Alkaloidy pirolizydynowe – źródła i zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kania-Dobrowolska ◽  
Justyna Baraniak ◽  
Radosław Kujawski ◽  
Marcin Ożarowski
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Symphytum Officinale ◽  
Tussilago Farfara

The pyrrolizidine alkaloids are commonly found in many plants. They are present in well-known medicinal plants as: comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.), common butterbur (Petasites hybridus L.), coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) or borage (Borago officinalis L.). Some of this plants are not used in phytotherapy or are used with big restrictions. We must pay attention that several human food products can be a source for pyrrolizidine alkaloids ingestion as a consequence of pollution of farmlands by plants originated from families: Senecio, Echium, Heliotropium, Crotalaria, Boraginaceae and Eupatorium. When harvesting, it may lead to contamination of food grains and feed for livestock. In consequence, pyrrolizidine alkaloids are detected in food products just like: baker’s goods, cakes, milk, cheese, yoghurts or meet.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity Assessment of Certain Phytochemical Products Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Șeremet Oana Cristina ◽  
Olaru Ot ◽  
Ilie Mihaela ◽  
Negreș Simona ◽  
Bălălău D
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Regression Curve ◽  
Symphytum Officinale ◽  
Tussilago Farfara ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Stoichiometric Reaction ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
Linear Regression Curve

AbstractIntroduction: Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot), Petasites hybridus (common butterbur), Senecio vernalis (eastern groundsel) and Symphytum officinale (comfrey) are species traditionally used in phytotherapy that besides the therapeutic compounds contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The aim of the paper is to determine the total PAs content and the phytotoxicity of the above species. Material and methods: The quantitative determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is based on the stoichiometric reaction of protonated alkaloids with methyl orange. In acidic conditions the dye is released from the complex and its color is assessed spectrophotometrically using a linear regression curve of senecionine as a standard. The phytotoxicity was assessed by Triticum bioassay that studies the effect of the extracts (0.001-5.00%, w/v) upon root elongation (inhibitory concentration - IC50) and on the karyokinetic film. Results: The highest amount of total PAs was found in Senecio vernalis (654.8 ± 35.96 μg/g dry plant) and the lowest in Petasites hybridus. The lowest IC50 was found for Tussilago farfara followed by Petasites hybridus, Senecio vernalis, and Symphytum officinale. The results were supported by microscopic examination. Conclusions: The results of the spectrophotometric assay are consistent with the ones found in the literature. All extracts inhibited the elongation of the main root of wheat caryopses, however, no correlation between phytotoxicity and the PAs concentration could be emphasized

Extraction of Essential Oils from Medicinal Plants and their Utilization as Food Antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Ferrentino ◽  
Ksenia Morozova ◽  
Christine Horn ◽  
Matteo Scampicchio
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Green Technologies

Background: The use of essential oils is receiving increasing attention worldwide, as these oils are good sources of several bioactive compounds. Nowadays essential oils are preferred over synthetic preservatives thanks to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Several studies highlight the beneficial effect of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants to cure human diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. However, to preserve their bioactivity, the use of appropriate extraction technologies is required. Method: The present review aims to describe the studies published so far on the essential oils focusing on their sources and chemical composition, the technologies used for their recovery and their application as antioxidants in food products. Results: The review has been structured in three parts. In the first part, the main compounds present in essential oils extracted from medicinal plants have been listed and described. In the second part, the most important technologies used for extraction and distillation, have been presented. In detail, conventional methods have been described and compared with innovative and green technologies. Finally, in the last part, the studies related to the application of essential oils as antioxidants in food products have been reviewed and the main findings discussed in detail. Conclusions: In summary, an overview of the aforementioned subjects is presented by discussing the results of the most recent published studies.

scholarly journals How Are Medicinal Plants Useful When Added to Foods?

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Gema Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Food Products

Consumers are concerned about the use of synthetic additives in foods and this has forced food processors to find ways to produce food products without the use of these additives [...]

scholarly journals Improved Method for Isolation of Lycopsamine from Roots of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Damjan Janeš ◽  
Boštjan Kalamar ◽  
Samo Kreft
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Symphytum Officinale ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Preparative Layer Chromatography

An improved method for the isolation and purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from comfrey ( Symphytum officinale L.) roots was developed, introducing very fast, selective and ion residue-free reduction of N-oxides followed by ion-exchange chromatography giving a non-aqueous solution of alkaloids, from which solvents can be easily removed. With this procedure the use of large volumes of organic solvents, very slow reduction of N-oxides and input of additional impurities was avoided. Lycopsamine, which proved to be the major alkaloid, was additionally purified by preparative layer chromatography (PLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The identity of the alkaloid was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Evaluation of the effects and side effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht ◽  
Niusha Esmaealzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
The World ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites, the most important of which are alkaloids. Alkaloids are organic compounds that have diverse structural and physiological activity. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are non-polar compounds that have side effects and harmful effects especially hepatotoxicity in addition to its medicinal properties. Therefore, due to the presence of these materials in some medicinal plants and the importance of these materials and consumption of plants, and monitoring and more precision in these cases, this study was carried out. In this paper, the information have been collected from electronic library resources and from reputable sites such as Google Scholar and Scopus, PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), and the related keywords, which was the benchmark for the period between 1991 and 2019, and about 90 articles and non-electronic resources for pyrolyzidine alkaloids, Medicinal plants, their effects, and their experiences and experiences were evaluated. Pyrrolizidine alkoxides in some dark Vegetable plants such as Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Orchidoceae, Boraginaceae family have been reported. Consumption of herbal products has been commonplace from centuries ago and is vital importance in various parts of the world, today. Many alkaloids are mutagenic and carcinogenic to humans. PAS-containing plants are present in most parts of the world and cause poisoning and damage to humans, livestock and wildlife.Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are found in some plants, can be harmed to body tissues, important properties and medicinal effects, of course, have also been reported, which requires it to be used for studying, knowing and recognizing the structure, organs and plants.

scholarly journals Content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the leaves of coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Adamczak ◽  
Bogna Opala ◽  
Agnieszka Gryszczyńska ◽  
Waldemar Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Tussilago Farfara ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetically Determined

Coltsfoot (<em>Tussilago farfara</em> L.) is a common species, widely used in European and Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, raw material from this plant contains hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The aim of the study was to determine the variability of the level of PAs (senkirkine and senecionine) in leaves of coltsfoot originated from natural populations in Poland. In the phytochemical analysis, 20 samples of <em>T. farfara</em> were used. This plant material was obtained from the Garden of Medicinal Plants in Plewiska near Poznań and originated from different regions of Poland. Coltsfoot leaves were harvested in the middle of July of 2010 and then dried at room temperature. The alkaloid content was detected using the HPLC-DAD method. The amount of PAs in leaves of <em>T. farfara</em> changed in a wide range from 0.06 to 1.04 μg g<sup>−1</sup> of dry matter (DM). The content of senkirkine and senecionine was positively correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between the amount of PAs as well as leaf weight and water content in leaves of <em>T. farfara</em>. Our results showed that a medium-sized leaf of coltsfoot (0.33 g DM) may contain from 0.02 to 0.34 μg of PAs (on average 0.14 μg). The level of PAs was not associated with the region of Poland, but phytochemical similarity of samples was usually visible at the local scale. Coltsfoot leaves are characterized by a high variability of the content of toxic PAs, much higher than in the case of the main active compounds, especially flavonoids and mucilage.<br /> This phytochemical variability is mainly genetically determined (samples came from a garden collection), and it can be increased by environmental factors. Our investigations indicate that Polish natural populations of <em>T. farfara</em> may provide raw material with a low level of toxic PAs.

scholarly journals Analyse Qualitative Et Quantitative Des Alcaloïdes Pyrrolizidiniques Chez Quelques Asteraceae, Boraginaceae Et Leguminosae Utilisées En Médecine Traditionnelle En Côte d’Ivoire

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Kandé Brahima ◽  
Koné Mamidou Witabouna
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are toxic for human and livestock. Several outbreaks in human intoxications were reported worldwide. This study aimed at assessing the presence and quantifying the PAs in some Asteraceae, Boraginaceae and Leguminosae used in traditional medicine in Côte d'Ivoire. TLC detection with Ehrlich reagent (method of Mattocks) and spectrophotometric dosage were used to analyze 21 plants species. All the studied plants showed at least trace amount of PAs except Caesalpinia bonduc, Parkia filicoidea and Pilostigma thonningii. The contents obtained ranged between 0.261 and 1.518 mg/ml. However, for the majority of the studied plant species, there was a significant difference between aqueous and methanol extracts. The richest species were Heliotropium indicum, Tridax procumbens and Vernonia colorata. The presence of PAs in the studied plants is an indication of people exposure to probable toxicity. This raises the need for an evaluation of the risk related to the consumption of such medicinal plants in Côte d'Ivoire.

scholarly journals Ora-pro-nóbis em uso alimentar humano: percepção sensorial

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Carla Regina Amorim dos Anjos Queiroz ◽  
Laís Ferreira ◽  
Luciany Braga de Paiva Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Maria Tomás Melo ◽  
Reginaldo Rodrigues De Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Rural Family ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Seedling Distribution ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

<p>O governo brasileiro incentiva o consumo de hortaliças não convencionais, como forma de aproveitamento da biodiversidade brasileira e suprimento de necessidades nutricionais de forma viável a população, principalmente a de baixa renda. A Ora-pro-nóbis (<em>Pereskia aculeata</em> Miller) é uma hortaliça nativa brasileira que se propaga facilmente, cujo cultivo apresenta baixa incidência de doenças e de demanda hídrica. É viável para o cultivo doméstico, como fonte nutricional alternativa e de baixo custo, sendo uma hortaliça recomendada para o consumo diário na alimentação, nas formas crua e/ou processada. Neste trabalho, buscou-se ampliar o uso o e cultivo da Ora-pro-nóbis, com a produção e distribuição de mudas em um evento tradicional na Zona Rural de Uberlândia, a Semana da Família Rural, em sua 26ª edição, no Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberlândia. Durante o evento foram distribuídas amostras de alimentos processados com folhas de Ora-pro-nóbis <em>in natura </em>ou previamente secas, para degustação e avaliação da apreciação. Também foram distribuídas mudas de Ora-pro-nóbis aos interessados, mediante cadastro prévio. Os dados apresentados revelaram interesse da população no uso da planta e a aceitação dos produtos incrementados com as folhas da planta, uma vez que de 600 pessoas participantes, 232 participaram da degustação de pelo menos um produto alimentício e 156 levaram mudas para o plantio.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Ora-pro-nóbis in human food consumption: sensorial perception</em></strong></p><p class="Standard"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Brazilian government encourages the consume unconventional vegetables to avail the biodiversity from the country and nourish the population, mainly the low-income people. Ora-pro-nóbis (<em>Pereskia aculeata</em> Miller) is a brazilian native vegetable which is easily propagated and has low diseases and low request water rates. As a low-cost nutritional source, this vegetable is viable to home cultivation and recommended for the daily consume <em>in natura</em> or processed. This essay objectified to expand Ora-pro-nóbis cultivation by seedling distribution in a traditional event called Rural Family Week, in its 26ª edition. During the event, Ora-pro-nóbis seedling and food products cooked with Ora-pro-Nóbis leaves were distributed for testing and evaluation. It was observed large interest in food products with Ora-pro-nóbis leaves, considering that 232 people tasted the products and 156 took seedlings to cultivate in 600 who participated.</p>

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