The Correlation Of Residual Subjective Cognitive And Depressive Symptoms with Social Functioning in Remitted Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder is one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric disorders worldwide. Antidepressants are frequently used to treat major depressive disorder. It has been shown repeatedly that antidepressants seem to reduce depressive symptoms with a statistically significant effect, but the clinical importance of the effect sizes seems questionable. Both beneficial and harmful effects of antidepressants have not previously been sufficiently assessed. The main objective of this review will be to evaluate the beneficial and harmful effects of antidepressants versus placebo, ‘active placebo’, or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder. Methods/design A systematic review with meta-analysis will be reported as recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool-version 2 (ROB2), our eight-step procedure will be used to assess if the thresholds for clinical significance are crossed, Trial Sequential Analysis will be conducted to control for random errors, and the certainty of the evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. To identify relevant trials, we will search both for published and unpublished trials in major medical databases from their inception to the present. Clinical study reports will be obtained from regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies. Two review authors will independently screen the results of the literature searches, extract data, and perform risk of bias assessment. We will include any published or unpublished randomised clinical trial comparing one or more antidepressants with placebo, ‘active placebo’, or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder. The following active agents will be included: agomelatine, amineptine, amitriptyline, bupropion, butriptyline, cianopramine, citalopram, clomipramine, dapoxetine, demexiptiline, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, dibenzepin, dosulepin, dothiepin, doxepin, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, iprindole, levomilnacipran, lofepramine, maprotiline, melitracen, metapramine, milnacipran, mirtazapine, nefazodone, nortriptyline, noxiptiline, opipramol, paroxetine, protriptyline, quinupramine, reboxetine, sertraline, trazodone, tianeptine, trimipramine, venlafaxine, vilazodone, and vortioxetine. Primary outcomes will be depressive symptoms, serious adverse events, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes will be suicide or suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, and non-serious adverse events. Discussion As antidepressants are commonly used to treat major depressive disorder in adults, a systematic review evaluating their beneficial and harmful effects is urgently needed. This review will inform best practice in treatment and clinical research of this highly prevalent and burdensome disorder. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020220279

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Factors associated with the onset of major depressive disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries: results from the INTERPRET-DD prospective study

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796020000438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

C. E. Lloyd ◽

N. Sartorius ◽

H. U. Ahmed ◽

A. Alvarez ◽

S. Bahendeka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Major Depressive

Abstract Aims To examine the factors that are associated with changes in depression in people with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries. Methods People with type 2 diabetes treated in out-patient settings aged 18–65 years underwent a psychiatric assessment to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline and follow-up. At both time points, participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the WHO five-item Well-being scale (WHO-5) and the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale which measures diabetes-related distress. A composite stress score (CSS) (the occurrence of stressful life events and their reported degree of ‘upset’) between baseline and follow-up was calculated. Demographic data and medical record information were collected. Separate regression analyses were conducted with MDD and PHQ-9 scores as the dependent variables. Results In total, there were 7.4% (120) incident cases of MDD with 81.5% (1317) continuing to remain free of a diagnosis of MDD. Univariate analyses demonstrated that those with MDD were more likely to be female, less likely to be physically active, more likely to have diabetes complications at baseline and have higher CSS. Mean scores for the WHO-5, PAID and PHQ-9 were poorer in those with incident MDD compared with those who had never had a diagnosis of MDD. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher PHQ-9, lower WHO-5 scores and greater CSS were significant predictors of incident MDD. Significant predictors of PHQ-9 were baseline PHQ-9 score, WHO-5, PAID and CSS. Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of psychosocial factors in addition to physiological variables in the development of depressive symptoms and incident MDD in people with type 2 diabetes. Stressful life events, depressive symptoms and diabetes-related distress all play a significant role which has implications for practice. A more holistic approach to care, which recognises the interplay of these psychosocial factors, may help to mitigate their impact on diabetes self-management as well as MDD, thus early screening and treatment for symptoms is recommended.

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Somatic symptoms, drinking, and mental distress among Russian female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.656 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S510-S510

Author(s):

K. Yoshimasu ◽

S. Takemura ◽

E. Myasoedova ◽

S. Myasoedova

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Drinking Habits ◽

Drinking Status

IntroductionDrinking has been shown to be a protective factor against the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On the other hand, high prevalence of depressive symptoms has been observed among RA patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and somatic factors as well as drinking habits in RA patients.MethodsDrinking habits and physical symptoms in 182 female RA outpatients in Ivanovo, Russia (average [standard deviation] of age, 62.0 [11.7] years), were investigated. Drinking status was classified as current drinkers (alcohol consumption within the previous 12 months) and others. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with MINI, HADS and CES-D questionnaires. Outcomes were (a) presence or history of major depressive disorder, presence of melancholic major depressive disorder, presence of dysthymia, or 1 point or greater of suicidal risk score in MINI, (b) 8 points or greater in HADS-depression, (c) 8 points or greater in HADS-anxiety, and (d) 16 points or greater in CES-D. Stepwise logistic regression was used to evaluate somatic factors associated with depressive symptoms, with age and drinking status included.ResultsDrinking was rather protective against depression, but did not reach statistical significance. Symptomatic parts in the extremities associated with the outcomes were shoulders for MINI, elbows and knees for HADS-depression, shoulders for HADS-anxiety, and hands, elbows and shoulders for CES-D. In the stepwise selection, some symptoms in the extremities were positively associated with the outcomes.ConclusionSymptoms chiefly in large joints contributed to depressive symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Emotional availability in women with bipolar disorder and major depression: A longitudinal pregnancy cohort study

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867421998796 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000486742199879

Author(s):

Pavitra Aran ◽

Andrew J Lewis ◽

Stuart J Watson ◽

Thinh Nguyen ◽

Megan Galbally

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Major Depression ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Emotional Availability ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Interaction Quality ◽

Pregnancy Cohort ◽

The Impact

Objective: Poorer mother–infant interaction quality has been identified among women with major depression; however, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of bipolar disorder. This study sought to compare mother–infant emotional availability at 6 months postpartum among women with perinatal major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and no disorder (control). Methods: Data were obtained for 127 mother–infant dyads from an Australian pregnancy cohort. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 was used to diagnose major depressive disorder ( n = 60) and bipolar disorder ( n = 12) in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks) and review diagnosis at 6 months postpartum. Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, along with self-report psychotropic medication use. Mother and infant’s interaction quality was measured using the Emotional Availability Scales when infants reached 6 months of age. Multivariate analyses of covariance examining the effects of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder on maternal emotional availability (sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and child emotional availability (responsiveness, involvement) were conducted. Results: After controlling for maternal age and postpartum depressive symptoms, perinatal disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder) accounted for 17% of the variance in maternal and child emotional availability combined. Compared to women with major depressive disorder and their infants, women with bipolar disorder and their infants displayed lower ratings across all maternal and child emotional availability qualities, with the greatest mean difference seen in non-intrusiveness scores. Conclusions: Findings suggest that perinatal bipolar disorder may be associated with additional risk, beyond major depressive disorder alone, to a mother and her offspring’s emotional availability at 6 months postpartum, particularly in maternal intrusiveness.

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An observational study of duloxetine versus SSRI monotherapy in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder: subgroup analyses of treatment effectiveness for pain, depressive symptoms, and quality of life

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment ◽

10.2147/ndt.s136448 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 2115-2124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Atsushi Kuga ◽

Toshinaga Tsuji ◽

Shinji Hayashi ◽

Shinji Fujikoshi ◽

Hirofumi Tokuoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Observational Study ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Treatment Effectiveness ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Subgroup Analyses

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Omega-3 as an adjunctive therapy of sertraline and venlafaxine substantially improves symptoms of major depressive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Current Psychopharmacologye ◽

10.2174/2211556010666210712185437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ahadifard Moghaddam ◽

Malihe Farid ◽

Mahboobeh Mehrabani Natanzi ◽

Zohre Khodaii ◽

Rahim Badrfam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Controlled Study ◽

P Value ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽

Severity Of Depression

Background: Due to the possible effect of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing depressive symptoms, in this study, we investigated these effects in combination with other antidepressants. Methods: The study was a double-blind clinical trial on 100 patients with major depressive disorder who were divided into four groups of 25 each and treated with 50 mg daily sertraline plus placebo, 50 mg daily sertraline plus two grams Omega 3 daily, 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus placebo, and 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus 2 g Omega 3 daily for 6 weeks. Results: The mean Hamilton depression rating score of sertraline and venlafaxine plus omega-3 after treatment were 4.42 and 4.23 respectively versus sertraline and venlafaxine plus placebo 14.4 and 14.2 respectively (P value=0.0001). Conclusion: Omega-3 enhanced the clinical function of sertraline and venlafaxine to reduce the severity of depression. Adding omega-3 to either sertraline or venlafaxine does not have a comparative advantage over each other in terms of the improvement of severity of depressive symptoms. Trial registration : number is IRCT20190302042885N1.

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Increasing psychotherapy dose from 8 to 16 sessions does not improve social functioning in people with major depressive disorder receiving pharmacotherapy

Evidence-Based Mental Health ◽

10.1136/ebmental-2011-100357 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 50-50

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Major Depressive

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Polygenic scores for major depressive disorder and depressive symptoms predict response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder

10.1101/449363 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azmeraw T. Amare ◽

Klaus Oliver Schubert ◽

Liping Hou ◽

Scott R. Clark ◽

Sergi Papiol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Lithium Treatment ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Polygenic Scores

AbstractBackgroundLithium is a first-line medication for bipolar disorder (BD), but only ~30% of patients respond optimally to the drug. Since genetic factors are known to mediate lithium treatment response, we hypothesized whether polygenic susceptibility to the spectrum of depression traits is associated with treatment outcomes in patients with BD. In addition, we explored the potential molecular underpinnings of this relationship.MethodsWeighted polygenic scores (PGSs) were computed for major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms (DS) in BD patients from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen; n=2,586) who received lithium treatment. Lithium treatment outcome was assessed using the ALDA scale. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in MDD (130,664 cases and 330,470 controls) and DS (n=161,460) were used for PGS weighting. Associations between PGSs of depression traits and lithium treatment response were assessed by binary logistic regression. We also performed a cross-trait meta-GWAS, followed by Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis.OutcomesBD patients with a low polygenic load for depressive traits were more likely to respond well to lithium, compared to patients with high polygenic load (MDD: OR =1.64 [95%CI: 1.26-2.15], lowest vs highest PGS quartiles; DS: OR=1.53 [95%CI: 1.18-2.00]). Associations were significant for type 1, but not type 2 BD. Cross-trait GWAS and functional characterization implicated voltage-gated potassium channels, insulin-related pathways, mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAPK) signaling, and miRNA expression.InterpretationGenetic loading to depression traits in BD patients lower their odds of responding optimally to lithium. Our findings support the emerging concept of a lithium-responsive biotype in BD.FundingSee attached details

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Psychotherapy for subclinical depression: meta-analysis

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138784 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 (4) ◽

pp. 268-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Sander L. Koole ◽

Annemiek van Dijke ◽

Miquel Roca ◽

Juan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Major Depression ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Subclinical Depression

BackgroundThere is controversy about whether psychotherapies are effective in the treatment of subclinical depression, defined by clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the absence of a major depressive disorder.AimsTo examine whether psychotherapies are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, reduce the risk of developing major depressive disorder and have comparable effects to psychological treatment of major depression.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing a psychological treatment of subclinical depression with a control group.ResultsThe target groups, therapies and characteristics of the included studies differed considerably from each other, and the quality of many studies was not optimal. Psychotherapies did have a small to moderate effect on depressive symptoms against care as usual at the post-test assessment (g = 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.47; NNT = 5, 95% CI 4–8) and significantly reduced the incidence of major depressive episodes at 6 months (RR = 0.61) and possibly at 12 months (RR = 0.74). The effects were significantly smaller than those of psychotherapy for major depressive disorder and could be accounted for by non-specific effects of treatment.ConclusionsPsychotherapy may be effective in the treatment of subclinical depression and reduce the incidence of major depression, but more high-quality research is needed.

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