scholarly journals An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
César I. Castellón ◽  
Pía C. Hernández ◽  
Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes ◽  
María E. Taboada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Leaching Test ◽  
Copper Concentrate ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Chalcopyrite Concentrate

An alternative copper concentrate leaching process using sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater followed by gas scrubbing to recover the sodium nitrate has been evaluated. The work involved leaching test carried out under various condition by varying temperature, leaching time, particle size, and concentrations of NaNO3 and H2SO4. The amount of copper extracted from the chalcopyrite concentrate leached with seawater, 0.5 M of H2SO4 and 0.5 M of NaNO3 increased from 78% at room temperature to 91% at 45 °C in 96 h and 46 h of leaching, respectively. Gas scrubbing with the alkaline solution of NaOH was explored to recover part of the sodium nitrate. The dissolved salts were recovered by evaporation as sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite crystals.

scholarly journals Initial Investigation into the Leaching of Manganese from Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Foundry Slag—Part I

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Toro ◽  
Nelson Herrera ◽  
Jonathan Castillo ◽  
Cynthia Torres ◽  
Rossana Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Optimization Methodology

In this study, the surface optimization methodology was used to assess the effect of three independent variables—time, particle size and sulfuric acid concentration—on Mn extraction from marine nodules during leaching with H2SO4 in the presence of foundry slag. The effect of the MnO2/Fe ratio and particle size (MnO2) was also investigated. The maximum Mn extraction rate was obtained when a MnO2 to Fe molar ratio of 0.5, 1 M of H2SO4, −320 + 400 Tyler mesh (−47 + 38 μm) nodule particle size and a leaching time of 30 min were used.

EKSTRAKSI ALUMINIUM DARI TANAH LEMPUNG GAMBUT SEBAGAI KOAGULAN CAIR

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Yeggi Darnas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
Soil Particle Size ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Extraction Liquid

ABSTRAKAluminium adalah bahan utama yang terkandung dalam koagulan yang umum digunakan dalam proses koagulasi. Aluminium merupakan kandungan elemen ketiga terbesar yang terdapat pada lapisan kulit bumi, yang terdapat dalam mineral, bebatuan dan tanah liat, seperti tanah lempung gambut yang mengandung garam aluminium, telah dapat dijadikan koagulan bantu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan dengan mengekstraksi aluminium yang terkandung dalam tanah lempung gambut yang mengandung 18,78% Al2O3 dijadikan kogulan pengganti (PAC) untuk menurunkan zat organik alam pada air gambut. Hal yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah dihasilkannya koagulan cair dari tanah lempung gambut yang ada di Indonesia. Koagulan cair diekstraksi dari tanah lempung gambut dari Kalimantan Selatan dengan menggunakan pelarut asam sulfat (H2SO4). Untuk mendapatkan Al2O3 dari tanah lempung gambut tersebut, tanah dikalsinasi dan diekstraksi. Proses pengaktifan Aluminium dari tanah dipengaruhi oleh ukuran butiran tanah, temperatur kalsinasi dan waktu kalsinasi. Untuk proses leaching dipengaruhi konsentrasi dan jumlah H2SO4 dalam kondisi mendidih.Kata kunci: asam sulfat, ekstraksi, kalsinasi, koagulan cair, tanah lempung gambut. ABSTRACTAluminum is the primary material contained in commonly used coagulant in the coagulation process. Aluminum is the third largest content of elements found in the earth's crust in the form of minerals, rocks and clay. Peat loam soil is one of the class that contains of aluminum salts and can be used as coagulant aids. In this research, further development by extracting aluminum contained in peat clay. In which the aluminum in the form of 18.78% Al2O3 on clay peat coagulant used as a substitute for the (PAC). The aim of this research was the production of liquid coagulant of clay peat in Indonesia. This liquid coagulant extracted from peat loam soil of South Kalimantan using sulfuric acid solvent (H2SO4) with a concentration of 40%. To obtain Al2O3 from the peat loam soil, the soil had to be calcinated and extracted. The aluminum activating processes of soil was influenced by soil particle size, temperature and duration of calcination. Meanwhile the leaching process was affected by the amount and concentration of H2SO4 in boiling conditions.Keywords: calcinations, extraction, liquid coagulant, sulfuric acid, the clay peat

scholarly journals Kinetics of Chalcopyrite Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokić ◽  
Marković ◽  
Stanković ◽  
Kamberović ◽  
Štrbac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Quantitative Light Microscopy ◽  
Chalcopyrite Concentrate ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing

In ores, chalcopyrite is usually associated with other sulfide minerals, such as sphalerite, galena, and pyrite, in a dispersed form, with complex mineralogical structures. Concentrates obtained by flotation of such ores are unsuitable for pyrometallurgical processing owing to their poor quality and low metal recovery. This paper presents the leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate from the location “Rudnik, Serbia”. The samples from the flotation plant were treated with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid. The influences of temperature, particle size, stirring speed, as well as the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid were followed and discussed. Hence, the main objective was to optimize the relevant conditions and to determine the reaction kinetics. It was remarked that the increase in temperature, hydrogen peroxide content, and sulfuric acid concentration, as well as the decrease in particle size and stirring speed, contribute to the dissolution of chalcopyrite. The dissolution kinetics follow a model controlled by diffusion, and the lixiviant diffusion controls the rate of reaction through the sulfur layer. Finally, the main characterization methods used to corroborate the obtained results were X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as qualitative and quantitative light microscopy of the chalcopyrite concentrate samples and the leach residue.

scholarly journals STUDY OF CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION OF SILICON INTO ALUMINATE SOLUTION DURING LEACHING OF RAW ALUNITE AND ITS REMOVAL FROM THIS SOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
G.I. Alyshanly ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Aluminate Solution ◽  
Sorption Ability

When extracting aluminum from the alunite ore of the Zaglik deposit by leaching, silicon, which is part of the alunite, passes into solution in the form of a silicate ion in a small amount. Silicon in solution not only degrades the quality of the produced alumina but also contributes to the clogging of pipes and equipment during its production. In this work, we investigated the dynamics of the distribution of silicon in the liquid phase upon leaching of raw alunite at room temperature and heating in an alkaline solution. A method of extracting silicon from an aluminate solution is proposed to obtain high-quality aluminum hydroxide. Desilication was carried out by recirculating the parent solution. The silicon dioxide sorption ability from the solution of the material, which was obtained as a result of acid activation of alunite mud, was investigated. It was found that alunite mud activated with sulfuric acid, in comparison with non-activated mud, has the ability to separate the silicate ion from the aluminate solution with a higher percentage of yield

scholarly journals Leaching of Manganese from Marine Nodules at Room Temperature with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of Tailings

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Toro ◽  
Manuel Saldaña ◽  
Jonathan Castillo ◽  
Freddy Higuera ◽  
Roxana Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Cost Efficient

Based on the results obtained from a previous study investigating the dissolution of Mn from marine nodules with the use of sulfuric acid and foundry slag, a second series of experiments was carried out using tailings produced from slag flotation. The proposed approach takes advantage of the Fe present in magnetite contained in these tailings and is believed to be cost-efficient. The surface optimization methodology was used to evaluate the independent variables of time, particle size, and sulfuric acid concentration in the Mn solution. Other tests evaluated the effect of agitation speed and the MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio in an acid medium. The highest Mn extraction rate of 77% was obtained with an MnO2/Fe2O3 ratio of 1/2 concentration of 1 mol/L of H2SO4, particle size of −47 + 38 μm, and 40 min of leaching. It is concluded that higher rates of Mn extraction were obtained when tailings instead of slag were used, while future research needs to focus on determination of the optimum Fe2O3/MnO2 ratio to improve dissolution of Mn from marine nodules.

scholarly journals Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Oxygen and Sulfuric Acid Using a Low-Pressure Reactor

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Cháidez ◽  
José Parga ◽  
Jesús Valenzuela ◽  
Raúl Carrillo ◽  
Isaías Almaguer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
Solid Concentration ◽  
Chalcopyrite Concentrate

This article presents a copper leaching process from chalcopyrite concentrates using a low-pressure reactor. The experiments were carried out in a 30 L batch reactor at an oxygen pressure of 1 kg/cm2 and solid concentration of 100 g/L. The temperature, particle size and initial acid concentration were varied based on a Taguchi L9 experimental design. The initial and final samples of the study were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and particle size distribution. The mass balance showed that 98% of copper was extracted from the chalcopyrite concentrate in 3 h under the following experimental conditions: 130 g/L of initial sulfuric acid concentration, temperature of 100 °C, oxygen pressure of 1 kg/cm2, solid concentration of 100 g/L and particle size of −105 + 75 μm. The ANOVA demonstrated that temperature had the greatest influence on copper extraction. The activation energy was 61.93 kJ/mol. The best fit to a linear correlation was the chemical reaction equation that controls the kinetics for the leaching copper from chalcopyrite. The images obtained by SEM showed evidence of shrinking in the core model with the formation of a porous elemental sulfur product layer.

scholarly journals Influence of chalcopyrite structure on their leaching by sodium nitrate in sulphuric acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Sokić ◽  
Slobodan Radosavljević ◽  
Branislav Marković ◽  
Vladislav Matković ◽  
Nada Štrbac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Structural Assembly ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Treatment ◽  
Chalcopyrite Concentrate ◽  
Complex Forms

During the chalcopyrite leaching by sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid solution, leaching rate decreases with increasing the time and a part of chalcopyrite mineral grains remains in the leach residue. In chalcopyrite concentrate, 95.5 % of chalcopyrite mineral occurs as in liberated grains, and the rest is in association with gangue minerals, which is very favorably from the aspect of hydrometallurgical treatment. Complex forms, like impregnations and complex intergrowths, do not exist. After experiments carried out, leaching of copper achieved 84 % at temperature 80 o C and time 240 min. In the all leach residues, 97 % chalcopyrite mineral grains occur as liberated with highly corroded surfaces. Therefore, the structural assembly of chalcopyrite grains is favorable and no reason to reduce the leaching rate in the final stage of reaction. Reason for this is elemental sulfur, which was formed during the reaction, precipitated at the particle surfaces, and slowed down the leaching rate in the final stage of leaching process. 

Processing of granite quarry solid waste into industrial high silica materials using leaching process with HCl concentration variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Yusup Hendronursito ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Roniyus Marjunus ◽  
Frista Clarasati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentration Variation ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
Granite Powder

This study was aimed to increase granite's silica content using the leaching process with HCl concentration variation. The granite used in this study came from Lematang, South Lampung. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in HCl concentration, particle size, and rotational speed on the crystalline phase and chemical elements formed in the silica product produced from granite. The HCl concentration variations were 6.0 M, 7.2 M, 8.4 M, and 9.6 M, the variation in particle size used was 270 and 400 mesh. Variations in rotational speed during leaching were 500 and 750 rpm. Granite powder was calcined at 1000 ºC for 2 hours. Characterization was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP- OES). The results showed that the silica content increased with increasing HCl concentration, the finer the particle size, and the higher the rotational speed. XRF analysis showed that the silica with the highest purity was leached with 9.6 HCl with a particle size of 400 mesh and a rotational speed of of 750 rpm, which was 73.49%. Based on the results above, by leaching using HCl, the Si content can increase from before. The XRD diffractogram showed that the granite powder formed the Quartz phase.

scholarly journals Study on Ultrasonically-Enhanced Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Nickel from Nickel-Containing Residue

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Zhanyong Guo ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Guang Su ◽  
Fachuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Leaching ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Extraction Degree ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions ◽  
Complex Nickel

In this paper, nickel-containing residue, a typical solid waste produced in the battery production process, was used to study the cavitation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in a liquid–solid reaction. The ultrasonically-enhanced leaching technology for multicomponent and complex nickel-containing residue was studied through systematic ultrasonic-conventional comparative experiments. An ultrasonic leaching kinetics model was established which provided reliable technological guidance and basic theory for the comprehensive utilization of nickel-containing residue. In the study, it was found that ultrasonically-enhanced leaching for 40 min obtained the same result as conventional leaching for 80 min, and the Ni extraction degree reached more than 95%. According to the kinetic fitting of the leaching process, it was found that the sulfuric acid leaching process belonged to the diffusion-controlled model of solid product layers under conventional and ultrasonic conditions, and the activation energy of the reaction was Ea1 = 17.74 kJ/mol and Ea2 = 5.04 kJ/mol, respectively.

An efficient and chemoselective Cbz-protection of amines using silica–sulfuric acid at room temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (46) ◽  
pp. 8170-8173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj B. Gawande ◽  
Vivek Polshettiwar ◽  
Rajender S. Varma ◽  
Radha V. Jayaram
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Silica Sulfuric Acid
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