Factors influencing the opening scheme deep horizons of quarries with the use of sloping underground transport development

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-367
Author(s):  
V. A. Cherepanov ◽  
I. A. Glebov
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Development Of Instrument ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
The Cost

The questions of improving the technology of completion of deposits are closely associated with an increase in the efficiency of technological processes and introduction of new methods and means of mechanization, optimization of process parameters to minimize the cost and increase the intensity of mining works in conditions of changing parameters of the working area depth of mining. For different conditions of completion of deposits by open-underground method, depending on the volume of traffic and parameters of quarries, it is proposed to use the appropriate underground transport workings. Optimization of the parameters of the sides of the quarry allows to increase the slope angle and increase the cost-effective depth of open-pit development. As one of the possible ways of refining deposits, the use of inclined underground transport workings is proposed by developing a quarry with a tunnel opening zone, or using underground mining operations, but without building capital vertical shafts. The article presents the factors that influence the opening scheme deep horizons of quarries with the use of sloping underground transport development with using articulated trucks and road trains. The factors are the basis for further search of rational parameters of openunderground technology of completion of instrument and sub-barrier reserves. To assess the depth of the transition to the opening scheme using the tunnel opening zone, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: mining, technical, and economic. The results of such calculations are given in the article. The application of the proposed technology will increase the completeness of field development due to the involvement in the development of instrument and sub-barrier reserves, which is an urgent task in connection with the upcoming achievement of the stage of completion of deposits at many mining enterprises, both in the near future and in the long term.

scholarly journals Combined Method of Coal Mining in the Opening of Shallow Layers as a Direction of Innovative Development of Geotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tyuleneva ◽  
Roman Shishkov ◽  
Elena Kucherova ◽  
Marat Moldazhanov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, there has been a decline in the efficiency of coal mining by traditional methods. On the one hand, the volume of coal outside the contour of the cut, which is economically impractical for open-pit mining, is increasing. On the other hand, when using underground geotechnology, the cost of production exceeds the cost of performing mining operations using open geotechnology, this is due to differences in the factors of operation of the open pit and the mine. This circumstance determines the use of open-underground technology for mining coal reserves outside the contour of the open pit as an actual and promising direction. This article describes a methodological approach based on the use of technological schemes for the preparation and treatment of reserves of powerful shallow coal seams, the justification of the parameters of combined geotechnology with a coordinated and balanced development of open and open-underground mining operations with the distribution of reserves for open and open-underground mining of coal reserves beyond the limit contour of the open pit, the preparation of excavation sites directly from its workings and the coordination of production capacity and the speed of their development. Its application will increase the production capacity of the coal mining complex without additional environmental burden and will provide an increased return on investment.

scholarly journals Combined method of opencast and underground mining of valuable ore

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Niyaz Valiev ◽  
Vyacheslav Berkovich ◽  
Vladimir Propp ◽  
Konstantin Kokarev
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Depth ◽  
Ideal Contact ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Enclosing Rocks

The efficiency of the combined opencast and underground mining of deposits directly depends on the overburden amount within the open pit boundaries. The amount of overburden to be removed, in its turn, is determined by the angles of the open pit slopes. At the same time, the influence of the open pit slope angle on the amount of the rock mass within the open-pit contours increases in an arithmetic progression with the mining depth. This fact confirms the direct relationship between the open pit slope angle and the efficiency of the mining operations from both an economic and ecological points of view. The article considers the technology for mining steeply inclined deposits of valuable ores by means of underground chambers mined out in advance with consolidating stowing to support unworked sides of an open pit called “well”. The chambers which can be not only vertical but also inclined at an angle of 60-80° serve to create an artificial fence (a ring concrete support). The work of the fence supporting the open pit side is markedly different from that of retaining walls of any type since the consolidating stowing mixture used to create the fence provides an ideal contact of the concrete wall with the enclosing rocks, thus making it impossible for an artificial fence to overturn. The proposed combined mining technology is expected to reduce considerably the number of the overburden operations, to minimize the damage caused by mining operations to the environment, and to increase the intensity of mine workings.

scholarly journals Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Marina Rylnikova ◽  
Viktor Fedotenko ◽  
Natalia Mitishova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Explosive Properties

In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.

scholarly journals Abandoned Mine Tailings Affecting Riverbed Sediments in the Cartagena–La Union District, Mediterranean Coastal Area (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Martín-Crespo ◽  
David Gómez-Ortiz ◽  
Silvia Martín-Velázquez ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Pagán ◽  
Cristina de Ignacio-San José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Ephemeral Channels ◽  
Metallurgical Wastes ◽  
Riverbed Sediments ◽  
Intermediate Unit ◽  
Mining Works

This study presents the results of the geoenvironmental characterization of La Matildes riverbed, affected by mine tailings in the Cartagena–La Unión district, Murcia (southeast Spain). Soils and riverbeds in this area are highly polluted. Two Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) profiles were carried out to obtain information about the thickness of the deposits and their internal structure. For the mine tailings deposits of La Murla, a tributary of the El Miedo riverbed, the geophysical method imaged two different units: the upper one characterized by low resistivity values and 5–8 m thickness, correlated with the mine tailings deposits; and the lower more resistive unit corresponding to the Paleozoic metasediments bedrock. The ERI profile transverse to the Las Matildes dry riverbed revealed the existence of three different units. The uppermost one has the lowest resistivity values and corresponds to the tailings deposits discharged to the riverbeds. An intermediate unit, with intermediate resistivity values, corresponds to the riverbed sediments before the mining operations. The lower unit is more resistive and corresponds to the bedrock. Significant amounts of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena were found both in tailings and riverbed sediments. The geochemical composition of borehole samples from the riverbed materials shows significantly high contents of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn being released to the environment. Mining works have modified the natural landscape near La Unión town. Surface extraction in three open-pit mines have changed the summits of Sierra de Cartagena–La Unión. Rock and metallurgical wastes have altered the drainage pattern and buried the headwaters of ephemeral channels. The environmental hazards require remediation to minimize the environmental impact on the Mar Menor coastal lagoon, one of the most touristic areas in SE Spain.

Geobiology of In Situ Uranium Leaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Zammit ◽  
Kan Li ◽  
Barbara Etschmann ◽  
Joël Brugger ◽  
Frank Reith
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Uranium Recovery ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Site Rehabilitation ◽  
And Function

Driven by the world’s thirst for energy, the demand for uranium is rapidly increasing. Hence, producers of uranium are struggling to keep up with demands and are exploring more cost-effective methods of extraction. Uranium is currently mined via open pit and underground mining as well as with in situ leaching methods, with in situ leaching currently accounting for approximately 45 % of total uranium production. Studies have shown that the presence of uranium in soils strongly affects the composition and function of resident microbial communities. In view of the close association of biological processes and uranium geochemistry, it is surprising how little information is available on the effect of microbial communities on in situ leaching. Hence, this review focuses on the possibility to exploit the properties of such microorganisms and identify opportunities to use natural microbial processes to improve uranium recovery and mine site rehabilitation.

Irkutsk school of mining engineers is celebrating 90th anniversary

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
B. L. Talgamer
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Research And Design

It is in 1930 that the training of mining engineers began in Eastern Siberia on the basis of the Siberian Mining Institute (now Irkutsk National Research Technical University). In 1931 the Department of Mining Arts was organized, which later was named the Department of Mineral Deposits Development. Over the years, the Department has trained more than 7000 graduates – mining engineers, who made a huge contribution in the development of the mining industry in the Irkutsk region and neighboring territories including Mongolia. The Department has trained more than a hundred mining engineers and Masters of science for Mongolia; assisted the lecturers and professors of the Mongolian Polytechnic University (now Mongolian University of Science and Technology) in organizing the educational process for training specialists for the country's mining industry. At its different formation stages the Department of Mineral Deposits Development was headed by well-known scientists – mining engineers, who created three scientific schools for the development of coal, placer and gold deposits; the obtained scientific results were marked with two State awards of the Russian Federation, dozens of doctoral and candidate dissertations were defended and about 100 patents were received. Today, the Department super- vises the training of mining engineers in open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, carries out a large amount of research and design work on the orders from mining enterprises, trains academic staff, develops new technologies and technical solutions in order to improve mining operations. The Department is deeply involved in the cooperation with mining enterprises, research and design organizations, as well as with universities that train mining engineers.

On the Need to Revise the Rules for the Protection of Structures and Natural Objects from the Harmful Effects of Mining

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
S.B. Kulibaba ◽  
◽  
E.V. Fedorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Mining Coal

Conditions for the coal extraction under the built-up areas and natural objects in the Russian Federation are fully regulated by the Rules for the protection of structures and natural objects from the harmful effect of the underground mining at the coal deposits. Determination of the degree of danger of effecting mining operations on these objects, and the choice of measures for their protection are carried out based on the calculation of the earth surface deformations. The purpose of the work is to develop proposals for the modernization of the current regulatory and methodological document based on the analysis of the compliance of its provisions with the modern conditions of the deposits underground mining. Experience of applying the document under consideration in the modern conditions of the development of coal deposits showed that many of its provisions contain a number of inaccuracies, in particular: ambiguity in determining the boundaries of the zone of dangerous influence of the underground mining; lack of a methodology for predicting the period of damping of the process of earth surface damage after stopping the working face; limited conditions for determining the standard deformation indicators for civil buildings, etc. In addition, in this document, only the underground method of mining coal seams is considered, while the more promising is a combined development, combining underground and open-pit methods. The problem of inconsistency of the current rules provisions with the modern conditions can have a very negative effect on the safe state of the undermined objects. Based on the analysis of the identified shortcomings, a number of proposals for improving the rules was developed. In particular, it was proposed to expand them by including the rules and regulations of the combined method of deposits development. It is also required to update the normative and methodological parts of the document bringing them in line with the modern conditions of deposit development considering the accumulated experience of the objects undermining, and the results of the latest studies of rock mass deformation.

Muruntau gold mining and refining operation: Resources, expansion program and future considerations

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
K. Sanakulov ◽  
N. P. Snitka
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Gold Ore ◽  
Refining Operation ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Stable Performance

The international geological community has acknowledged Muruntau gold deposit as the greatest discovery in the mid-to-late 20th century. Muruntau mine field holds the total appraised resource potential of more than 4.5 thousand tons of gold. Hydrometallurgical plant GMZ-3 implements gold-ore processing by gravitational sedimentation and adsorption. The technological and instrumental modernization of the gold processing circuit toward its higher capacity, gold recovery and thoroughness are the important aspects of production improvement and cost reduction. The developed and introduced ore milling flowchart provides replacement of the second milling stage pumps by higher-capacity pumps backed up with additional cyclones. Aiming to ensure stable gold production at plants GMZ-2 and GMZ-3, Navoi MMC’s experts accomplished the feasibility study of mining operations in Chukurkuduk and Turbai deposits in 2020. The growth prospects for open pit mining in Murunatu–Myutenbai fields after 2060 are estimated using the model of optimized ultimate pit limit design at the gold price of USD 1500/t. The model ultimate pit limit embraces all probable reserves as per the detailed 2D seismic data as of early 2020, including proven reserves intended for open pit and underground mining. The gold ore appraisal and the expansion program elaborated for Muruntau gold mining and refining integrated works in joint Muruntau–Myutenbai field, through implementation of operation phases V and further make it possible to forecast stable performance up to 2030–2050.

scholarly journals Development of a New Environmentally-Friendly Technology for Transportation of Mined Rock in the Opencast Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuzmin ◽  
Olga Kadnikova ◽  
Gulnara Altynbayeva ◽  
Andrey Turbit ◽  
Zauresh Khabdullina
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Open Pit Mine ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

AbstractThis article proposes a new technology of container carriage of rocks without construction of transport communications in an open-pit mine and with technological and energy-saving advantages. These advantages are: simultaneous excavation of rocks, transportation of rocks by the shortest distance, small mass of a container and mobility of a complex of hoists which will reduce energy expenses and the cost of transportation of the mined rock. One of the principal advantages of the developed technology is the decrease in environmental emissions into the atmosphere of the open-pit mine thanks to the reduction of the vehicle fleet. This technology will enable significant improvement of the environmental situation in the area of mining operations.

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