scholarly journals Frontier mystery: An unusual mound of kopi mourning caps on the eastern edge of the Simpson Desert

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Hamm ◽  
Don Rowlands ◽  
Mike Smith
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Social Ranking ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Colonial Frontier ◽  
Eastern Edge ◽  
Simpson Desert ◽  
Single Cluster

On the eastern edge of the Simpson dune field, an unusual find of 40–60 mourning caps in a single cluster, prompts us to raise issues about its interpretation. This region is known for violence along the colonial frontier, and this kopi site is only one to two days walk from the site of a known massacre of a ceremonial gathering of people at Kaliduwarry waterhole in about 1878. There is no direct evidence showing that this site coincides with colonial expansion in this region in the late 1870s, but the condition of these caps and their geomorphic context indicate that this site cannot be older than a few hundred years. If it dates to the pre-contact period in the 1800s, this kopi site must reflect a higher degree of social ranking and complexity than is usually assumed in the ethnography. Whether or not this remarkable site relates to the death of a single, high-ranked individual or multiple deaths on the colonial frontier in a single event, this cluster of mourning caps indicates that 40–60 people were in mourning simultaneously.

Once a Sacred and Secluded Place: Early Bronze Age Monuments at Church Lawton, near Alsager, Cheshire

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 237-277
Author(s):  
Malcolm Reid ◽  
Ian Brooks ◽  
Jim Innes ◽  
Stuart Needham ◽  
Fiona Roe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Eastern Edge

Two round barrows were excavated in 1982–3 at Church Lawton near to the eastern edge of the Cheshire and Staffordshire Plain. One of the barrows was defined by a ring of nine glacial boulders and it is possible that these monoliths initially formed a free-standing stone circle. The remains constitute a rare example of the use of stone to enhance a Bronze Age barrow in the lowlands of central western England. Beneath the mound demarcated by the boulders were the burnt remains of a small, roughly rectangular turf stack associated with fragments of clay daub and pieces of timber. No direct evidence of burial was found within the monument. A radiocarbon date suggests that the structural sequence began sometime in the late 3rd–early 2nd millennium calbc. The other barrow was principally a two-phased construction and contained urned and un-urned cremation burials. A battle-axe was placed next to one of the burials. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the cremations and associated deposits indicate that individuals were being interred from the late 3rd or early 2nd millennium calbc, with the practice continuing until the middle of the 2nd millennium. The barrows formed part of a cemetery, consisting of three known mounds.

DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SODIUM UPTAKE BY TOAD BLADDER MUCOSAL CELLS

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. FERGUSON ◽  
M. W. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Toad Bladder ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mucosal Cells

SUMMARY A technique is described by which the unidirectional influx of sodium into toad bladder mucosal cells can be measured over short periods. The uptake of sodium, which is linear over a 60 s contact period, changes in a non-linear way when the external sodium concentration is varied from 5 to 115mm. Vasotocin applied to the serosal surface increases significantly the influx of sodium; amiloride applied to the mucosal surface inhibits influx. This is true whether high or low concentrations of sodium are used to bathe the mucosal surface. The kinetics for the unidirectional influx of sodium provide direct evidence that the passage of sodium into this tissue is by some means other than simple diffusion.

Controls of aeolian dune height on cross-strata architecture: White Sands Dune Field, New Mexico, U.S.A.

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
Feifei Zhao ◽  
Benjamin T. Cardenas ◽  
Wonsuck Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Temporary Storage ◽  
Aeolian Dunes ◽  
Dune Height ◽  
White Sands ◽  
Thickness Measurements

ABSTRACT The stratal types composing aeolian dunes preserve a record of the transport and sorting of grains and are categorized into: 1) grainflow strata, 2) grainfall laminae, and 3) wind-ripple laminae. The arrangement of these deposits in the cross beds of a formative dune is largely unexplored. Here, field results from White Sands Dune Field, New Mexico, USA, are used to test the hypothesis that dune height controls the arrangement, abundance, and geometry of cross-stratification types. Grainflow thicknesses and deposit widths were measured on wind-scoured stoss-side exposures of seven crescentic dunes with heights ranging from 1.7 m to 11.2 m. Dozens of grainflow thickness measurements were taken along transverse-oriented strata normal to the crest on each dune. The results show that grainflow thickness averages from 1 cm to 4 cm. These data show a positive trend between mean grainflow thickness and dune height but only for the grainflow thicknesses measured at the bases of dunes. The tallest dune (11.2 m) produced many thick grainflow packages of 10 cm to 30 cm in which individual grainflow strata were indistinguishable from each other. This amalgamation was also found to be characteristic of larger dunes—the product of a lack of grainfall deposits separating individual grainflows. These differences in grainflow strata at the bases of dune lee slopes are linked to the temporary storage of sediment along the upper parts of lee slopes. In taller dunes with longer lee slopes, amalgamated grainflows which require multiple avalanche events and take longer time to reach the base transport temporarily stored sediment at upper parts of the slope. This allows time for wind ripples to rework accumulations near the base, where grainfall deposition is also limited. Shorter dunes lack this temporary storage mechanism, as individual grainflows can move across the entire lee slope in a single event, and grainfall accumulates across the entire lee slope. These stratigraphic measurements and process-based understanding will be useful in estimating original dune height in ancient cross-strata and will lead to a better interpretation of aeolian stratigraphy.

Australias geological heritage a national inventory for future geoparks and geotourism

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Joyce
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
National Inventory ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Simpson Desert

Australia has a coastline of around 32,000 km, with varying rock types and structure, coastal type and climate. Outstanding and representative coastal sites form a significant part of the Australian inventory. Major terrains included inland deserts (for example the Simpson Desert dune field, northern tropical savannah (the Kakadu World Heritage Region, glacial and periglacial upland in the far south (southwest Tasmania, broad inland riverine plays and the young volcanic provinces of southeastern Australia and northeastern Australia.

scholarly journals The lost oasis: Archaeology of a ‘forgotten’ mikiri well in the Simpson Desert

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Rowlands ◽  
Mike Smith ◽  
Ingereth Macfarlane ◽  
Duncan Wright ◽  
Max Tischler
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Sand Ridge ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
The West ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Simpson Desert

This paper describes a previously unknown mikiri well in the Simpson dune field. This site was abandoned about 500-600 years ago and does not feature in ethnographic records for this region. We argue that its abandonment was most likely due to failure of the well caused by a fall in the local watertable. The Simpson Desert is one of the major sand-ridge deserts of the world, but current views of the chronology of human use of this vast dune field rest on only a handful of radiocarbon ages (n=12). The radiocarbon ages for this mikiri, and its surroundings, add to this limited dataset. We plot all available radiocarbon ages from archaeological sites in the dune field showing that occupation of this mikiri coincided with a widespread increase in use of the dune field during the last millennium, at about the time the Wangkanguru people in the dune field were becoming linguistically distinct from the Arabana to the west.

Resiliency as Resistance: Eastern Woodland Munsee Groups on the Early Colonial Frontier

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Santone
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native American ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Face ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
European Trade

A growing body of data from Contact-period sites throughout the Northeast and Middle-Atlantic regions demonstrates the prevalence of Native-American cultural resiliency in the face of European colonization. This article considers the resiliency of cultural traditions among Munsee groups of northern New Jersey, southeastern New York, and northeastern Pennsylvania during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Patterns of population movement and the contextual association of traditional craft items with European trade goods at contact sites throughout this area are examined and reveal a pattern of active resistance to the incessant demands of colonial expansion and acculturation.

The Immuno-Electron Microscopic Localization of the Mo-Fe Protein Component of Nitrogenase in Cells of Azotobacter Vinelandii

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
J. T. Stasny ◽  
R. C. Burns ◽  
R. W. F. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fe Protein ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membranes

Structure-functlon studies of biological N2-fixation have correlated the presence of the enzyme nitrogenase with increased numbers of intracytoplasmic membranes in Azotobacter. However no direct evidence has been provided for the internal cellular localization of any nitrogenase. Recent advances concerned with the crystallizatiorTand the electron microscopic characterization of the Mo-Fe protein component of Azotobacter nitrogenase, prompted the use of this purified protein to obtain antibodies (Ab) to be conjugated to electron dense markers for the intracellular localization of the protein by electron microscopy. The present study describes the use of ferritin conjugated to goat antitMo-Fe protein immunoglobulin (IgG) and the observations following its topical application to thin sections of N2-grown Azotobacter.

Structural similarity of ribosomes from E. coli and A. salina

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
R.M. Wydro ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fine Carbon

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles necessary for processing the genetic information of mRNA into proteins. Analogy in composition and function of ribosomes from diverse species, established by biochemical and biological assays, implies their structural similarity. Direct evidence obtained by electron microscopy seems to be of increasing relevance in understanding the structure of ribosomes and the mechanism of their role in protein synthesis.The extent of the structural homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes has been studied on ribosomes of Escherichia coli (E.c.) and Artemia salina (A.s.). Despite the established differences in size and in the amount and proportion of ribosomal proteins and RNAs both types of ribosomes show an overall similarity. The monosomes (stained with 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate and deposited on a fine carbon support) appear in the electron micrographs as round particles with a diameter of approximately 225Å for the 70S E.c. (Fig. 1) and 260Å for the 80S A.s. monosome (Fig. 2).

Stress Relaxation and the Formation of Silicides in the Process of the Crystallization of NI-NB Films on SI

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
N. Rozhanski ◽  
V. Lifshitz
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Effective Barrier

Thin films of amorphous Ni-Nb alloys are of interest since they can be used as diffusion barriers for integrated circuits on Si. A native SiO2 layer is an effective barrier for Ni diffusion but it deformation during the crystallization of the alloy film lead to the appearence of diffusion fluxes through it and the following formation of silicides. This study concerns the direct evidence of the action of stresses in the process of the crystallization of Ni-Nb films on Si and the structure of forming NiSi2 islands.

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