Bordetella pertussis infection in household contacts of cases of pertussis in the southeast zone of the city of Cali, Colombia, 2006-2007

Introduction: Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or convulsive cough, a contagious and immune-preventable disease. It is one of the 10 leading causes of death among children younger than one year of age, when not completely immunized. It is considered reemerging in several countries, with high rates of complications and hospitalizations. Objective: to learn of the proportion of infection by B. pertussis among suspected cases of whooping cough and their household contacts among children from the southeast zone of Cali, a geographic area with great consultation demand due to this infection. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal samples were taken from 24 suspected cases and from their 109 household contacts. The samples were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and through culture. Results: The proportion of positivity among the cases via the Q-PCR technique was at 50% (12/24) and at 40% via the culture technique (8/20), with good agreement between both techniques (Kappa 0.61). Regarding the household contacts, 30.3% (33/109) (CI 95%: 21.8%-39.8%) tested positive. The sibling contacts (7/15) and the mothers (7/22) presented the greatest proportion of positivity. Regarding age, 60% were 4 years of age (3/5) and 50% were in the group comprised of individuals 45 to 64 years of age. No significant differences were found among the presence or absence of symptoms and the presence of B. pertussis infection, except for the presence of nasal secretions (runny nose) (27%) and coughing (36%) during the last month. Conclusions: The study confirms the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection by B. pertussis among household contacts of children with whooping cough symptomatology and its household transmission. In Cali, health authorities need to review the effectiveness of implemented control strategies and the use of a vaccination scheme that does not cover adolescent and adult populations as a focus of infection control.

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Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) contributes to Bordetella pertussis inflammatory pathology

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00126-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danisha Gallop ◽

Karen Scanlon ◽

Jeremy Ardanuy ◽

Alexander B. Sigalov ◽

Nicholas H. Carbonetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Myeloid Cells ◽

Cell Surface Receptor ◽

Bacterial Burden ◽

Emerging Pathogens ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Bacterial Control

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a severe pulmonary infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . Pertussis infects an estimated 24 million people annually, resulting in >150,000 deaths. The NIH placed pertussis on the list of emerging pathogens in 2015. Antibiotics are ineffective unless administered before the onset of the disease characteristic cough. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel pertussis therapeutics. We have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonists reduce pertussis inflammation, without increasing bacterial burden. Transcriptomic studies were performed to identify this mechanism and allow for the development of pertussis therapeutics which specifically target problematic inflammation without sacrificing bacterial control. These data suggested a role for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). TREM-1 cell surface receptor functions as an amplifier of inflammatory responses. Expression of TREM-1 is increased in response to bacterial infection of mucosal surfaces. In mice, B. pertussis infection results in TLR9-dependent increased expression of TREM-1 and its associated cytokines. Interestingly, S1PR agonists dampen pulmonary inflammation and TREM-1 expression. Mice challenged intranasally with B. pertussis and treated with ligand-dependent (LP17) and ligand-independent (GF9) TREM-1 inhibitors showed no differences in bacterial burden and significantly reduced TNF-α and CCL-2 expression compared to controls. Mice receiving TREM-1 inhibitors showed reduced pulmonary inflammation compared to controls indicating that TREM-1 promotes inflammatory pathology, but not bacterial control, during pertussis infection. This implicates TREM-1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pertussis.

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Could this be whooping cough?

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emermed-2018-207792 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 639-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrick Nee ◽

Elaine Weir ◽

Madhur Vardhan ◽

Ankita Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Respiratory Disorders ◽

Very Young Children ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Serious Disease

Whooping cough is a notifiable bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It may produce serious disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals and very young children. The number of reported cases increases in the winter months and the incidence peaks every 4–5 years. However, this periodicity is variable and is inconsistent between different geographical regions. Bordetella pertussis infection (BPI) may be underdiagnosed because of its seasonality and the fact that clinical features may be indistinguishable from other respiratory disorders in the paediatric ED setting. Treatment with antibiotics reduces the period of infectivity but may not shorten the illness. This review discusses the epidemiology of the disease, its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and the disposition of patients with BPI.

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The immunology of Bordetella pertussis infection and vaccination

Pertussis ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198811879.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 42-65

Author(s):

Mieszko M. Wilk ◽

Aideen C. Allen ◽

Alicja Misiak ◽

Lisa Borkner ◽

Kingston H.G. Mills

Keyword(s):

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Immunological Memory ◽

Nasal Colonization ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Cellular Immune

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough (pertussis), a severe and sometimes fatal respiratory infectious disease, especially in young infants. Pertussis can be prevented in infants and children by immunization with either whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines; however, its incidence is increasing in many countries despite high vaccine coverage. This resurgence in populations immunized with aP vaccines has been attributed to (1) genetic changes in circulating strains of B. pertussis resulting from vaccine-driven immune selection, (2) waning protective immunity due to poor induction of immunological memory, or (3) a failure of aP vaccines to induce the appropriate arm(s) of the cellular immune responses required to prevent infection. Studies in a baboon model have suggested that previous infection prevents reinfection as well as disease, whereas aP vaccines fail to prevent nasal colonization and transmission of B. pertussis. Studies in the mouse model have demonstrated that immunization with wP vaccines induces Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas aP vaccines promote Th2-skewed responses and high antibody titres. Thus, while aP vaccine-induced antibodies may prevent pertussis, they may not prevent nasal colonization or transmission. Emerging data have suggested that replacing alum with novel adjuvants based on pathogen-associated molecular patterns has the capacity to switch the responses induced with aP vaccines to the more protective Th1/Th17 responses and may also enhance immunological memory. It is likely that third-generation pertussis vaccines will be based on live attenuated bacteria or aP formulations with novel adjuvants, which prevent nasal and lung infection and induce sustained immunity through induction of memory T cells.

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Immunoglobulin A-Mediated Protection against Bordetella pertussis Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.69.8.4846-4850.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 4846-4850 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Sandra M. M. Hellwig ◽

Annemiek B. van Spriel ◽

Joop F. P. Schellekens ◽

Frits R. Mooi ◽

Jan G. J. van de Winkel

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Mice ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Effector Functions ◽

Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

ABSTRACT Infection with Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough) in humans, is followed by the production of antibodies of several isotypes, including immunoglobulin A (IgA). Little is known, however, about the role of IgA in immunity against pertussis. Therefore, we studied targeting ofB. pertussis to the myeloid receptor for IgA, FcαRI (CD89), using either IgA purified from immune sera of pertussis patients or bispecific antibodies directed against B. pertussis and FcαRI (CD89 BsAb). Both IgA and CD89 BsAb facilitated FcαRI-mediated binding, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and PMNL originating from human FcαRI-transgenic mice. Importantly, FcαRI targeting resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance in lungs of transgenic mice. These data support the capacity of IgA to induce anti-B. pertussis effector functions via the myeloid IgA receptor, FcαRI. Increasing the amount of IgA antibodies induced by pertussis vaccines may result in higher vaccine efficacy.

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Infant Rhesus Macaques as a Nonhuman Primate Model of Bordetella Pertussis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132288/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Shi ◽

Wenwen Jiang ◽

Chen Wei ◽

Dachao Mou ◽

Weilun Zuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Primate Model ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Infant Rhesus ◽

Human Primate

Abstract Background: The prevalent resurgence of pertussis recently creates a vital public health problem worldwide. To understand the pertussis pathogenesis and host response to both pathogen and vaccine, a suitable pertussis animal model, particularly a non-human primate model, is necessary. Recently, a successful non-human primate pertussis model of baboons have been established. However, though the rhesus macaques have been proven to be ideal animal models for several infectious diseases, the infectious model of pertussis has not been established on it. The previous studies on rhesus macaque models of pertussis were performed in 1920s-1930s with limited experimental details. Recent monkey pertussis models failed to be established because the typical clinic syndrome and transmission were not investigated.Methods: In the present study, infant rhesus macaques were challenged with Bordetella pertussis (B.p) using the aerosol method to evaluate the feasibility of using it as an animal model of pertussis infection.Results: Upon aerosol infection, monkeys infected with the recent clinically isolated B.p strain 2016-CY-41 developed typical whooping cough, leukocytosis, bacteria-positive nasopharyngeal wash (NPW), and inter-animal transmission. Both humoral and cellular immune responses were induced by B.pertussis.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that a model of pertussis infection was successfully established in infant rhesus macaques, which provides a valuable platform to study pertussis pathogenesis and evaluate vaccine candidates.

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Cleft Nucleus Lymphocytosis in Young Infants with Pertussis

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1712539 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huifang Zhu ◽

Hongqun Liao ◽

Xiaoming Zhong ◽

Xingyu Rao ◽

Xin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Pediatric Intensive Care ◽

Peripheral Blood Smear ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Young Infants

AbstractThis study aims to assess whether the cleft nucleus lymphocytosis could be an early promising clue for the diagnosis of pertussis in young infants. Pertussis (whooping cough) is a severe respiratory disease mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis infection and is characterized by a significant rise in the number of leukocyte and lymphocyte in infants and young children. In this study, the Bordetella pertussis DNA was detected from samples of pharyngeal swab by PCR assay. Levels of serum specific IgM against other respiratory pathogens were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The routine blood test including numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets etc. were tested by automatic hemocyte analyzer (Sysemx XN1000). Besides, the morphology of leucocytes was observed in peripheral blood smear with microscope by Wright-Giemsa stain. Three cases of pertussis with cleft nucleus lymphocytes in young infants were discussed in in the neonatal/pediatric intensive care unit in our hospital. Leukocytosis characterized by lymphocytes, as well as thrombocytosis were observed in all patients. Our results demonstrated that cleft nucleus lymphocytosis accompanied with leukocytosis and lymphocytes would be potent assistant indicators for the early diagnosis of pertussis in young children.

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Erythromycin Prophylaxis for Pertussis

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.59.4.623 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 623-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. A. Altemeier ◽

E. M. Ayoub

Keyword(s):

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Clinical Disease ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Limited Experience

A neonate admitted to the newborn nursery was found to have bacteriologically proven Bordetella pertussis whooping cough, and two of seven infants exposed to this child became infected. Erythromycin administration to the seven infants apparently prevented further infection as well as the appearance of clinical disease in the two infected infants. This limited experience supports previous reports of the efficacy of erythromycin in preventing B. pertussis infection and disease in susceptible children.

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Bordetella pertussis Infection of Primary Human Monocytes Alters HLA-DR Expression

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.72.3.1450-1462.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 1450-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Shumilla ◽

Vashti Lacaille ◽

Tara M. C. Hornell ◽

Jennifer Huang ◽

Supraja Narasimhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Surface Expression ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Cell Surface Expression ◽

Human Monocytes ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Hla Dr ◽

Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a potentially lethal respiratory disease in children. In immunocompetent individuals, B. pertussis infection elicits an effective adaptive immune response driven by activated CD4+ T cells. However, live B. pertussis persists in the host for 3 to 4 weeks prior to clearance. Thus, B. pertussis appears to have evolved short-term mechanisms for immune system evasion. We investigated the effects of B. pertussis wild-type strain BP338 on antigen presentation in primary human monocytes. BP338 infection reduced cell surface expression of HLA-DR and CD86 but not that of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins. This change in cell surface HLA-DR expression reflected intracellular redistribution of HLA-DR. The proportion of peptide-loaded molecules was unchanged in infected cells, suggesting that intracellular retention occurred after peptide loading. Although B. pertussis infection of monocytes induced rapid and robust expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), HLA-DR redistribution did not appear to be explained by increased IL-10 levels. BP338-infected monocytes exhibited reduced synthesis of HLA-DR dimers. Interestingly, those HLA-DR proteins that were generated appeared to be longer-lived than HLA-DR in uninfected monocytes. BP338 infection also prevented gamma interferon (IFN-γ) induction of HLA-DR protein synthesis. Using mutant strains of B. pertussis, we found that reduction in HLA-DR surface expression was due in part to the presence of pertussis toxin whereas the inhibition of IFN-γ induction of HLA-DR could not be linked to any of the virulence factors tested. These data demonstrate that B. pertussis utilizes several mechanisms to modulate HLA-DR expression.

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Immunization status of Iranian military recruits against Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough)

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.948 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

pp. 224-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Morteza Izadi ◽

Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽

Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari ◽

Reza Ranjbar ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Gooya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Military Service ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Military Recruits

Introduction: Military recruits are susceptible to respiratory pathogens because of increased antibiotic resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine. The goal of the current study was to determine the immunological status of the Bordetella pertussis among conscripts in Iranian military garrisons. Methodology: The study population consisted of 424 conscripts aged 18 to 21 years who enrolled for military service. They were selected using cluster stratified sampling from all military garrisons in Tehra, Iran. To determine the seroprevalence of infection, blood specimens from all recruits were collected and stored at - 20°C until assayed. All serum samples were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) and by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence of B. pertussis seropositivity in military recruits was 60.6. Only 55.0% of the recruits had low awareness about the record of vaccination against B. pertussis during childhood. Among 424 studied individuals, 48 recruits (11.3%) had a positive history of whooping cough; prevalence of seropositivity in these recruits was 70.0%. Among these subjects, 61.7% were referred to a physician for treatment and only 39.6% of them were administered anti-pertussis therapy. Conclusions: Our study showed that military conscripts in Tehran garrisons were not serologically immune to pertussis and also confirmed the low awareness about vaccination and medical history related to pertussis infection in this high-risk subgroup of the Iranian population. Routine acellular booster vaccination, particularly before 18 years of age, is recommended.

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Opsonophagocytic Activity and Other Serological Indications of Bordetella pertussis Infection in Military Recruits in Norway

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00081-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 855-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Audun Aase ◽

Tove Karin Herstad ◽

Samuel Merino ◽

Kari Torkildsen Brandsdal ◽

Bjørn Peter Berdal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Military Service ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Pertussis Infection ◽

Military Recruits ◽

Immunological Mechanisms ◽

Paired Serum

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough). Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis remains a significant disease in many countries. Besides vaccination, transient carriage of Bordetella spp. or other cross-reacting organisms adds to the immunity against pertussis. However, the various immunological mechanisms conferring protection remain largely unknown. In this study, paired serum samples from 464 healthy Norwegian military recruits were collected, the first at enrolment and the second about 8 months later. The prevalence of pertussis during military service was examined by comparing the paired serum samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy-eight percent of the recruits had low levels of IgG antibodies against PT in both samples. Conversely, 8.4% of the recruits demonstrated high anti-PT IgG levels in the first sample, indicative of recent pertussis prior to enrolment. One recruit experienced seroconversion, indicating pertussis during service. A subset of 248 serum samples with low, medium, and high anti-PT IgG titers were analyzed by a different ELISA kit for IgG and IgA antibodies against PT and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and for opsonophagocytic activity (OPA), for induction of C3b deposition products, and for IgG binding with live B. pertussis as the antigen. We observed high correlations between OPA and IgG against live bacteria (r = 0.83), between OPA and IgG anti-FHA (r = 0.79), between OPA and anti-PT IgG (r = 0.68), and between OPA and C3b binding (r = 0.70) (P < 0.0001 for all). Anti-PT IgA did not correlate closely with the other assays.

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