EKSTRAKSI ALUMINIUM DARI TANAH LEMPUNG GAMBUT SEBAGAI KOAGULAN CAIR

ABSTRAKAluminium adalah bahan utama yang terkandung dalam koagulan yang umum digunakan dalam proses koagulasi. Aluminium merupakan kandungan elemen ketiga terbesar yang terdapat pada lapisan kulit bumi, yang terdapat dalam mineral, bebatuan dan tanah liat, seperti tanah lempung gambut yang mengandung garam aluminium, telah dapat dijadikan koagulan bantu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan dengan mengekstraksi aluminium yang terkandung dalam tanah lempung gambut yang mengandung 18,78% Al2O3 dijadikan kogulan pengganti (PAC) untuk menurunkan zat organik alam pada air gambut. Hal yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah dihasilkannya koagulan cair dari tanah lempung gambut yang ada di Indonesia. Koagulan cair diekstraksi dari tanah lempung gambut dari Kalimantan Selatan dengan menggunakan pelarut asam sulfat (H2SO4). Untuk mendapatkan Al2O3 dari tanah lempung gambut tersebut, tanah dikalsinasi dan diekstraksi. Proses pengaktifan Aluminium dari tanah dipengaruhi oleh ukuran butiran tanah, temperatur kalsinasi dan waktu kalsinasi. Untuk proses leaching dipengaruhi konsentrasi dan jumlah H2SO4 dalam kondisi mendidih.Kata kunci: asam sulfat, ekstraksi, kalsinasi, koagulan cair, tanah lempung gambut. ABSTRACTAluminum is the primary material contained in commonly used coagulant in the coagulation process. Aluminum is the third largest content of elements found in the earth's crust in the form of minerals, rocks and clay. Peat loam soil is one of the class that contains of aluminum salts and can be used as coagulant aids. In this research, further development by extracting aluminum contained in peat clay. In which the aluminum in the form of 18.78% Al2O3 on clay peat coagulant used as a substitute for the (PAC). The aim of this research was the production of liquid coagulant of clay peat in Indonesia. This liquid coagulant extracted from peat loam soil of South Kalimantan using sulfuric acid solvent (H2SO4) with a concentration of 40%. To obtain Al2O3 from the peat loam soil, the soil had to be calcinated and extracted. The aluminum activating processes of soil was influenced by soil particle size, temperature and duration of calcination. Meanwhile the leaching process was affected by the amount and concentration of H2SO4 in boiling conditions.Keywords: calcinations, extraction, liquid coagulant, sulfuric acid, the clay peat

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An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10040518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 518 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

César I. Castellón ◽

Pía C. Hernández ◽

Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes ◽

María E. Taboada

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Alkaline Solution ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Sodium Nitrate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Leaching Test ◽

Copper Concentrate ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Chalcopyrite Concentrate

An alternative copper concentrate leaching process using sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater followed by gas scrubbing to recover the sodium nitrate has been evaluated. The work involved leaching test carried out under various condition by varying temperature, leaching time, particle size, and concentrations of NaNO3 and H2SO4. The amount of copper extracted from the chalcopyrite concentrate leached with seawater, 0.5 M of H2SO4 and 0.5 M of NaNO3 increased from 78% at room temperature to 91% at 45 °C in 96 h and 46 h of leaching, respectively. Gas scrubbing with the alkaline solution of NaOH was explored to recover part of the sodium nitrate. The dissolved salts were recovered by evaporation as sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite crystals.

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Fractal Features of Soil Particle Size Distributions and Their Implications for Indicating Enclosure Management in a Semiarid Grassland Ecosystem

Polish Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3161/15052249pje2020.68.2.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Chen ◽

Haitao Chang ◽

Rentao Liu

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Soil Particle ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Grassland Ecosystem ◽

Particle Size Distributions ◽

Semiarid Grassland ◽

Soil Particle Size

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Processing of granite quarry solid waste into industrial high silica materials using leaching process with HCl concentration variation

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri ◽

10.21771/jrtppi.2020.v11.no2.p43-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Yusup Hendronursito ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Slamet Sumardi ◽

Roniyus Marjunus ◽

Frista Clarasati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Silica Content ◽

X Ray ◽

Concentration Variation ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Hcl Concentration ◽

Granite Powder

This study was aimed to increase granite's silica content using the leaching process with HCl concentration variation. The granite used in this study came from Lematang, South Lampung. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in HCl concentration, particle size, and rotational speed on the crystalline phase and chemical elements formed in the silica product produced from granite. The HCl concentration variations were 6.0 M, 7.2 M, 8.4 M, and 9.6 M, the variation in particle size used was 270 and 400 mesh. Variations in rotational speed during leaching were 500 and 750 rpm. Granite powder was calcined at 1000 ºC for 2 hours. Characterization was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP- OES). The results showed that the silica content increased with increasing HCl concentration, the finer the particle size, and the higher the rotational speed. XRF analysis showed that the silica with the highest purity was leached with 9.6 HCl with a particle size of 400 mesh and a rotational speed of of 750 rpm, which was 73.49%. Based on the results above, by leaching using HCl, the Si content can increase from before. The XRD diffractogram showed that the granite powder formed the Quartz phase.

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Good Governance

10.1093/oso/9780198841159.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Henk Addink

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Good Governance ◽

National Level ◽

Administrative Law ◽

Modern State ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

The Third ◽

Legal Perspective ◽

Further Development

The pivotal aim of this book is to explain the creation, development, and impact of good governance from a conceptual, principal perspective and in the context of national administrative law. Three lines of reasoning have been worked out: developing the concept of good governance; specification of this concept by developing principles of good governance; and implementation of these principles of good governance on the national level. In this phase of further development of good governance, it is important to have a clear concept of good governance, presented in this book as the third cornerstone of a modern state, alongside the concepts of the rule of law and democracy. That is a rather new national administrative law perspective which is influenced by regional and international legal developments; thus, we can speak about good governance as a multilevel concept. But the question is: how is this concept of good governance further developed? Six principles of good governance (which in a narrower sense also qualify as principles of good administration) have been further specified in a systematic way, from a legal perspective. These are the principles of properness, transparency, participation, effectiveness, accountability, and human rights. Furthermore, the link has been made with integrity standards. The important developments of each of these principles are described on the national level in Europe, but also in countries outside Europe (such as Australia, Canada, and South Africa). This book gives a systematic comparison of the implementation of the principles of good governance between countries.

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Loss of soil carbon and nitrogen rather than variations in soil particle size distribution decreased microbial residues during conversion of grassland to croplands

European Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1111/ejss.13113 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuang Liang ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

Xiaoling Song ◽

Siwen Liu ◽

Xinyao Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Soil Particle ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Soil Particle Size ◽

Soil Particle Size Distribution ◽

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Microbial Residues

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Preliminary Study on Gold Recovery from High Grade E-Waste by Thiourea Leaching and Electrowinning

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11030235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Nicolò Maria Ippolito ◽

Ionela Birloaga ◽

Francesco Ferella ◽

Marcello Centofanti ◽

Francesco Vegliò

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Leach Solution ◽

High Grade ◽

Gold Dissolution ◽

Plastic Part ◽

The Third ◽

Current Consumption ◽

Different Types ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

A Current

The present paper is focused on the extraction of gold from high-grade e-waste, i.e., spent electronic connectors and plates, by leaching and electrowinning. These connectors are usually made up of an alloy covered by a layer of gold; sometimes, in some of them, a plastic part is also present. The applied leaching system consisted of an acid solution of diluted sulfuric acid (0.2 mol/L) with thiourea (20 g/L) as a reagent and ferric sulfate (21.8 g/L) as an oxidant. This system was applied on three different high-grade e-waste, namely: (1) Connectors with the partial gold-plated surface (Au concentration—1139 mg/kg); (2) different types of connectors with some of which with completely gold-plated surface (Au concentration—590 mg/kg); and (3) connectors and plates with the completely gold-plated surface (Au concentration—7900 mg/kg). Gold dissolution yields of 52, 94, and 49% were achieved from the first, second, and third samples, respectively. About 95% of Au recovery was achieved after 1.5 h of electrowinning at a current efficiency of only 4.06% and current consumption of 3.02 kWh/kg of Au from the leach solution of the third sample.

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Study on Ultrasonically-Enhanced Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Nickel from Nickel-Containing Residue

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11070810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 810

Author(s):

Zhanyong Guo ◽

Ping Guo ◽

Guang Su ◽

Fachuang Li

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Acid Leaching ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽

Solid Product ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Diffusion Controlled ◽

Extraction Degree ◽

Ultrasonic Conditions ◽

Complex Nickel

In this paper, nickel-containing residue, a typical solid waste produced in the battery production process, was used to study the cavitation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in a liquid–solid reaction. The ultrasonically-enhanced leaching technology for multicomponent and complex nickel-containing residue was studied through systematic ultrasonic-conventional comparative experiments. An ultrasonic leaching kinetics model was established which provided reliable technological guidance and basic theory for the comprehensive utilization of nickel-containing residue. In the study, it was found that ultrasonically-enhanced leaching for 40 min obtained the same result as conventional leaching for 80 min, and the Ni extraction degree reached more than 95%. According to the kinetic fitting of the leaching process, it was found that the sulfuric acid leaching process belonged to the diffusion-controlled model of solid product layers under conventional and ultrasonic conditions, and the activation energy of the reaction was Ea1 = 17.74 kJ/mol and Ea2 = 5.04 kJ/mol, respectively.

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