Sentencing Policy as a Force for Social Cohesion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sentencing Policy

This chapter sets out the case for adopting a normative approach to conceptualizing the social reality of sentencing. It argues that policy-makers need to comprehend how sentencing is implicated in realizing state values and take greater account of the social forces that diminish the moral credibility of state sponsored punishment. The chapter reflects on the problems of relating social values to legal processes such as sentencing and argues that crude notions of ‘top down’ or ‘bottom up’ approaches to policy-making should be replaced by a process of contextualized policy-making. Finally, the chapter stresses the need for sentencing policy to reflect those moral attachments that bind citizens together in a relational or communitarian sense. It concludes by exploring these assertions in the light of the sentencing approach taken by the courts following the English riots of 2011.

scholarly journals Metaphorless of Speechless: Stylistic and Actantial Study of Lyric Speechless by Naomi Scott

Tamaddun ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Saifur Rohman Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Women Writer

Studying of poems have fallen into searching of social values and diction, while the social reality is still being behind the text. Hence, this paper it to unlocks the plung of reality in Speechless (2019) that is being a song of Aladdin cinematography. To explore empirical data is to use stylistic design of research and to understand social fact is to use actantial schem of Greimas. Then social reality of the text is being reflected to the reality developed by women writer in the poems of Sajak 33 (1974). The result that the lyrics has shown negative soul, temperament, and less of metaphor. As a trending of teenages lifestyle, the negative soul will have influenced them over the world. Keywords: Social soul, literature, Speechless, Analisis puisi selama ini jatuh pada pencarian nilai-nilai dan analisis diksi, sementara itu realitas social yang bersembunyi di balik teks kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Karena itulah, makalah ini bermaksud menganalisis yair lagu Speechless (2019) dalam film Aladdin. Analisis dilakukan melalui desain stilistika untuk memperoleh arti secara gramatikal dan skema aktansial untuk memahami peta kemanusiaan. Realitas social yang muncul dari teks lagu tersebut kemudian direfleksikan ke dalam realitas yang dibangun di dalam teks puisi yang ditulis oleh sastrawan perempuan, Toeti Heraty dalam kumpulan piisi Sajak 33 (1974). Hasil kajian menunjukkan, syair lagu tersebut menggambarkan jiwa yang negatif, temperamen, dan miskin metafora. Rekomendasinya, ketika syair lagu tersebut menjadi minat remaja kontemporer di seluruh dunia, hal itu akan membawa pengaruh besar terhadap pembentukan jiwa sosial remaja yang temperamen, negative, dan miskin metafora. Kata kunci: Jiwa Sosial, sastra, Speechless,

Evidence-Based Policy Making in the Social Sciences

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social

The purpose of this edited book is to make the case for why the social sciences are more relevant than ever before in helping governments solve the wicked problems of public policy. It does this through a critical showcase of new forms of discovery for policy-making drawing on the insights of some of the world’s leading authorities in public policy analysis. The authors have brought together an expert group of social scientists who can showcase their chosen method or approach to policy makers and practitioners. These methods include making more use of Systematic Reviews, Random Controlled Trials, the analysis of Big Data, deliberative tools for decision-making, design thinking, qualitative techniques for comparison using Boolean and fuzzy set logic, citizen science, narrative from policy makers and citizens, policy visualisation, spatial mapping, simulation modelling and various forms of statistical analysis that draw from beyond the established tools. Of course some of the methods the book refers to have been on the shelves for a number of decades but the authors would argue that it is only over the last decade or so that increased efforts have been made to apply these methods across a range of policy arenas. Other methods such as the use of analysis of Big Data or new fuzzy set comparative tools are relatively more novel within social science but again they have been selected for attention as there are growing examples of their application in the context of policy making.

scholarly journals Framing Environmental Health Decision-Making: The Struggle over Cumulative Impacts Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3947
Author(s):  
Devon C. Payne-Sturges ◽  
Thurka Sangaramoorthy ◽  
Helen Mittmann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Analytical Tools

Little progress has been made to advance U.S. federal policy responses to growing scientific findings about cumulative environmental health impacts and risks, which also show that many low income and racial and ethnic minority populations bear a disproportionate share of multiple environmental burdens. Recent scholarship points to a “standard narrative” by which policy makers rationalize their slow efforts on environmental justice because of perceived lack of data and analytical tools. Using a social constructivist approach, ethnographic research methods, and content analysis, we examined the social context of policy challenges related to cumulative risks and impacts in the state of Maryland between 2014 and 2016. We identified three frames about cumulative impacts as a health issue through which conflicts over such policy reforms materialize and are sustained: (a) perceptions of evidence, (b) interpretations of social justice, and (c) expectations of authoritative bodies. Our findings illustrate that policy impasse over cumulative impacts is highly dependent on how policy-relevant actors come to frame issues around legislating cumulative impacts, rather than the “standard narrative” of external constraints. Frame analysis may provide us with more robust understandings of policy processes to address cumulative risks and impacts and the social forces that create health policy change.

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI SOSIAL PROFETIK DALAM RITUALITAS IBADAH PUASA RAMADHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Athoillah Islamy
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Faith Commitment ◽  
Religious Fasting

Ramadan fasting rituals have a big mission in shaping the social personality of a Muslim. This is because the obligation of fasting is a theocentric-oriented category of worship and an anthropocentric orientation. This study seeks to explore the predictive social values ​​contained in the mandatory religious fasting of Ramadan. This is library research with a philosophical normative approach. Meanwhile, the analytical theory used, namely the theory of social science (ISP), which Kuntowijoyo put forward, was in the form of values ​​of humanization, liberation, and transcendence. The study concludes that three prophetic social values can be taken from the spirituality of Ramadan fasting, including (1) faith commitment as a manifestation of transcendent values ​​, (2) fostering social piety character as a manifestation of liberation, (3) Social care as a manifestation of humanization.

scholarly journals Toward a new paradigm of environmentally friendly cultural values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Van Khuc ◽  
Tung Manh Ho ◽  
Hong-Kong T. Nguyen ◽  
Minh-Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Manh-Toan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Climate Crisis

Climate change gives rise to a growing threat of extinction to humankind, yet the current approach and solutions appear insufficient in addressing it effectively. This paper presents a critical review of the climate crisis and current approaches, highlighting how misguided would it be to exclude enterprises—the primary drivers of the climate problems—from top-down policy-making. In assessing the different core cultural values of environment-damaging and environment-protecting enterprises, the authors suggest embracing a new paradigm of environmentally-friendly cultural values. The new paradigm, which calls for a process of identifying, transforming, and synthesizing a set of core cultural values, serves as the cornerstone of the whole system and aims to shift the core cultural value from “exploitation” to “construction.” As environmentally-friendly cultural values can shape human progress away from capitalism/monetarism and toward environmentalism, it could be added to Harrison and Huntington’s (2001) list of human cultures as the 11th value. The paradigm comprises two mutually interacting attributes: (i) money cannot trade for environmental deficits, and (ii) environmental embellishment value needs to become a new “measure of profit,” priced at least on par with monetary value. The insights carry serious implications for policy-makers in engaging enterprises in the fight for a more habitable and sustainable planet.

The Social Worlds of Biblical Narrative

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Dietch
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sacred And Profane ◽  
Social Scientific

This chapter briefly reviews the rise of social-scientific criticism—a subfield of biblical criticism that uses social-scientific theory to ascertain how social forces, institutions, and practices impacted the origin and development of biblical religions and texts and the peoples and communities behind both—and demonstrates the method’s usefulness through application to Judges 3:12–30. Since biblical narratives provide partial and fragmentary glimpses into ancient lives, this essay recommends the careful use of the social sciences to extrapolate encoded social values, systems, and relations. Émile Durkheim’s conceptions of sacred and profane and the function of religious ritual highlight the Ehud narrative’s cultic interests, which underscore the interdependence between deity and collective. Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptions of social field, habitus, and doxa permit one to hypothesize the effect of field and habitus on the text’s ancient producers and distinguish between their explicit views and doxic assumptions.

Reagan and the Pax Afrikaana

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Cokorinos ◽  
James H. Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
Control State

A Frequent error in foreign policy analysis is to allow government to set the agenda of inquiry. Officials invariably define the terrain too narrowly. Their concerns are short term, not only because of the immediacy of problems stalking policy-makers, but also because averting fundamental questions about the social forces that shape the day-to-day agenda of government redounds to the advantage of those who control state power. Consequently, the task of the analyst is to overcome the inhibiting parameters of public discourse. Without trivialising matters of practical politics, the analyst must transpose prefabricated questions into more productive lines of inquiry.

A Critical Assessment of the Value of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Public Policy Implementation Theories, with Reference to the Case of Implementation of Passport Seva: An eGovernance Policy in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-539
Author(s):  
K. Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sociopolitical Environment ◽  
Public Policy Implementation

What are the challenges in public policy processes? Why do some critical public problems not carry to the agenda-setting of policy-making, or even if carried, they fail during implementation? One of the responses to these queries is that policy-making often happens in a complex, dynamic, sociopolitical environment where there are overarching structures above the policy makers and there are competing actors, ideas, groups, policy networks, institutions and policy subsystem that interact with unequal power and conflicting interests (Sanderson, 2009). It is thus realised that the systematic study of public policy is significant for bringing progressive change in society. Hence it is required to build new knowledge and to improve upon the working of public policy. This article will study the value of the top down and bottom up theories in the case of implementation of a new eGovernance policy on passport issuance in India. The findings are that due to resistance from different stakeholders, the project could be implemented only after certain bottom up changes to the policy along with change management strategies.

scholarly journals SISTEM EKONOMI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PANCASILA DAN UUD 1945

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-332
Author(s):  
Agung Rifqi Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Other Hand

The focus of this article, using a juridical normatif and philosophical approach, is in tracking how Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution is understood and how the Pancasila economic system (based on the five tenets of the State’s ideology) is being implemented by a number of exisitng economic policies. While the Article should be regarded as the embedodiment of Indonesian economic policy, it cannot be denied that the understanding of  it evolved and changed following the 4thamendment to the Constitution. It is observed that the 4thamendment to the 1945 Constitution have had a great impact on the direction taken by the Indonesian economic policy makers.  In using a juridical normative approach we are forced to take the position that Pancasila economic system as found in the Constitution should be followed by the letter in real economic policy making. On the other hand, just to do that, we cannot but realize the need for the existence of government political will.

scholarly journals Interveillance: A New Culture of Recognition and Mediatization

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Emerging Culture

The everyday uses of networked media technologies, especially social media, have revolutionized the classical model of top-down surveillance. This article sketches the contours of an emerging culture of interveillance where non-hierarchical and non-systematic monitoring practices are part of everyday life. It also introduces a critical perspective on how the industrial logics of dominant social media, through which interveillance practices are normalized, resonate with social forces already at play in individualized societies. The argument is developed in three steps. Firstly, it is argued that the concept of interveillance is needed, and must be distinguished from surveillance, in order to critically assess the everyday mutual sharing and disclosure of private information (of many different kinds). Secondly, it is argued that the culture of interveillance responds to the social deficit of recognition<em> </em>that characterizes highly individualized societies. Finally, it is argued that the culture of interveillance constitutes a defining instance and even represents a new stage of the meta-process of mediatization. The dialectical nature of interveillance integrates <em>and</em> reinforces the overarching ambiguities of mediatization, whereby the opportunities for individuals and groups to achieve growing freedom and autonomy are paralleled by limitations and dependences vis-à-vis media.

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