Evaluation of the effects and side effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht ◽  
Niusha Esmaealzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
The World ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites, the most important of which are alkaloids. Alkaloids are organic compounds that have diverse structural and physiological activity. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are non-polar compounds that have side effects and harmful effects especially hepatotoxicity in addition to its medicinal properties. Therefore, due to the presence of these materials in some medicinal plants and the importance of these materials and consumption of plants, and monitoring and more precision in these cases, this study was carried out. In this paper, the information have been collected from electronic library resources and from reputable sites such as Google Scholar and Scopus, PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), and the related keywords, which was the benchmark for the period between 1991 and 2019, and about 90 articles and non-electronic resources for pyrolyzidine alkaloids, Medicinal plants, their effects, and their experiences and experiences were evaluated. Pyrrolizidine alkoxides in some dark Vegetable plants such as Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Orchidoceae, Boraginaceae family have been reported. Consumption of herbal products has been commonplace from centuries ago and is vital importance in various parts of the world, today. Many alkaloids are mutagenic and carcinogenic to humans. PAS-containing plants are present in most parts of the world and cause poisoning and damage to humans, livestock and wildlife.Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are found in some plants, can be harmed to body tissues, important properties and medicinal effects, of course, have also been reported, which requires it to be used for studying, knowing and recognizing the structure, organs and plants.

Cornus mas: a review on traditional uses and pharmacological properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hosseinpour-Jaghdani ◽  
Tahoora Shomali ◽  
Sajedeh Gholipour-Shahraki ◽  
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties

AbstractMedicinal plants that are used today have been known by people of ancient cultures around the world and have largely been considered due to their medicinal properties.

Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, More Effective and Safer Pharmacological Treatment for the Management of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Negi ◽  
Meenakshi Gupta ◽  
Ramanpreet Walia ◽  
Moayad Khataibeh ◽  
Maryam Sarwat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
New Compounds

: Obesity is a major lifestyle disorder and it is correlated with several ailments. The prevalence of obesity has elevated over the years and it has become a global health problem. The drugs presently used for managing obesity have several side-effects associated with them such as diarrhoea, leakage of oily stools, etc. On the contrary, herbal plants and natural products are considered safe for use because they have lesser side effects. New compounds isolated from medicinal plants are screened and identified to determine their effectiveness and potential in preventing abnormal weight gain. In this review, the medicinal plants and natural materials were surveyed across the literature to cover those that have potential for managing and controlling weight gain, and their mechanism of action, active component, and experimental methodologies are also included. These herbal products can be developed as formulations for therapeutic use in obesity. The herbal plants mentioned in the review are classified based on their mechanism of action: inhibition of pancreatic lipase and appetite suppression activities. The ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme has been used to determine the effectiveness of herbal products for the prevention of abnormal weight gain because of its action on dietary fat and suppression of appetite. This review is an attempt to summarize the herbal plants and natural products that can be used to develop formulations effective in controlling weight gain and obesity.

Herbal medicines for diabetes management and its secondary complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Kumar ◽  
Anu Mittal ◽  
Dinesh Babu ◽  
Amit Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

: Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that has attracted worldwide concern. DM is caused due to lack of insulin or ineffective production of insulin in the pancreas. A total of 463 million people have diabetes mellitus in 2019 and it was predictedto raise upto 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045. High blood sugar gives rise to many complications like diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, foot damage, skin complications, Alzheimer’s disease, hearing impairment, and depression. These life-threatening complications make diabetes more severe than other diseases. Many synthetic drugs are developed, but still cure is not provided by any of the molecules up to this date. Continuous use of some synthetic agents caused many severe side effects, and thus the demands for non-toxic, affordable drugs are still awaited. Traditional treatments have been an extremely valued source of medicine all over the human history. These are extensively used throughout the world indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern and high-tech medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed a total of 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world, among them more than 400 plants are available for the treatment of diabetes. Despite the fact that there are many herbal drugs are available for treating diabetes, only a small number of these plants have received scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sativum, Caesalpinia bonduc, Ferrulaassafoetida, etc., are some of the medicinal plants used for antidiabetic therapy. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids and coumarins are responsible for the antidiabetic nature of the medicinal plants. These constituents have shown a reduction in blood glucose levels. Picnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are some of the examples of marketed drugs, which are obtained from the natural origin and used as antidiabetic drugs. The active principles derived from the plants work through many antidiabetic mechanisms, which include inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activities. One of the major advantages of herbal drugs is the low level of side effects attributed to these medicines, and this attracted the various researchers to develop new molecules for treatment of diabetes. In this review, emphasis will be given on the recent advances in the field of herbal drugs to treat diabetes, to prevent the secondary complications arising due to diabetes, and various herbal molecules in different stages of clinical trials.

Special Issue on ‘Immunopotentiating ability of medicinal plants against the chronic diseases’

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-298
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World

Chronic illness such as cardiovascular diseases, AIDS, diabetes, and cancer are the leading causes of death and disability in India. They contribute around 53% of all deaths, and projected to increase in the next 25 years. Though, allopathic treatment therapies are in operation but due to higher cost and limited availability, they are short reached to the poor especially in rural areas. Increasing drug resistance and often side effects have additionally questioned to their reliability. Hence, the alterna-tive therapies with better efficacy and free of above limitations have emerged as immediate need to be developed to keep mankind hale and hearty. Immunopotentiating approaches advo-cating to the repair and restoration of the immune system to normal state are looked as better alter-natives to satisfy the current need via researches on medicinal plants. Fortunately, India with the presence of 8000 species has been great repository of medicinal plants and richest genetic resource of them in the world.

scholarly journals Medicinal Properties of Phytochemicals and their Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aanchal Bansal ◽  
Chinmayee Priyadarsini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Vitro Production

Phytochemicals are produced by plants as a defence mechanism against pathogens. They are used to treat various metabolic, immunological and neurological disorders in humans in various parts of the world as a part of traditional medicine. The use of indigenous plants in commercial medicine is rising with increasing population. The antimicrobial properties of plant extracts led to increased demands. Plant tissue culture on the other hand, has proved to be a reliable alternative for the production of bioactive compounds from plants. Artificial plant culture can enhance the production of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. This review focuses on the medicinal properties of phytochemicals and their in-vitro production.

scholarly journals Ten commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia used for cosmetic formulations – A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1716-1728
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Najiha Othman ◽  
Pei Teng Lum ◽  
Aina Akmal Mohd Noor ◽  
Nurul Azima Mazlan ◽  
Puteri Zarith Sofea Yusri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations

Malaysia is rich in natural and herbal resources which have the potential to be used as traditional medicine as well as cosmetics. These plant sources are used by the folklore to help in enriching their beauty. Leaves, fruits, flowers and roots of medicinal plants in Malaysia are used in cosmetic formulations to get different biological effects. Health issues with particular reference to skin issues, such as acne, dry skin, dull skin and alopecia can be alleviated by using these plants. Since time immemorial, herbal products have been used in maintaining and enhancing physical appearance of humans. Herbal cosmetics have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. This review is about ten commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia used in the cosmetic formulations which includes Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, Cocos nucifera, Cucumis sativus, Melaleuca alternifolia, Punica granatum, Garcinia mangostana, Carica papaya, Lawsonia inermis and Hibiscus rosasinensis. These are the ten plants that are commonly used traditionally in treating many skin conditions and hair problems. Different parts of the plant may produce different beneficial effects to the consumers. Using the herbal and natural ingredients in cosmetics alleviates the side effects almost to nil. This is predominantly lower than the side effects caused by synthetic cosmetics.

Standardization of Phytomarker for Determining Immunomodulatory Activities in Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (28) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Steps

Abstract-Medicinal plants have been used for centuriesandhavebecomepartofcomplementary medicine worldwide because of their health benefits. Some plants used directly in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases or indirectly by stimulating the immune system. In recent years there is a great demand throughout the world to use herbal products in healthcare system. Plant materials and their products are becoming popular because of their widebiological activities. Standardization of herbal products is essential for their acceptance as remedies for various diseases and ailments. Marker based standardization is one of the widely accepted methods which is based on the analysis of phytochemical markers using HPTLC, HPLC etc.Identificationofmajoranduniquecompoundsinherbsasmarkersanddevelopment of analytical methodologies for monitoring them are the key steps involved in markerbasedstandardization.Markercompounds are chemically defined constituents of the herbal drug with or without therapeutic activity and can be used for the quality assurance of finished product. In nature, there are various medicinal plants which are used as immunomodulator agents. In this paper we standardize the phytomarkers of some selected plants which are very essential for our daily life.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants and the communication on precautionary use of herbs during COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kamon Chaiyasit ◽  
Wittayatorn Torkaew ◽  
Karn Boonsiri
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
New Treatments

COVID-19 has become a new global health issue that spreads easily and has high mortality rates across the world. Consequently, it is essential to discover new treatments rapidly. According to Integrative Medicine, certain herbs are useful for treating COVID-19 when taken with standard treatments. Thailand is one of the countries experiencing outbreaks and treating patients with herbs. For instance, some Thai patients are treated with Fah Talai Jone (Andrographis paniculata) at a different quantity limit used for treating fever and sore throats. Fah Talai Jone must be used with high precaution in renal insufficiency, hepatitis, or drug induced liver damage patients.  In addition, finger root (Boesenbergia rotunda) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) are also used for managing COVID-19, but there is insufficient evidence about quantity limits and side effects of using them.  Therefore, specialists need to do more research about the herbs to ensure the efficiency and safety of treatments.Keywords: herb in COVID, Fah Talai Jone, andrographolide, finger root, ginger, COVID, herb communication

scholarly journals Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kosalec ◽  
Josipa Cvek ◽  
Siniša Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal ProductsMedicinal plants have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important part of traditional medicine. Thus, medicinal plants and herbal products must be safe for the patient (consumer). This review addresses biological contaminants (microbes and other organisms) and chemical contaminants (mycotoxins, toxic elements such as heavy metals, and pesticide residues) as major common contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. To prevent and screen for contamination and ensure safety and conformity to quality standards, medicinal herbs and herbal products should be included in appropriate regulatory framework.

scholarly journals A review on: Medicinal properties of ginkgo biloba

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Shoheb S Shaikh ◽  
Nachiket S Dighe
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Traditional medicine and medicinal plants, as well as their study of modern chemical principles, may lead to the development of newer, less expensive medications. Ginkgo Biloba is well-known for curing a variety of ailments and is utilized in a variety of traditional medicinal formulations. Scientists and researchers from all over the world have spent decades studying the chemical composition of the entire Ginkgo Biloba plant, as well as its biological and pharmacological functions. These investigations established Ginkgo Biloba's medicinal potential in modern medicine and as a prospective drug discovery candidate. The current paper provides an overview of Ginkgo Bilobaethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document