RELASI ULAMA DAN PENGUASA MASA KOLONIALISME

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Agung Perdana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
General Public ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Way

In the 18th century, although the Dutch Company controlled most of the archipelago, the Netherlands also experienced a decline in trade. This was due to the large number of corrupt employees and the fall in the price of spices which eventually created the VOC. Under the rule of H.W. Daendels, the colonial government began to change the way of exploitation from the old conservative way which focused on trade through the VOC to exploitation managed by the government and the private sector. Ulama also strengthen their ties with the general public through judicial management, and compensation, and waqaf assets, and by leading congregational prayers and various ceremonies for celebrating birth, marriage and death. Their links with a large number of artisans, workers (workers), and the merchant elite were very influential.

scholarly journals The Dutch Cybersecurity Landscape: From Cyber ‘Air Castles’ to Concrete Building Blocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Smeets ◽  
Joost Bunk
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration ◽  
Key Terms

Since 2010, the Netherlands has led a wide range of initiatives promoting cybersecurity and stability. The government currently engages with variety of stakeholders – including the private sector, civil society, state actors, and intergovernmental organizations – across multiple fora and organizations. Rather than being a passive participant, the Netherlands has been a catalyst, driving change in the field of cyber security both domestically and internationally. Yet, the challenge which lies ahead for the Dutch government is to make sure their cyber efforts as a whole will become greater than the sum of its parts. It will require increased coordination and collaboration across initiatives to turn the current patchwork into a synergistic endeavor. Our argument is presented in four parts. The first part provides an overview of the national cyber security strategies published since 2011. It also addresses which key terms have been defined by the Dutch government. The second part discusses the Dutch government’s views on sovereignty, international law and international cooperation. Part three analyzes the role of the private sector in the Netherlands. The final part concludes.

scholarly journals KPM VERSUS PELNI: PERSAINGAN MEREBUT HEGEMONI JARINGAN PELAYARAN DI NUSANTARA, 1945–1960

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Bambang Surowo
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government

This study examines the competition between KPM versus PT Pelni in seizing the network hegemony cruise in the archipelago in 1945 to 1960 using the historical method. KPM is a major shipping company that was also founded by two major companies Rotterdamsche Lloyd (RL) and Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (SMN) headquartered in Amsterdam the Netherlands. KPM serve scheduled regular shipping route for passengers and cargo between islands in the Dutch East Indies then more popular with the term as a post cruise between islands. KPM also play an important role to support and assist the colonial government in the process of penetration and pacification (conquest), especially in areas outside Java. On the other hand, PT PELNI established by the Indonesian government in the framework of the national development of a country that is still young, especially in the field of shipping. PELNI as well as KPM, also serves as centraal vervoersapparaat. Therefore, the government considers KPM c.q PELNI that dominate the cruise between islands in Indonesia are competitors and inhibitors of national development in the field of shipping. Post-transfer of sovereignity and the cancellation of the agreement KMB unilaterally by President Sukarno on May 3, 1956 resulted in the position of Dutch companies including KPM are at stake. This was exacerbated by the outbreak of the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands on Dutch New Guinea or West Papua, Indonesia implement the program so that the overall nationalization of the Dutch companies, including KPM.

NTC and Ncell: Telecommunication and Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Kumar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
General Public ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Telecommunication Service ◽  
Global System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Present Case Study

Over the last decade, with the liberalization policies of the Government of Nepal, telecommunication business has significantly leaped and become easily available to the general public at affordable prices when private sector started to challenge government monopoly. Currently, Nepal Telecommunication (NTC) and Ncell are the two dominant players in the telecom space in Nepal. While NTC provides all type of the phone services, Ncell has been exclusively focusing on providing Global System for Mobile (GSM) mobile lines. Over the past few years, Ncell, with its aggressive marketing and better services, has been chipping away at NTC’s market share. While NTC continues to lead in terms of number of total subscribers, Ncell recently overtook NTC to become the leading provider of GSM mobile lines in the country. Based on this, the present case study of two dominant telecommunication service providers of Nepal highlights the current scenario and attempts to explore the possible strategies to manage them effectively.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN BIOPHILIC PADA RANCANGAN SPORT CENTER DI CIPONDOH KOTA TANGERANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306
Author(s):  
Anggun Nur Apipah
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

Abstract: Tangerang is a modern city with a large number of residents from outside the region as well as immigrants, along with high enthusiasm in the field of sports, and sports achievements that continue to increase, unfortunately are not accompanied by any improvement in facilities and infrastructure in the field of sports. Therefore, the Government of Tangerang City plans to build a Sport Center located in Cipondoh, to accommodate young athletes and prepare to host the 6th Provincial Sports Week (PORPROV) in 2022. The Sport Center is planned to be built in the Cipondoh area, so that the eastern and northern Tangerang people do not have to come all the way to the Center of the government, and this plan is also a form of equitable development in Tangerang City. This Sport Center refers to the Biophilic approach where a Sport Center design with the Biophilic approach restores the closeness between humans and nature, especially in Tangerang City which is starting to be eroded by modernization, and the application of Biophilic is also to save the natural elements in Tangerang City, especially the Cipondoh area. In addition, the design of a Sport Center using Biophilic approach is to accommodate sports, and as a means to increase the interest in sports for the general public, as well as to increase achievements in sports.Keywords: Sport Center, Cipondoh, Tangerang, Biophilic. Abstrak: Kota Tangerang merupakan sebuah kota modern, dengan banyaknya penduduk dari luar daerah maupun pendatang, dengan antusias dibidang olahraga yang cukup tinggi, dan prestasi olahraga yang terus meningkat, akan tetapi tidak di iringi dengan peningkatan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana di bidang olahraga, maka dari itu pemerintah Kota Tangerang berencana membangun Sport Center yang berlokasi di Cipondoh, untuk mengakomondir atlet-atlet muda dan bersiap untuk menjadi tuan rumah dalam pelaksanaan PORPROV ke-6 tahun 2022. Pemilihan Sport Center di daerah Cipondoh, agar masyarakat  Tangerang pada bagian timur dan bagian utara tidak harus jauh - jauh datang ke pusat pemerintahan, dan rencana ini juga sebagai wujud dari pemerataan pembangunan di Kota Tangerang. Sport Center ini mengacu pada pendekatan Biophilic, dimana desain Sport Center dengan pendekatan Biophilic ini menggembalikan kedekatan manusia dengan alam, khususnya di Kota Tangerang, yang mulai tergerus oleh modernisasi, dan juga penerapan Biophilic untuk menyelamatkan unsur alam di daerah kota Tangerang, khususnya daerah Cipondoh. Selain itu, perancangan Sport Center dengan pendekatan Biophilic, selain untuk mewadahi olahraga, dan sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan minat olahraga bagi masyarakat umum, serta  untuk meningkatkan prestasi di bidang olahraga.Kata Kunci: Sport Center, Cipondoh, Tangerang, Biophilic.

scholarly journals Jama’ah Rifa`iyah: From Radicalism to Indonesian Islamic Fundamentalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit Atamimi ◽  
Mulyana Mulyana ◽  
Siti Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The Rifa`iyah Jama'ah is one of the Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia founded by Kiai Ahmad Rifa` I who seems to have disappeared from circulation because of the views handed down from the days of the Dutch colonial administration, that this group or teachings were heretical and opposed to more ulama moderate against the Netherlands. The purpose of this article is to find out the movements and teachings of the Raifa`iyah Jama'ah which are considered by some to be radical, and exclusivist organizations, but over time the Rifa`iyah congregation becomes a more lenient fundamentalist organization towards the government as an effort of existence organization to be accepted by the Indonesian people in general and not be considered a radical and heretical organization by the wider community. This research is library research. This study found three main findings that the teachings and political thought of KiaiRifa'i focused on three things: first, the Dutch colonial government was Kafir, and it was haram to be followed because it was oppressing the people. Secondly, the traditional bureaucrats, including the princes and ulemas who collaborated with the Dutch, were Dutch accomplices and they were wicked. Third, the practice of religion must not be mixed with the beliefs of the ancestors, which are considered heretical and polytheistic. Of course, such teachings were considered very dangerous by the Dutch. So on May 15, 1859, he was arrested and then exiled to Ambon, Maluku. Ten years in Ambon, he was moved to Sulawesi until he died in 1869. He was buried in the Kyai Mojo tomb complex, on a hill about one km from Kampung Jawa Tondano, Minahasa, Manado, North Sulawesi. 

scholarly journals Non-Centricity and Apathy: An Introduction to Hong Kong Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-378
Author(s):  
Kai Yung Karen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
General Public ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Government

Hong Kong literature, with particular historical and social factors, can be regarded as a non-centric literary form. While the majority of Hong Kong people speaks Cantonese as their mother tongue, they are required to write in Mandarin. Additionally, Hong Kong literature struggles to attract attention from an apathetic audience, to produce local writers, and to resonate with foreign readers. As serious literature continues to lose its purchase, more and more writers attempt to break out from this predicament and inject new blood into this fading industry. Efforts include circumventing traditional constraints and incorporating more colloquial Cantonese into various publications, as well as a mushrooming of internet novels. Unfortunately, Chinese education remains rigid and inflexible, hindering students’ ability to use writing as a creative outlet. Literature is also heavily commodified. In light of this, I suggest that reading be encouraged and literature be de-commodified. Hong Kong literature, with its distinctive features and strengths, have the potential to thrive. All it needs is sufficient support from the government, the private sector and the general public.

scholarly journals KPM VERSUS PELNI: PERSAINGAN MEREBUT HEGEMONI JARINGAN PELAYARAN DI NUSANTARA, 1945–1960

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Bambang Surowo
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government

This study examines the competition between KPM versus PT Pelni in seizing the network hegemony cruise in the archipelago in 1945 to 1960 using the historical method. KPM is a major shipping company that was also founded by two major companies Rotterdamsche Lloyd (RL) and Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (SMN) headquartered in Amsterdam the Netherlands. KPM serve scheduled regular shipping route for passengers and cargo between islands in the Dutch East Indies then more popular with the term as a post cruise between islands. KPM also play an important role to support and assist the colonial government in the process of penetration and pacification (conquest), especially in areas outside Java. On the other hand, PT PELNI established by the Indonesian government in the framework of the national development of a country that is still young, especially in the field of shipping. PELNI as well as KPM, also serves as centraal vervoersapparaat. Therefore, the government considers KPM c.q PELNI that dominate the cruise between islands in Indonesia are competitors and inhibitors of national development in the field of shipping. Post-transfer of sovereignity and the cancellation of the agreement KMB unilaterally by President Sukarno on May 3, 1956 resulted in the position of Dutch companies including KPM are at stake. This was exacerbated by the outbreak of the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands on Dutch New Guinea or West Papua, Indonesia implement the program so that the overall nationalization of the Dutch companies, including KPM.

scholarly journals Reaching across the aisle

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Louwerse ◽  
Simon Otjes ◽  
David M Willumsen ◽  
Patrik Öhberg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

The divide between government and opposition is clearly visible in the way members of parliament vote, but the variation in government–opposition voting has been left relatively unexplored. This is particularly the case for contextual variation in the extent to which parliamentary voting behaviour follows the government–opposition divide. This article attempts to explain levels of government–opposition voting by looking at three factors: first, the majority status of cabinets (differentiating between majority and minority cabinets), cabinet ideology (differentiating between more centrist and more extremist cabinets) and norms about cabinet formation (differentiating between wholesale and partial alternation in government). The study includes variation at the level of the country, the government and the vote. The article examines voting in the Netherlands (with a history of partial alternation) and Sweden (with a history of wholesale alternation). We find strong support for the effect of cabinet majority status, cabinet ideology and norms about cabinet formation on government–opposition voting.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE-BASED DYNAMIC ADJUSTMENT MODEL TO BALANCE THE STAKEHOLDERS’ SATISFACTION IN PPP PROJECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Jing-Feng Yuan ◽  
Qiming Li ◽  
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
General Public ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Performance Objective ◽  
Adjustment Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation

Aiming to balance the interests of the principal stakeholders (the private sector, the government and the general public) in Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) projects, the satisfaction of stakeholders were researched thoroughly in this paper. A satisfaction evaluation model was structured based on authors’ prior questionnaire survey focusing on the performance objective indicators (POIs) of different stakeholders. The parties’ preferred POIs were identified as follows: all three parties emphasize the objectives of construction quality, service quality, cost, time, and lifecycle cost very much. Individually, the private sector prefer the objectives of profit making and government support, the government prefer the objectives of budget saving and risk transfer, and the general public prefer the objectives of toll rate and the facilities’ quantities. Furthermore, a satisfaction adjustment model was proposed based on the interrelationships of the adjusting POIs and their impact on the stakeholders’ satisfaction by using the feedback loops of System Dynamics (SD). An illustrative case was also introduced, the results of which indicated that the satisfaction evaluation and adjustment model could be well applied to balance the interests of stakeholders and also improve the general performance of the project.

The adaptation of design thinking in auditing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda MEIJER-WASSENAAR ◽  
Diny VAN EST
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

How can a supreme audit institution (SAI) use design thinking in auditing? SAIs audit the way taxpayers’ money is collected and spent. Adding design thinking to their activities is not to be taken lightly. SAIs independently check whether public organizations have done the right things in the right way, but the organizations might not be willing to act upon a SAI’s recommendations. Can you imagine the role of design in audits? In this paper we share our experiences of some design approaches in the work of one SAI: the Netherlands Court of Audit (NCA). Design thinking needs to be adapted (Dorst, 2015a) before it can be used by SAIs such as the NCA in order to reflect their independent, autonomous status. To dive deeper into design thinking, Buchanan’s design framework (2015) and different ways of reasoning (Dorst, 2015b) are used to explore how design thinking can be adapted for audits.

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