scholarly journals SISTEM EKONOMI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PANCASILA DAN UUD 1945

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-332
Author(s):  
Agung Rifqi Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Other Hand

The focus of this article, using a juridical normatif and philosophical approach, is in tracking how Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution is understood and how the Pancasila economic system (based on the five tenets of the State’s ideology) is being implemented by a number of exisitng economic policies. While the Article should be regarded as the embedodiment of Indonesian economic policy, it cannot be denied that the understanding of  it evolved and changed following the 4thamendment to the Constitution. It is observed that the 4thamendment to the 1945 Constitution have had a great impact on the direction taken by the Indonesian economic policy makers.  In using a juridical normative approach we are forced to take the position that Pancasila economic system as found in the Constitution should be followed by the letter in real economic policy making. On the other hand, just to do that, we cannot but realize the need for the existence of government political will.

From the global corruption paradigm to the study of informal practices: outsiders vs. insiders

2014 ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barsukova ◽  
A. Ledeneva
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article compares two approaches to the analysis of corruption: the global corruption paradigm — a downstream view on corruption promoted by international organisations and policy makers, the socalled outsiders, and the analysis of informal practices — an upstream, or bottom-up, perspective of insiders, which contextualises motives and meaning of corrupt practices. The global corruption paradigm rests on the premises that corruption can be defined, measured and controlled. Since the 1990s, data on corruption have been systematically collected and monitored, yet there has been little progress in combatting the phenomenon across the globe. Success cases are rare, and policy makers are increasingly dis-satisfied with existing indicators and approaches to anti-corruption policies. On the one hand, the paper articulates the critique of assumptions, preconceptions and methodology implicit in the prevailing corruption paradigm. We question the cultural and historical neutrality of the definition of corruption, problems with its measurement, and implications for policy-making. On the other hand, the paper argues for the ‘disaggregation’ of the corruption paradigm and the necessity to integrate local knowledge and insiders’ perspectives into corruption studies. The combination of the two approaches will provide for more effective ways of tackling the challenges of corruption, especially in endemically corrupt systems.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF TAWHIDIC PARADIGM ON PUBLIC POLICY MAKING IN MALAYSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Bin Mhd Sarif ◽  
Yusof Bin Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Public Policy Making ◽  
Policy Makers

This study examines the conceptualized effects of Tawhidic paradigm on economic policies to promote the growth of halal industry for sustainable wealth creation in Malaysia. Tawhidic paradigm provides guidance to economic policy thinking by relying upon the principles of Qur’an and Sunnah in formulating and implementing policy blueprint and instruments. The current policy thoughts are guided by market forces and sentiments which contributed to unbridled uncertainties and speculation. A Tawhidic paradigm policy thinking and process is developed to help ascertain the level of Tawhidic based policy thinking and practices at policy making, implementation and evaluation. Using personal interview with economic policy makers as method of collecting input, this study reveals that the informants do consider some levels of Tawhidic paradigm but the thoughts appear to be inadequate to help sustain wealth creation. =========================================== Efek Paradigma Tauhid dalam Pengambilan Kebijakan Publik di Malaysia________________________________________________ Studi ini ingin menguji dampak konsep paradigma Tauhid terhadap kebijakan ekonomi dalam mendorong pertumbuhan industri halal, demi terciptanya kekayaan berkelanjutan di Malaysia. Paradigma tauhid memberikan panduan pemikiran kebijakan ekonomi dengan mengandalkan prinsip-prinsip Alquran dan Sunnah dalam merumuskan dan menerapkan cetak biru instrumen kebijakan. Pemikiran kebijakan saat ini dipandu oleh kekuatan dan sentimen pasar yang berkontribusi terhadap ketidakpastian dan spekulasi yang tak terkendali. Pemikiran dan proses pemikiran tauhid dikembangkan untuk membantu memastikan tingkat pemikiran dan praktik kebijakan Tauhid berdasarkan pada pembuatan kebijakan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Dengan menggunakan wawancara pribadi dengan pembuat kebijakan ekonomi sebagai metode untuk mengumpulkan masukan. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa informan mempertimbangkan beberapa tingkat paradigma Tauhid namun pemikiran tersebut tampaknya tidak memadai untuk membantu mempertahankan penciptaan kekayaan.

Sentencing Policy as a Force for Social Cohesion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sentencing Policy

This chapter sets out the case for adopting a normative approach to conceptualizing the social reality of sentencing. It argues that policy-makers need to comprehend how sentencing is implicated in realizing state values and take greater account of the social forces that diminish the moral credibility of state sponsored punishment. The chapter reflects on the problems of relating social values to legal processes such as sentencing and argues that crude notions of ‘top down’ or ‘bottom up’ approaches to policy-making should be replaced by a process of contextualized policy-making. Finally, the chapter stresses the need for sentencing policy to reflect those moral attachments that bind citizens together in a relational or communitarian sense. It concludes by exploring these assertions in the light of the sentencing approach taken by the courts following the English riots of 2011.

scholarly journals Universální život a život lidský. K ontologii přírody u Jana Patočky a Maurice Merleau-Pontyho

REFLEXE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (60) ◽  
pp. 29-63
Author(s):  
Martin Rabas
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The present article has two objectives. One is to elucidate the philosophical approach presented in the so-called Strahov Systematic Manuscripts of Jan Patočka in terms of consciousness and nature. The other is to compare this philosophical approach with Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s theses on nature, as elaborated in 1956–1961, and to point out some advantages and limitations of both approaches. In our opinion, Patočka’s philosophical approach consists, on the one hand, in a descriptive analysis of human experience, which he understands as a pre-reflective self-relationship pointing towards the consciousness of the world. On the other hand, on the basis of this descriptive analysis Patočka consequently explicates all non-human life, inorganic matter, and finally the whole of nature as life in its own right, the essence of which is also a certain self-relation with a tendency towards consciousness. The article then briefly presents Merleau-Ponty’s theses on nature, and finally compares them with Patočka’s overall theses on nature. The advantage of Patočka’s notion of nature as against Merleau-Ponty’s is that, in Patočka’s view, nature encompasses both the principle of unity and individuality. On the other hand, the advantage of Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of nature as against Patočka’s lies in the consistent interconnectedness of the infinite life of nature and the finite life of individual beings.

The Political Construction of a Coordinated Political Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip Manow
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The One

The first chapter motivates the book’s central research question: how did the German variant of capitalism emerge, and what today is its central functioning logic? The chapter argues that past and recent accounts of Germany’s economic performance and economic policy have failed to fully explain how long-term stable economic coordination could have evolved in as large a country as Germany, and that this has also translated into an often biased view of Germany’s current economic policies. The chapter sketches the basic argument of the book—namely that the German welfare state was the prime means of economic coordination for unions and employers, labor and capital—and situates it in two relevant literatures: the Varieties of Capitalism literature on the one hand and the Comparative Welfare State literature on the other. The chapter also presents an overview of the book.

scholarly journals Impacts of Land Ownership on the Economic Performance and Viability of Rice Farming in Thailand

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Amorn Pochanasomboon ◽  
Witsanu Attavanich ◽  
Akaranant Kidsom
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types

This article evaluates the impacts of land ownership on the economic performance and viability of rice farming in Thailand, and explores whether they are heterogeneous across different types of farming while using the propensity score matching (PSM) technique. This study categorizes land ownership into two types: full land ownership and weak land ownership. We reveal that full land ownership enhances the rice yield of small and midsize farms, with values of 115.789–127.414 kg/hectare and 51.926–70.707 kg/hectare, respectively. On the other hand, weak land ownership only enhances the rice yield of small farms, with an increased yield of 65.590–72.574 kg/hectare. Full land ownership also helps to reduce the informal debt of small and midsize farms by $16.972–$24.877 per farm and $31.393–$37.819 per farm, respectively. On the other hand, weak land ownership helps to reduce the informal debt of midsize farms, ranging from $36.909 to $44.681 per farm. Therefore, policy makers should encourage small and midsize farm households to adopt full land ownership instead of weak land ownership, as this will provide the greatest benefits to farm households and efficient land use.

Italy: dependence and political fragmentation

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Internal Fragmentation

Italy's political economy is characterized by international weakness and internal fragmentation and polarization. Since 1947, Italy's foreign economic policies have been defined by a broadly-based political and social coalition dominated by the Christian Democratic party (DC). This coalition has incorporated or maintained close links with ministerial bureaucracies, the Bank of Italy, state-controlled industrial and commercial enterprises, large corporations, and Catholic trade unions. It has attempted to foster a postwar climate receptive to business interests and to foreign investment; one which would facilitate the maintenance of a stable domestic political and social order. At the same time, the DC coalition is so fragmented by factionalism and personal competition that economic policy making has lacked direction and has been marked by personalism and by improvisation. Italian policy makers operate in a precarious environment in that they must use political and economic weaknessin order to mobilize the international assistance needed to maintain the internal social order as well as external economic survival.

Economic Reforms and Social Justice in India

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Kalpana C Satija
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Policy Makers

If one traces the changes in India's economic policies over the last five decades, they bear the imprint of changing geopolitical dynamics. While India's policy makers often couch their agendas in ideological terms, in reality the economy has been steered by the ruling elite to their economic advantage. Therefore, liberalization and the permissible boundaries within which a reform process will operate can be best understood if contextually examined and interpreted. This paper attempts to explain the dynamics of the economic policy process and outlines the contours of India's liberalization program

scholarly journals Functions of Alternative Punishments to Imprisonment in Reducing the Criminal Population of the State Prisons

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Alireza Milani ◽  
Mehdi Rezaee Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
State Prisons

In accordance with the inefficiency of imprisonment punishments in reforming and rehabilitating the prisoners, also due to the criminal environment of the prisons, economic costs of the prison and damages caused by imprisoning the head of the household, contradiction with the principle of personal punishment, health and mental problems existing and the like, are some of the problems which have created serious challenges for the imprisonment punishments. Hence, attempts for employing other punishments as alternatives to the imprisonment punishment have drawn the attention of various countries and legal systems. Accordingly, today the Iranian criminal policy makers, in line with dis-imprisonment and prohibiting the indiscriminate use of imprisonment punishment have begun to enact a law in which a chapter has been assigned to alternatives of the imprisonment punishment and prediction of a half freedom system. This paper, while introducing and investigating alternative punishments of imprisonment in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 concludes that not only is transparent and clear rules and regulations necessary in this area, but also a successful enforcement of these laws requires an appropriate culture building in the society. On the other hand, the issue of alternatives should be institutionalized among the judges.

scholarly journals Stabilization Policies and Technological Shocks: Towards a Sustainable Economic Growth Path

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelí Bongers ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Stabilization Policies ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which traditional economic policies can be oriented by sound practices. It is becoming widely accepted that sustainable economic growth (and not only economic growth) is the final target of economic policies, but some economic policies are applied just looking to the short-run without taking in account the long-run perspective. Our aim is to show how a sustainable economic policy-making would be possible, making compatible the stabilization of the economy in the short-run with a sustainable economic growth in the long-run. We confront the design of economic policies with the 17 goals of the 2030 Agenda. We argue that all sustainable development goals can be attained by the design and implementation of sustainable economic policies. Finally, to illustrate this point, we will conduct a simulation exercise to show under which combinations of demand policies technological shocks would promote a path of sustainable growth. Our results will provide a reference framework for a sustainable economic policy-making.

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