temperature of 30oC (44.26 U/g) and at ratio 1:3 (45.68 U/g). The optimum growth conditions for xylanase production by Aspergillus tubingensis were: pH 6.0, incubation period of 72 hours, temperature of 30oC and substrate concentration of 1:3 (4g of substrate per 12ml of fermentation medium). Corn cobs showed the highest yield of xylanase activity (111.23±0.31 U/g), followed by Rice husk (101.91±0.72 U/g), Wheat bran (89.30±1.16 U/g) and Cassava peel (87.03±0.57 U/g). In conclusion, among the various agro residues that were used as carbon sources, Corn cobs had maximum xylanase activity. Various culture conditions were optimized by using one factor at a time method and the maximum xylanase production was obtained at pH of 6.0, incubation period of 72 hour, temperature of 30oC and substrate concentration of 1:3 under solid state fermentation. It is therefore suggested that some other notable environmental and fermentation factors that influence metabolism-mediated production yields of xylanase like aeration, agitation, carbon and nitrogen sources, metal ion requirement, inoculum size etc. should be optimized for maximum production of enzyme. Keywords: Solid State Fermentation, Cassava peels, Corn cobs, Wheat bran, Rice husk

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Isolation, screening of Aspergillus flavus and its production parameters for á- amylase under solid state fermentation

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v3i2.194 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 268-273

Author(s):

K. N. Geetha ◽

K. Jeyaprakash ◽

Y. P. Nagaraja

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Fungal Species

The amylase producing fungi were isolated from spoiled fruits, vegetables and soil, in and around Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The isolates were identified and five fungal species were screened. The best amylase producer among them, Aspergillus sp was selected for enzyme production by both sub merged fermentation using mineral salt medium (MSM) and solid state fermentations using wheat bran as a solid substrate. The various parameters influencing solid state fermentation were optimized. The most important factors are such as pH, incubation temperature, incubation period, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and moisture content. The maximum amount of enzyme production was obtained when solid state fermentation was carried out with soluble starch as carbon source and beef extract (1% each) as nitrogen source, optimum conditions of pH 7.0, an incubation temperature of 25 (±2) °C, incubation time 96 h and 62% moisture content.

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Biodegradation of toxic chemicals by Pleurotus eryngii in submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jmii.2014.04.012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bea-Ven Chang ◽

Yi-Ming Chang

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Submerged Fermentation ◽

Pleurotus Eryngii ◽

Toxic Chemicals

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Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/196264 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽

Juan Boo Liang ◽

Yin Wan Ho ◽

Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽

Yong Meng Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Maximum Production ◽

Additional Nitrogen

Ability of two strains ofAspergillus terreus(ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained usingA. terreusATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 andA. terreusATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P<0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P>0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

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