scholarly journals Relaciones entre neurocognición, procesamiento emocional y funcionamiento social en la esquizofrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Jaramillo ◽  
Juan Carlos Ruiz ◽  
Inma Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
Basic Cognition

Resumen: En la esquizofrenia se presentan una serie de déficits cognitivos que han hecho que la investigación y la práctica profesional actual se centren en el estudio de la neurocognición y la cognición social. Estos déficits tienen importantes implicaciones en el funcionamiento social. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la relaciones entre neurocognición, cognición social, evaluada con tareas de reconocimiento de la emoción, y funcionamiento social. Sesenta personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia han formado la muestra y las áreas evaluadas han sido: funcionamiento ejecutivo y flexibilidad cognitiva, atención y vigilancia, memoria, velocidad de procesamiento, identificación y discriminación de emociones y funcionamiento comunitario. Los resultados indican que medidas de cognición básica correlacionan de forma significativa con el funcionamiento comunitario, mientras que medidas de reconocimiento de la emoción, específicamente la identificación de emociones faciales solo correlacionó de forma positiva con un área del funcionamiento comunitario, la de comunicación y contacto social. Relationships between neurocognition, emotional processing and social functioning in schizophrenia Abstract: A series of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have led to a focus on neuro- and social cognition in current research and professional practice. These deficits have significant implications for social functioning. The aim of the current study is to analyse the relationships between neurocognition, social cognition (evaluated via emotional recognition tasks) and social functioning. Sixty people diagnosed with schizophrenia made up the sample and the following areas were evaluated: executive functioning and cognitive flexibility, attention and vigilance, processing speed, emotion identification and discrimination and community functioning. Results indicate that measures of basic cognition correlate significantly with communal functioning while measures of emotion recognition, especially those identifying facial emotions only correlate positively with one area of communal functioning, namely that of communication and social contact.

scholarly journals M229. EXPERIMENTAL TRUST AND REAL LIFE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: CLOSENESS OF THE CONTACT AND EMPATHIC SKILLS MAKE THE DIFFERENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S223-S224
Author(s):  
Imke Lemmers-Jansen ◽  
Mandy Wisman-Van der Teen ◽  
Lisa Krijnen ◽  
Margreet Oorschot ◽  
Lydia Krabbendam
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Healthy Controls

Abstract Background Psychosis is associated with profound problems in interpersonal functioning. One of the key elements of social relationships is trust. Previous research has shown that patients with psychotic disorders display reduced trust in others. Reduced trust may lead to paranoid ideation and (as a consequence) to social withdrawal. Patients with psychotic disorders have fewer social contacts and less social support than comparison groups and they frequently have difficulties in developing and maintaining social relationships. This has also been found in young people with first episode psychosis (FEP), who report having less close friends. However, social functioning and social support are a strong predictor for future outcome: Social networks buffer against the impact of adversities. Social isolation, in turn, is associated with reduced quality of life, increased mortality and poor patient outcomes. Therefore, investigating trust and responses to social interactions in daily life is essential for developing interventions to improve social functioning in the field of schizophrenia research. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of reduced trust in early psychosis patients by linking experimental trust data with emotional responses to day to day social interactions by means of experience sampling. We hypothesized that early psychosis patients, similar to chronic patients with schizophrenia, show more social withdrawal, and report higher levels of negative affect and lower positive affects when in company of others compared to controls. We expect that these social aspects are associated with reduced trust. Methods The sample consisted of 28 patients, of which 16 FEP and 12 patients at clinical high-risk, and 28 healthy controls. Participants performed a trust game during fMRI, and filled in a questionnaire about their social activities and their emotions and symptoms during these activities, 10 times a day, during a week. Results Patients had less social contact, and less contact with familiar others than healthy controls. Furthermore, social contact in general was associated with more positive affect. Contact with familiar others was associated with lower positive symptoms in the patient group, and with more positive affect and less negative affect in patients, whereas patients showed higher negative affect when being alone compared to controls. Empathy was a moderator between closeness of contact and mental health. Group differences in baseline trust, with patients showing reduced baseline trust, were not moderated by social withdrawal (the amount of social contact). Nor was baseline trust moderated by negative or positive affect when in company of others. Social contact was not significantly associated with neural activation. However, in the caudate and the temporo-parietal junction a decrease in activation was apparent, if participants showed more social withdrawal. Discussion The results indicate that familiar company is related to better outcomes in psychotic disorders. Subjects with low levels of empathy had more negative affect when in company of close others when compared to being in company of less familiar others. Furthermore, associations of daily social interactions with baseline trust and its neural correlates show link between reduced baseline trust and frequently being alone. Being alone affects neural responses to received trust in patients. Future research should investigate the role of perceived social support, and the motivation to engage in social contact with good friends or family. Treatment involving familiar contacts may be effective in patients with psychotic symptoms to facilitate social contact and strengthen their relationships.

Who is viewed as client by social workers and general practitioners?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Rexvid
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Rational Process

This chapter examines whom social workers and general practitioners regard as a client, and how they gather information about a client. These professions have two very different approaches. For example, an applicant and a client do not need to be the same person for social workers, and social workers put clients in a broad social context to examine whether there are other clients such as a partner or children who could be affected by the problem. General practitioners concentrate mainly on the medical problem and consider social relationships to clients as less important. The chapter argues that the “traditional” theoretical understanding of professional practice as a linear and rational process consisting of diagnose, inference and treatment, reflects general practitioners’ practice as a mono-client profession, but not social workers’ as a multi-client profession.

Driving Performance Deficits Despite Concussion Symptom Resolution: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Hoffman ◽  
Hannes Devos ◽  
Julianne D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Male College Student ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Male College ◽  
Complex Attention

Driving performance prior to concussion is not commonly available to help clinicians identify when deficits return to a preinjury status. This case report examines driving performance prior to and following concussion in a 20-year-old male college student. He initially volunteered as a control for a separate driving performance study. He sustained a concussion 18 months later, and was asked to complete the same driving tasks as previous testing once he was asymptomatic. Poor driving simulator performance and subtle cognitive deficits in complex attention and processing speed were evident despite being symptom-free. Our findings may be useful when considering readiness to drive postconcussion.

scholarly journals Social Cognition, Language, and Social Behavior in 7-Year-Old Children at Familial High-Risk of Developing Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7—A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Jerlang Christiani ◽  
Jens R M Jepsen ◽  
Anne Thorup ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Familial High Risk

Abstract Objective To characterize social cognition, language, and social behavior as potentially shared vulnerability markers in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP). Methods The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study VIA7 is a multisite population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children extracted from the Danish registries. The population-based controls were matched to the FHR-SZ children on age, sex, and municipality. The FHR-BP group followed same inclusion criteria. Data were collected blinded to familial high-risk status. Outcomes were social cognition, language, and social behavior. Results The analysis included 202 FHR-SZ children (girls: 46%), 120 FHR-BP children (girls: 46.7%), and 200 controls (girls: 46.5%). FHR-SZ children displayed significant deficits in language (receptive: d = −0.27, P = .006; pragmatic: d = −0.51, P < .001), social responsiveness (d = −0.54, P < .001), and adaptive social functioning (d = −0.47, P < .001) compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Compared to FHR-BP children, FHR-SZ children performed significantly poorer on adaptive social functioning (d = −0.29, P = .007) after Bonferroni correction. FHR-BP and FHR-SZ children showed no significant social cognitive impairments compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Language, social responsiveness, and adaptive social functioning deficits seem associated with FHR-SZ but not FHR-BP in this developmental phase. The pattern of results suggests adaptive social functioning impairments may not be shared between FHR-BP and FHR-SZ in this developmental phase and thus not reflective of the shared risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Changing our thinking about changing their thinking in older adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407
Author(s):  
Viviana M. Wuthrich
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
New Learning

It is well-established that as people age, deterioration in cognitive abilities including processing speed, memory, and cognitive flexibility occurs, although vast individual differences occur in the rate and consequences of this decline (Christensen, 2001). Anxiety and depression in late life are also associated with specific cognitive deficits in memory and executive functioning that may impact on new learning (Yochim et al., 2013). Therefore, it is possible that cognitive changes make it more difficult for older adults to learn how to change their thinking particularly in the context of psychological therapy.

scholarly journals Social Cognition through the Lens of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Arioli ◽  
Chiara Crespi ◽  
Nicola Canessa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits

Social cognition refers to a set of processes, ranging from perception to decision-making, underlying the ability to decode others’ intentions and behaviors to plan actions fitting with social and moral, besides individual and economic considerations. Its centrality in everyday life reflects the neural complexity of social processing and the ubiquity of social cognitive deficits in different pathological conditions. Social cognitive processes can be clustered in three domains associated with (a) perceptual processing of social information such as faces and emotional expressions (social perception), (b) grasping others’ cognitive or affective states (social understanding), and (c) planning behaviors taking into consideration others’, in addition to one’s own, goals (social decision-making). We review these domains from the lens of cognitive neuroscience, i.e., in terms of the brain areas mediating the role of such processes in the ability to make sense of others’ behavior and plan socially appropriate actions. The increasing evidence on the “social brain” obtained from healthy young individuals nowadays constitutes the baseline for detecting changes in social cognitive skills associated with physiological aging or pathological conditions. In the latter case, impairments in one or more of the abovementioned domains represent a prominent concern, or even a core facet, of neurological (e.g., acquired brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases), psychiatric (e.g., schizophrenia), and developmental (e.g., autism) disorders. To pave the way for the other papers of this issue, addressing the social cognitive deficits associated with severe acquired brain injury, we will briefly discuss the available evidence on the status of social cognition in normal aging and its breakdown in neurodegenerative disorders. Although the assessment and treatment of such impairments is a relatively novel sector in neurorehabilitation, the evidence summarized here strongly suggests that the development of remediation procedures for social cognitive skills will represent a future field of translational research in clinical neuroscience.

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