scholarly journals A Tale of Two Synagogues: Culture, Conflict and Consolidation in the Jewish Community of Saint John, 1906-1919

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Culture Conflict ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Saint John ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The history of the Jewish community in Saint John, New Brunswick has the characteristics of both large and small-town Jewish communities. Saint John paralleled the early Jewish communities of Montreal and Toronto in its formation by English and German communities in the 1850s. Cultural and socioeconomic divisions between the Anglophile old community and the later immigrants from Eastern Europe resulted in a split into two synagogues in 1906, as was also the case in the larger communities. Economic changes resulted in Saint John's decline as a major industrial centre by 1914. This decline, combined with closer cooperation between the two Jewish groups, produced a sense of community leading to the reunification of the synagogue in 1919-20, thus reverting to the profile of the one-synagogue smaller communities.

Albert Schweitzer and the Jews

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-398
Author(s):  
James Carleton Paget
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The One

Albert Schweitzer's engagement with Judaism, and with the Jewish community more generally, has never been the subject of substantive discussion. On the one hand this is not surprising—Schweitzer wrote little about Judaism or the Jews during his long life, or at least very little that was devoted principally to those subjects. On the other hand, the lack of a study might be thought odd—Schweitzer's work as a New Testament scholar in particular is taken up to a significant degree with presenting a picture of Jesus, of the earliest Christian communities, and of Paul, and his scholarship emphasizes the need to see these topics against the background of a specific set of Jewish assumptions. It is also noteworthy because Schweitzer married a baptized Jew, whose father's academic career had been disadvantaged because he was a Jew. Moreover, Schweitzer lived at a catastrophic time in the history of the Jews, a time that directly affected his wife's family and others known to him. The extent to which this personal contact with Jews and with Judaism influenced Schweitzer either in his writings on Judaism or in his life will in part be the subject of this article.

History of a Failure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacob Dweck
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

This epilogue argues that the failure of Ari Nohem was manifold. Modena failed to convince his immediate audience, and by extension the Jewish community of Venice, and by further extension Jewish communities throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, to abandon their embrace of a new Jewish theology that masqueraded under the guise of tradition. This was hardly surprising: no critic, no matter how stinging or how subtle, can convince people to change their beliefs or to abandon their practices. Modena had also failed to convince other scholars and other critics—the very people who might have been most receptive to his argument. To describe Ari Nohem as a failure is neither to indict the book nor to celebrate it. It is an attempt to understand it as a work written by an author constrained by the limits of his own particular moment in history.

She Came from Kasaba

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-585
Author(s):  
Leslie Hakim-Dowek
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Modal Approach ◽  
History Of

As in Marianne Hirsch’s (2008) notion of ‘devoir de memoire’, this poem-piece, from a new series, uses the role of creation and imagination to strive to ‘re-activate and re-embody’ distant family/historical transcultural spaces and memories within the perspective of a dispersed history of a Middle-Eastern minority, the Sephardi/Jewish community. There is little awareness that Sephardi/Jewish communities were an integral part of the Middle East and North Africa for many centuries before they were driven out of their homes in the second half of the twentieth century. Using a multi-modal approach combining photography and poetry, this photo-poem series has for focus my female lineage. This piece evokes in particular the memory of my grandmother, encapsulating many points in history where persecution and displacement occurred across many social, political and linguistic borders.

scholarly journals Jewish community in Cieszowa in Upper Silesia (1737-1904) and the efforts of Fr. Karl Urban to save its material and spiritual heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

 When in 1908 in Cieszowa, one of the oldest Jewish communities in Upper Silesia, buildings of the dissolved Kehilla were put up for auction, Fr. Karl Urban (1864-1923), the priest of the parish of St. Joseph in Sadów, to which Cieszowa also belonged, purchased a synagogue with the surrounding outbuildings from his own resources, thus protecting them from inevitable liquidation. Cieszowa was one of four villages in Upper Silesia, in which Jews were ordered to reside during Prussian settlement bans, issued in the 1770s and 1780s. The article briefly describes the history of the Jewish community in Silesia, with the emphasis on the religious community set up by them in Cieszowa. In addition, the circumstances of the auctioning of local buildings in 1908 and their purchase by Fr. Karl Urban were described. The author focused on the activity of Fr. Urban, aimed at creating a religious and museum memorial site. Moreover, the author undermines the popular opinion involving the demolition of wooden monuments, allegedly after 1911, postponing the time of their destruction for the years after the death of Fr. Urban, i.e. after 1923.

scholarly journals Between Foreigners and Shi`is

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Houman Sarshar
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Great Famine ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Breaking Work

After twenty-seven centuries of uninterrupted presence on the Persianplateau, the Jews of Iran have become so inextricably ingrained in everypossible aspect of Iranian life, culture, religion, and history that any valuablework of scholarship in Judeo-Persian studies, such as the one at hand,must by necessity entail an interdisciplinary approach. Between Foreignersand Shi`is, a ground-breaking work that will henceforth prove indispensableto any researcher ofmodern Judeo-Persian studies, is ameticulous pieceof scholarship that brings as much novelty to its own field as it does tomodernIranian historiography, Middle Eastern political studies, and Islamicstudies.Daniel Tsadik’s book provides a history of the religious, political, andsocial life of Iranian Jews under Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848-96).Relying on a wealth of previously untapped archival material, the authorexamines in particular detail episodes of persecution in Barforush in 1866-67 (pp. 60-78), in Shiraz at the hands of Hajj Sayyid `Ali Akbar Fal Asiri(pp. 130-37), in Isfahan at the hands of ShaykhMohammad Taqi Najafi (pp.137-49), and in Hamadan at the hands of Mullah `Abdallah (pp. 155-77).Examining these and other episodes of anti-Semitic persecution against thebroader backdrop of socio-political events throughout Iran at large, such asthe Tobacco Rebellion of 1891 and the great famine, he brings to light a hithertounnoticed dynamic in which Iran’s Jewish community emerges as therope in a three-way tug of war between the Shi`ite clergy, the Qajar court,and western diplomats, with each jostling for dominance in the fledglingnation that was becoming modern Iran ...

Sea Movements of Canadian Atlantic Salmon Kelts

1938 ◽  
Vol 4a (2) ◽  
pp. 96-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Huntsman
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Clean Fish ◽  
Saint John ◽  
The One

Salmon related to various rivers of eastern Canada were tagged and liberated after spawning, by the Department of Fisheries in various years from 1913 to 1936. Analysis of the recaptures shows varied movements, the differences from river to river and for the one river from year to year being seen as due to differences in the environment. When liberated in or even outside the estuary, they may enter and ascend the river while still in the kelt condition, if suitable freshets occur.As kelts and as clean fish in both first and second years after liberation, they are principally found in the estuary, distinctly more riverward than the virgin fish. However, when swept out of the estuary, as occurs in a river like the Margaree and, if return is difficult, their distribution will differ but little from that of the virgin fish.A pronounced zone of river influence in the sea is seen as holding the salmon to the locality near the river mouth, as for the Saint John river of New Brunswick. With an indistinct zone, more or less of the salmon wander to other regions, largely in correspondence with water movements.The length of time between successive spawnings is found to correspond with the time between the smolt stage and first spawning and to be related to sea temperature during the spring and summer.

The Return to Diversity in Eastern Europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Jens Hohensee
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Annus Mirabilis

The events of 1989, the annus mirabilis, have led to a great demand for new research and a re-thinking of the history of Eastern Europe. Those sources which were kept from us for years are now available, at least in part. As part of this process political scientists and historians of Eastern Europe are now concerned to fill in the gaps in our knowledge and provide the answers to urgent questions. A consequence of this situation has been a veritable flood of publications, of which eight have been chosen for review here. With two exceptions these studies have deepened our understanding of the issues involved. There are clear differences between the historians on the one hand and the political scientists on the other in terms of their starting-point and the questions they ask. Whereas the historians deal descriptively with the origins, trends and structures of the last centuries and place the revolutions of 1989/90 in their historical context, the political scientists proceed analytically and place greater emphasis on social, ethnic and economic factors. This dichotomy is demonstrated in the different problematics of the books under review.

scholarly journals Alcohol and Substance Use in the Jewish Community: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Baruch ◽  
Abraham Benarroch ◽  
Gary E. Rockman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Family History ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
History Of

Awareness of addictions in the Jewish community is becoming increasingly prevalent, and yet, a gap exists in the literature regarding addictions in this community. Knowledge about the prevalence of addictions within Jewish communities is limited; some believe that Jews cannot be affected by addictions. To address this gap, a pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary evidence relating to addictions and substance use in the Jewish community. Results indicate that a significant portion of the Jewish community knows someone affected by an addiction and that over 20% have a family history of addiction. Future research needs are discussed.

scholarly journals WITOLD PŁOTKA, PATRICK ELDRIDGE (EDS.) EARLY PHENOMENOLOGY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE. MAIN FIGURES, IDEAS, AND PROBLEMS. Contributions to Phenomenology. Vol. 113 Springer, 2020 ISBN 978-3-030-39622-0

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-327
Author(s):  
JAROSLAVA VYDROVÁ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Local Traditions

The collective volume Early Phenomenology in Central and Eastern Europe: Main Figures, Ideas, and Problems, edited by Witold Płotka and Patrick Eldridge, enriches the ongoing and highly topical research of the history of phenomenology with the thematization of a specific period and localization of phenomenology. The authors of eleven chapters explore the emergence of phenomenology in local traditions outside the Germanophone area, its appropriation and development, describing the unique forms it acquired in individual environments. The book clarifies the characteristics of the early wave of phenomenology and provides a list of Central and Eastern European phenomenologists who participated in it. On the one hand, the volume is a contribution to historiography, enriching the study of the history of phenomenology thematically and thus contributing to the development of phenomenology itself; on the other hand, it introduces its own set of philosophical problems. These concern methodology and the issue of the Central and Eastern European identity, which is examined through the prism of the development of local traditions of phenomenology. When exploring the latter it is useful to introduce the concept of the marginocentric. This concept, which originated in comparative literature, facilitates an understanding of the unique cultural configuration of a concrete tradition in its communication with internal and external environments.

Reporting the Diaspora

2021 ◽  
pp. 621-641
Author(s):  
Yaron Tsur
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The One

This chapter presents a historical typology of Jewish periodicals, beginning with Moses Mendelsohn and his pupils in eighteenth century Germany. Two main trajectories, distinguished by the extent of the periodicals’ openness to the surrounding society, characterized the development of the Jewish press—that of Western Jewish communities, on the one hand, and that of Eastern Europe and the Middle East and North Africa, on the other. Dividing modern and contemporary Jewish history into two periods of demographic turmoil (1880–-1945 and 1947–-2000), the chapter surveys the evolution of the Jewish press in various parts of the diaspora, paying particular attention to the role of demographic transformations in these developments.

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