scholarly journals Hydrocarbon fuels as a basis of the Kurdistan region’s global diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Dalsooz Jalal Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Understanding ◽  
The Way

The author of the article empirically studies the way countries are competing for establishing diplomatic relations with a non-governmental actor. The author focuses on the government of the Kurdistan region which uses its soft power to attract the attention of countries. Among other instruments, hydrocarbon fuels (oil and gas) were the main driving force of the Kurdistan region’s soft power. The author proves that economic and hydrocarbon ambitions have made the countries transform their traditional understanding of global diplomacy which inspires some former antagonist states to rebuild their relations with a non-governmental actor even more, and even to consider it as their close partner. The conclusions of the research correspond with the idea that the Kurdistan region will more actively participate in global diplomacy as it is rich in oil and gas resources.   

scholarly journals Hydrocarbons support the global diplomacy of the Kurdistan Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Dalsooz Jalal Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
State Actor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Understanding

This article empirically examines the competition of the world’s counties for the establishment of their diplomatic relations with non-state actor. It is underlined that the government of the Kurdistan region, which has used “soft power” to draw attention of the states. Among other tools, hydrocarbons (oil and gas) placed the main soft power policy of the Kurdistan government for its global movement. It is proven that the economic and hydrocarbon ambitions have led states to overpass their traditional understanding of global diplomacy; and this further inspires some of the previously antagonistic states to reshape their relations with non-state actor towards considering a close partner. The drawn conclusions correlated with the idea that the Kurdistan government would be more actively involved in the global diplomacy due to its oil and gas wealth.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCES IN ACEH TERRITORY AFTER SIGNING THE GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 23 YEAR 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Azhari Yahya ◽  
Nurdin MH
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Energy Law

The oil and gas industry in Indonesia has been started since 1871 by Royal Dutch Shell. Meanwhile, the oil and gas industry in Aceh began in 1971 which was marked by the discovery of the Arun oil and gas fields. At that time, the management of oil and gas is done centrally by not involving the Government of Aceh as a regional producer. This led to armed conflict between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement and prolonged conflict (for 32 years) ended with the approval of the joint oil and gas management pattern found in the territory of Aceh as stipulated in the MoU Helsinki on August 15 2005, Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh and Government Regulation No. 23 of 2015 concerning Joint Management of Oil and Gas in Aceh. In order to finalize joint oil and gas management in Aceh, universities, especially the Faculty of Law, need to immediately prepare human resources who are competent in the oil and gas and energy law so that they are skilled at negotiating and drafting a Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) for oil and gas or Kontrak Bagi Hasil (KBH). For this purpose, law faculties need to immediately incorporate oil and gas and energy law courses into their curriculum.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Petroleum Contracts of Kurdistan Region in the Surveying and Applying the Deloitte Data (A Comparative Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Beston Muhammed Qadir ◽  
Hazhar Omer Mohammed ◽  
Hawre Latif Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
The Cost

A production sharing contract has been chosen by the Kurdistan Regional Government as supposedly the most appropriate contract model for the oil and gas resources of the Kurdistan Region, among several other forms of contract. In general, in terms of royalty, cost recovery, and sharing the residual sales as negotiated, the Kurdish model is similar to its foreign model, although the proportions are most likely to differ. The model of the Region specified 10 percent for the Royalty: Up to 45 percent for cost recovery, often between 7-9 percent of the company's share of the profit in the agreement. Investigating Deloitte reports and then comparing the 2017 to 2019 data shows the unstable output with a fair boost and stability at the later date as for 2017. A large contribution from the Kirkuk oil fields to the production of the overall region is noted until 16 Oct 2017. Around one-third of the revenues of oil went to the production oil companies, although as agreed for cost recovery, it is still less than 40 percent. The payment of the companies of Oil production could be explained as a collective sum between 9% of the profit oil and 25-28% of the sales oil's gross values! The cost recovery payment could not have been funded in the contract, which explains the region's claim about the debts of the companies, in its agreed manner.

scholarly journals THE USES OF FOREIGNERS IN MAO-ERA CHINA: ‘TECHNIQUES OF HOSPITALITY’ AND INTERNATIONAL IMAGE-BUILDING IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC, 1949–1976

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 135-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
International Image ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Image Building ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way ◽  
Monitor And Control ◽  
Mao Era

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the inner workings of Mao-era China's ‘foreign affairs’ system (waishi xitong): the complex, comprehensive web of bureaucracy woven after 1949 to monitor and control Chinese contact with the outside world. It explores one of the channels along which the People's Republic between 1949 and 1976 tried to project international, soft-power messages beyond conventional diplomatic channels: the inviting of so-called ‘foreign guests’ (waibin) on carefully planned tours around China, often with all or at least some expenses paid. Earlier accounts of this hospitality have evoked a machine of perfect control, carefully judged to manipulate visitors and rehearsed to ensure flawless performances by Chinese hosts. Using memoirs and Chinese archival documents, the paper discusses the attitude of top-level leaders to such visits, the way in which trips were prepared and planned, and the successes and weaknesses of the system. It argues that the People's Republic of China's hosting programme had a domestic as well as an international purpose. Although foreigners were the official target (and indeed, Maoist China's ‘techniques of hospitality’ garnered some rich international political dividends) the government also used the preparation for and execution of hosting duties to underscore at home the triumph of the revolution.

scholarly journals Multi-Dimensional Effect of Oil Pricing On Pakistan Economy: A Case of Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Qamar Ul Arafeen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Pricing

Pakistan economy is growing steadily. This growth demands higher energy consumption and consequently putting high pressure on countries economy. Pakistan mainly depends upon oil and gas resources to fulfill energy requirements. Indigenous resources of Oil are not enough to quench energy thirst of the growing economy. As a result Pakistan has to import large quantity of oil and oil based products from Middle East countries. Gas reserves in the country are enough for current gas requirements. So natural gas is playing a key role in power sector. Currently in oil upstream and downstream sector there are some local and international companies involved and government of Pakistan is establishing such policies that it can attract more international investors in this sector but the rapid pace of change, high degree of uncertainty and unstable political situation of the country present significant challenges and risk to foreign investment. The paper is a review of possible consequences and challenges presented by high oil prices in Pakistan. Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuels and this dependence is expected to increase even further in future given the depleting gas resources. The rising oil prices in the international market has had affected negatively balance of payment position as well as on the budgetary position of the country and contributed in creating inflationary pressures in the economy. For long run development oil will remain an important source of energy. The government should chalk out strategies for ensuring efficiency in use; and development, adequacy and reliability of supply and the pricing of petroleum products in such a way that will not create extra burden on the consumers. Unless appropriate steps are taken this trend of rising oil prices will further aggravate the negative impacts on the economy.

scholarly journals Government Amnesty Programme and Peace Efforts in the Niger Delta Region: An Analysis of Newspapers’ Coverage

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Aderogba
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Oil Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Guardian

Nigeria has undergone not a few crises since the country gained political independence from Great Britain in 1960. One of the current crises is the agitation of the youths of the oil-rich Niger Delta region for the control of oil and gas resources located in their region. In a bid to stem down the tide of violent activities and its attendant obstruction of the economic development of not only the region but also that of the nation at large, the government introduced what it termed "Presidential Amnesty Programme". This paper examined the newspapers' coverage of the situation in the Niger Delta region at a period considered the peak of the crisis, that is 2007 and 2009 as well as the coverage of the situation during the amnesty period (from 6th August to 4th October 2009). Content analysis was employed for this study. The study period was divided into two, that is, pre- amnesty period and amnesty period. Two popular national daily newspapers were examined, that is the Punch and the Guardian newspapers. A total number of three hundred and two copies of the two newspapers selected for the study were content analyzed. One hundred and eighty two were examined for the first period and one hundred and twenty copies were looked into for the second period. Social responsibility theory was considered relevant to the study. It was discovered that violent activities were well pronounced before the commencement of amnesty programme. 47.8 percent of the newspapers content on the region for the period was on violent activities such as vandalism of oil installations, violent attacks on oil workers and kidnappings. However, "Presidential Amnesty Programme" significantly reduced tension as well as crime in the region. Only 13 percent of all the stories published in the two newspapers during the amnesty programme were on violence. Huge numbers of the former militants (about 30,000) embraced reconciliation and rehabilitation. Amnesty programme so far has proved to be huge success.

scholarly journals Ex-Offender Reintegration and Sustained Peace in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Adopting a Socio-Economic Change Model Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Ubleble ◽  
John M. Agomoh ◽  
Anthony Chovwen
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe Niger Delta of Nigeria rich in oil and gas resources has been plagued with series of armed conflicts characterised by massive youth restiveness. The peaceful coexistence of people in the region is often affected by the nature of oil and gas business determined by the political economy of the Nigerian state. By the statute of the Federal system of Government in Nigeria, all resources within the territorial boundary of the country belong to the Federal Government. The Government then pays a certain 13% derivation fund to the resource bearing states for development. The Federal Government equally sees to the development of the region through its statutory Agencies such as the Niger Delta Development Commission. All these efforts are yet to bring about infrastructural development and human capacity needs of the region. A consequence of this is the armed militancy and cult related violence that has engulfed the region. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the socioeconomic requisitions of a reintegration programme for ex-offenders seeking re-entry into mainstream society. An interventionist approach is recommended with effective monitoring and evaluation system for a socioeconomic reintegration of ex-offenders in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Reference Significance of Foreign Offshore Oil and Gas Cooperation Model Experience to China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jiaofeng Guo ◽  
Menghong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

For a long time, the oil exploration and development business of Chinese oil enterprises is mostly limited to China, and the international cooperation of transnational oil and gas started late. Therefore, compared with foreign companies, there is still a big gap in understanding the business model of overseas oil and gas industry. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and learn from the past business model. This paper summarizes the main modes of offshore oil and gas cooperation among global oil companies, compares various modes, and studies the cooperative development mode of offshore oil and gas resources. The research shows that under the lease contract mode, foreign oil companies have greater management rights, but with the continuous development of international oil industry, the government of resource countries has gradually increased its control over foreign oil companies.

What Does Rent Give to Federal Budget (on the Russia's Budget Dependence upon "Oil Dollars")

2004 ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sharipova ◽  
I. Tcherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

Federal tax revenues from the main sectors of the Russian economy after the 1998 crisis are examined in the article. Authors present the structure of revenues from these sectors by main taxes for 1999-2003 and prospects for 2004. Emphasis is given to an increasing dependence of budget on revenues from oil and gas industries. The share of proceeds from these sectors has reached 1/3 of total federal revenues. To explain this fact world oil prices dynamics and changes in tax legislation in Russia are considered. Empirical results show strong dependence of budget revenues on oil prices. The analysis of changes in tax legislation in oil and gas industry shows that the government has managed to redistribute resource rent in favor of the state.

RELASI ULAMA DAN PENGUASA MASA KOLONIALISME

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Agung Perdana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
General Public ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Way

In the 18th century, although the Dutch Company controlled most of the archipelago, the Netherlands also experienced a decline in trade. This was due to the large number of corrupt employees and the fall in the price of spices which eventually created the VOC. Under the rule of H.W. Daendels, the colonial government began to change the way of exploitation from the old conservative way which focused on trade through the VOC to exploitation managed by the government and the private sector. Ulama also strengthen their ties with the general public through judicial management, and compensation, and waqaf assets, and by leading congregational prayers and various ceremonies for celebrating birth, marriage and death. Their links with a large number of artisans, workers (workers), and the merchant elite were very influential.

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