Optimization of Sustainable Alternative Fuel Composition for Improved Energy Consumption of Jet Engines

Pine needle is a typical biomass which is abundantly available in Uttarakhand hills. This shredded biomass contributes significantly in forest fire occurring regularly in Uttarakhand. Different energy harnessing routes as direct combustion, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, and briquetting for pine needle were reviewed. These routes were further compared on the basis of energy consumption and energy efficiency of the processes as per the available literature. The review suggested that briquetting of pine needle and its anaerobic digestion are two most energy efficient methods having energy efficiency of 88% and 41.6%, respectively. The estimated energy required for briquetting of 1 ton pine needle was 1370.5 MJ, whereas for gasification it was 1170 MJ

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WAYS OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL CLEANING FOR MACHINE TRACTOR UNIT

ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC ◽

10.37128/2520-6168-2019-1-14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Lydia Kolesnik

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Lower Energy ◽

Fuel Mixture ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Methane Content ◽

Ability To Work ◽

Fuel Gas ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Standard Pressure ◽

Agricultural Machines

Аdvantages and disadvantages of various types of fuels are considered in the article; the method of cleaning alternative fuel for agricultural machines is developed, namely, the increase of methane content in the fuel mixture of diesel - gas as an alternative fuel for machine - tractor aggregates. The proposed method results in relatively small losses of methane to 0.06%. When the system operates at standard pressure, power consumption is less than 0.04 kWh / m3, which gives the system the ability to work economically. The fuel gas produced as a by-product can be good for heating a bioreactor. Purified biogas (methane content 97.7% by volume). The content of methane can be further increased by further cooling. The invention allows increased methane output and lower energy consumption. The work contains 6 formulas, 1 drawing and 12 literary sources.

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THE EFFECT OF BIOFUEL ADDITION TO FLIGHT KEROSENE ON A RUBBER GASKET / BIOKURO PRIEMAIŠŲ, DEDAMŲ Į AVIACINĮ ŽIBALĄ, POVEIKIS GUMINIAMS REAKTYVINIŲ VARIKLIŲ TARPIKLIAMS / ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИМЕСИ БИОТОПЛИВА В АВИАЦИОННОМ КЕРОСИНЕ НА РЕЗИНОВЫЕ ПРОКЛАДКИ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2011.563530 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milan Olšovský ◽

Marián Hocko

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Aircraft Engine ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Jet Engines ◽

Rubber Gasket ◽

Jet Engine ◽

Aircraft Fuel

This paper solves a problem of using unconventional fuels for driving jet engines. The carried out experiments were aimed at assessing the possibilities of using various contributions of MERO (methyl esters of rapseed oil) biofuel mixed with Jet A-1 aircraft fuel and for analyzing the influences of using an alternative fuel exerted upon the selected parts of the jet engine. The authors of the article compare the effect of adding bio-ingredients (MERO) to Jet A-1 aircraft fuel on the properties of rubber sealings used in the aircraft engine. The physical properties of MERO bio-ingredients and Jet A-1 aircraft fuel are very similar. The conducted research has discovered additional options of mixing MERO biofuel and Jet A-1 aircraft fuel and demonstrated that the total concentration (0–100%) of MERO biofuel in Jet A-1 aircraft fuel reaches a process of creating of a homogeneous mixture without sediments or coagulants. The evaluated results indicate that the appendage of the methyl esters of rapseed oil in Jet A-1 aircraft fuel give out a relatively large slump in physical-mechanical properties within the period of a few days. The raising content of MERO in aircraft fuel is bulking samples and makes itself felt by increasing the weight of the samples. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama netradicinių kuro rūšių naudojimo reaktyviniuose varikliuose problema. Atlikti bandymai įvertino galimybes naudoti Jet A-1 aviacinį žibalą su RME (rapsų metilo esterių) biokuru. Analizuojama alternatyvaus kuro įtaka pasirinktoms reaktyvinio variklio dalims. Autoriai lygina Jet A-1aviacinio žibalo su RME biokuru, poveikį guminių tarpiklių, naudojamų reaktyviniuose varikliuose, savybėms. Fizinės RME biokuro ir Jet A-1 aviacinio žibalo savybės yra labai panašios. Atlikti tyrimai atskleidė papildomų galimybių, derinant RME biokurą ir Jet A-1 aviacinį žibalą, bei parodė, kad bendra RME biokuro koncentracija (0÷100%) Jet A-1 aviaciniame žibale sudaro vientisą mišinį be nuosėdų ir koaguliantų. Rezultatai rodo, kad per kelias dienas RME biokuro priedai, esantys Jet A-1 aviaciniame žibale, santykiškai pablogina reaktyvinių variklių guminių tarpiklių fizines ir mechanines savybes. Резюме В статье решается проблема использования нестандартных видов топлива для тяги авиационных реактивных двигателей. Целью проведённых экспериментов являлось обсуждение возможности использования смеси авиационного керосина Jet A-1 и биотоплива MERO (methylester of Rapsol Oil) в качестве альтернативного топлива, а также анализ ее влияния на определенные элементы реактивных двигателей. Авторы исследовали влияние концентрации биотоплива MERO в авиационном керосине Jet A-1 на свойства резиновых прокладок, применяемых в реактивных двигателях. Физические свойства этого биотоплива и авиационного керосина аналогичны. В течение исследования выяснилось, что при всех концентрациях биотоплива MERO (0÷100 %) и керосина Jet A-1возникает однородная смесь без осадков и коагулятов. Результаты исследований (измерений) показали, что примесь биотоплива MERO в авиационный керосин Jet A-1 повлекла за собой относительно большое изменение физико-механических свойств резиновых прокладок реактивных двигателей уже в течение нескольких дней. С увеличением доли биотоплива MERO в смеси повышается также интенсивность негативного влияния на резиновые прокладки.

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Sustainable Aviation Fuels

Johnson Matthey Technology Review ◽

10.1595/205651320x15816756012040 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ausilio Bauen ◽

Niccolò Bitossi ◽

Lizzie German ◽

Anisha Harris ◽

Khangzhen Leow

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Aircraft Design ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Aviation Fuel ◽

Jet Engines ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Hybrid Mode ◽

Fuel Demand ◽

The Status

Aviation fuel demand is expected to continue to grow over the next decades and continue to rely heavily on kerosene fuel for use in jet engines. While efficiency and operational improvements are possible ways to reduce GHG emissions, decarbonisation will need to heavily rely on low carbon kerosene drop-in alternatives. Currently, alternative fuels make up a very small share of fuel used in aviation, but their commercialisation is making good progress. Hydrogen offers a longer term alternative fuel option but requires aircraft design and fuelling infrastructure changes. Electrification is emerging as an option for providing propulsion in aircraft, either in pure form in small aircraft or in hybrid mode in larger aircraft. This paper reviews the status, challenges and prospects of alternative fuels and electrification in aviation.

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The influence of alternative fuel composition on gas turbine ignition performance

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.047 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 277-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

L. Rye ◽

C. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Fuel Composition

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Possibilities of Using Bioethanol as an Alternative Fuel in the Conditions of Jet Engines

Transportation Research Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.trpro.2021.11.110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 183-192

Author(s):

Pavol Pecho ◽

Michal Hrúz ◽

Matej Sitar ◽

Martin Bugaj

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuel ◽

Jet Engines

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The Use of Ethanol as an Alternative Fuel for Small Turbojet Engines

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2541

Author(s):

Rudolf Andoga ◽

Ladislav Főző ◽

Martin Schrötter ◽

Stanislav Szabo

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Jet Engines ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Engine Exhaust ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Turbojet Engine ◽

Auxiliary Power ◽

Auxiliary Power Units

The use of alternative fuels to traditional kerosene-based ones in turbo-jet engines is currently being widely explored and researched. However, the application of alternative fuels in the area of small turbojet engines with thrust ratings up to 2 kilo-newtons, which are used as auxiliary power units or to propel small aircraft or drones, is not as well researched. This paper explores the use of ethanol as a sustainable fuel and its effects on the operation of a small turbojet engine under laboratory conditions. Several concentrations of ethanol and JET A-1 mixtures are explored to study the effects of this fuel on the basic parameters of a small turbojet engine. The influence of the different concentrations of the mixture on the start-up process, speed of the engine, exhaust gas temperature, and compressor pressure are evaluated. The measurements shown in the article represent a pilot study, the results of which show that ethanol can be reliably used as an alternative fuel only when its concentration in a mixture with traditional fuel is lower than 40%, yielding positive effects on the operating temperatures and small negative effects on the speed or thrust of the engine.

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